Linshang Chemical
PRODUCTS
1-Amino-4-Chlorobenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
262832 |
| Chemical Formula | C6H6ClN |
| Molar Mass | 127.57 g/mol |
| Appearance | Pale yellow to light brown solid |
| Melting Point | 68 - 70 °C |
| Boiling Point | 232 - 234 °C |
| Density | 1.296 g/cm³ |
| Solubility In Water | Slightly soluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in ethanol, ether, etc. |
| Odor | Characteristic amine - like odor |
| Flash Point | 109 °C |
| Stability | Stable under normal conditions |
As an accredited 1-Amino-4-Chlorobenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 1 - amino - 4 - chlorobenzene packaged in 1 - kg bags for convenient handling. |
| Storage | 1 - amino - 4 - chlorobenzene should be stored in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area, away from heat sources and ignition points. Keep it in a tightly closed container to prevent moisture absorption and vapor leakage. Store separately from oxidizing agents and acids to avoid potential chemical reactions. Label the storage container clearly for easy identification and safety compliance. |
| Shipping | 1 - amino - 4 - chlorobenzene is shipped in accordance with strict chemical regulations. It's typically packaged in air - tight, corrosion - resistant containers. Shipments are monitored for temperature and humidity to ensure product integrity during transit. |
Competitive 1-Amino-4-Chlorobenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
For samples, pricing, or more information, please call us at +8615365006308 or mail to info@alchemist-chem.com.
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What are the main uses of 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene?
1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene is p-chloroaniline, and its main uses are as follows:
p-chloroaniline is very important in the dye industry. In the past, many dyes with bright colors and good fastness relied on it as a key raw material. Taking azo dyes as an example, p-chloroaniline can be prepared by a delicate diazotization reaction, and then coupled with specific phenols or aromatic amines to produce a series of brilliant azo dyes, which are widely used in fabric dyeing to make fabrics look colorful.
In the field of medicine, p-chloroaniline also has extraordinary performance. As an important intermediate in the synthesis of various drugs, it participates in the construction of the basic structure of drug molecules. For example, some drugs with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, p-chloroaniline plays an indispensable role in its synthesis path, giving the drug corresponding pharmacological activity and benefiting patients.
In terms of pesticides, p-chloroaniline is also a key component. It can be used to create high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticide products. After a series of chemical reactions, it is integrated into the molecular structure of pesticides to improve the poisoning effect of pesticides on pests, while reducing the harm to the environment, escorting agricultural harvests.
In addition, p-chloroaniline has also emerged in the preparation of rubber additives and other fine chemicals. It can prepare additives that enhance the vulcanization properties of rubber, so that rubber products have better physical and mechanical properties and prolong service life, which is of great significance in many aspects of industrial production.
p-chloroaniline is very important in the dye industry. In the past, many dyes with bright colors and good fastness relied on it as a key raw material. Taking azo dyes as an example, p-chloroaniline can be prepared by a delicate diazotization reaction, and then coupled with specific phenols or aromatic amines to produce a series of brilliant azo dyes, which are widely used in fabric dyeing to make fabrics look colorful.
In the field of medicine, p-chloroaniline also has extraordinary performance. As an important intermediate in the synthesis of various drugs, it participates in the construction of the basic structure of drug molecules. For example, some drugs with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, p-chloroaniline plays an indispensable role in its synthesis path, giving the drug corresponding pharmacological activity and benefiting patients.
In terms of pesticides, p-chloroaniline is also a key component. It can be used to create high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticide products. After a series of chemical reactions, it is integrated into the molecular structure of pesticides to improve the poisoning effect of pesticides on pests, while reducing the harm to the environment, escorting agricultural harvests.
In addition, p-chloroaniline has also emerged in the preparation of rubber additives and other fine chemicals. It can prepare additives that enhance the vulcanization properties of rubber, so that rubber products have better physical and mechanical properties and prolong service life, which is of great significance in many aspects of industrial production.
What are the physical properties of 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene?
1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene is p-chloroaniline. Its physical properties are as follows:
p-chloroaniline has a white to light yellow crystalline solid appearance. Smell it, it has an aniline-like odor. Its melting point is 72-73 ° C. At this temperature, the substance changes from solid to liquid. The boiling point is 232 ° C. When the temperature rises to this point, p-chloroaniline changes from liquid to gaseous.
p-chloroaniline is slightly soluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, acetone and benzene. This difference in solubility is due to its molecular structure. Its density is about 1.29 g/cm ³, which is heavier than water. If mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water.
p-chloroaniline is relatively stable chemically at room temperature and pressure, but because it contains amino and chlorine atoms, it can participate in many chemical reactions under specific conditions. When exposed to light or heat, it may initiate decomposition reactions and release toxic gases.
p-chloroaniline has sublimation properties. Although the sublimation phenomenon is not significant at room temperature, when the temperature rises, the sublimation rate accelerates. This property may be used in the process of separation and purification.
Overall, the physical properties of p-chloroaniline have an important impact on its storage, transportation and application in chemical production. Appropriate measures need to be taken according to its characteristics during operation.
p-chloroaniline has a white to light yellow crystalline solid appearance. Smell it, it has an aniline-like odor. Its melting point is 72-73 ° C. At this temperature, the substance changes from solid to liquid. The boiling point is 232 ° C. When the temperature rises to this point, p-chloroaniline changes from liquid to gaseous.
p-chloroaniline is slightly soluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, acetone and benzene. This difference in solubility is due to its molecular structure. Its density is about 1.29 g/cm ³, which is heavier than water. If mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water.
p-chloroaniline is relatively stable chemically at room temperature and pressure, but because it contains amino and chlorine atoms, it can participate in many chemical reactions under specific conditions. When exposed to light or heat, it may initiate decomposition reactions and release toxic gases.
p-chloroaniline has sublimation properties. Although the sublimation phenomenon is not significant at room temperature, when the temperature rises, the sublimation rate accelerates. This property may be used in the process of separation and purification.
Overall, the physical properties of p-chloroaniline have an important impact on its storage, transportation and application in chemical production. Appropriate measures need to be taken according to its characteristics during operation.
Is 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene chemically stable?
1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene is p-chloroaniline, and its chemical properties are relatively stable.
p-chloroaniline is a white to yellow flake crystal with certain stability, but under specific conditions, it will also show unique chemical activity. From the structural point of view, the benzene ring gives it aromaticity, and the substitution of amino and chlorine atoms adds a special reaction check point to it.
In terms of stability, the structure of p-chloroaniline has a certain degree of stability due to the existence of the conjugated system of the benzene ring. However, the presence of amino groups makes it alkaline and can react with acids to form salts. At the same time, the electron cloud density of the amino group is relatively high, and it is prone to electrophilic substitution, which affects its stability in some environments to a certain extent.
Furthermore, although the chlorine atom reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, it can undergo substitution and other reactions, which will break the original chemical equilibrium under suitable reagents and conditions. For example, under the action of nucleophiles, the chlorine atom may be replaced by other groups, thereby changing the chemical structure and properties of p-chloroaniline.
Overall, p-chloroaniline is relatively stable in the conventional environment without the influence of specific external chemicals or conditions. However, in complex chemical reaction systems, due to the activity of functional groups in their structures, they can participate in a variety of reactions, thereby altering their original stability.
p-chloroaniline is a white to yellow flake crystal with certain stability, but under specific conditions, it will also show unique chemical activity. From the structural point of view, the benzene ring gives it aromaticity, and the substitution of amino and chlorine atoms adds a special reaction check point to it.
In terms of stability, the structure of p-chloroaniline has a certain degree of stability due to the existence of the conjugated system of the benzene ring. However, the presence of amino groups makes it alkaline and can react with acids to form salts. At the same time, the electron cloud density of the amino group is relatively high, and it is prone to electrophilic substitution, which affects its stability in some environments to a certain extent.
Furthermore, although the chlorine atom reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, it can undergo substitution and other reactions, which will break the original chemical equilibrium under suitable reagents and conditions. For example, under the action of nucleophiles, the chlorine atom may be replaced by other groups, thereby changing the chemical structure and properties of p-chloroaniline.
Overall, p-chloroaniline is relatively stable in the conventional environment without the influence of specific external chemicals or conditions. However, in complex chemical reaction systems, due to the activity of functional groups in their structures, they can participate in a variety of reactions, thereby altering their original stability.
What are 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene synthesis methods?
1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene is p-chloroaniline, and there are many synthesis methods, which are described in detail below.
First, the synthesis method using p-nitrochlorobenzene as raw material. This is a classical path, which first makes p-nitrochlorobenzene undergo a reduction reaction under specific conditions. In the past, iron powder and hydrochloric acid were mostly used as reducing agents. Although the cost was low, a lot of iron mud was produced, which was unfavorable to the environment. At present, catalytic hydrogenation is mostly used. Under the action of catalysts such as palladium carbon and Raney nickel, hydrogen is introduced to reduce nitro groups to amino groups. This method has high atomic utilization and less pollution, and is quite commonly used.
Second, the synthesis method using aniline as raw material. P-chloroaniline can be obtained by chlorination of aniline. However, when aniline is directly chlorinated, a mixture of ortho and para-chlorinated products is often formed. To improve the selectivity of p-chloroaniline, suitable chlorination reagents and reaction conditions need to be selected. For example, when chlorine is used as a chlorination agent, an appropriate amount of positioning catalyst can be added to adjust the reaction temperature and time, so as to promote the reaction to proceed in the direction of generating p-chloroaniline.
Third, the synthesis method using p-chlorophenol as a raw material. P-chlorophenol is first ammoniolyzed with ammonia to produce p-chloroaniline. This reaction usually requires high temperature, high pressure and the presence of a catalyst to proceed smoothly. The selected catalysts are mostly metal oxides or salts, which can effectively reduce the activation energy of the reaction, improve the reaction rate and yield.
The above methods have advantages and disadvantages. In actual production, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the availability of raw materials, cost, environmental protection requirements and many other factors to select an appropriate synthesis method.
First, the synthesis method using p-nitrochlorobenzene as raw material. This is a classical path, which first makes p-nitrochlorobenzene undergo a reduction reaction under specific conditions. In the past, iron powder and hydrochloric acid were mostly used as reducing agents. Although the cost was low, a lot of iron mud was produced, which was unfavorable to the environment. At present, catalytic hydrogenation is mostly used. Under the action of catalysts such as palladium carbon and Raney nickel, hydrogen is introduced to reduce nitro groups to amino groups. This method has high atomic utilization and less pollution, and is quite commonly used.
Second, the synthesis method using aniline as raw material. P-chloroaniline can be obtained by chlorination of aniline. However, when aniline is directly chlorinated, a mixture of ortho and para-chlorinated products is often formed. To improve the selectivity of p-chloroaniline, suitable chlorination reagents and reaction conditions need to be selected. For example, when chlorine is used as a chlorination agent, an appropriate amount of positioning catalyst can be added to adjust the reaction temperature and time, so as to promote the reaction to proceed in the direction of generating p-chloroaniline.
Third, the synthesis method using p-chlorophenol as a raw material. P-chlorophenol is first ammoniolyzed with ammonia to produce p-chloroaniline. This reaction usually requires high temperature, high pressure and the presence of a catalyst to proceed smoothly. The selected catalysts are mostly metal oxides or salts, which can effectively reduce the activation energy of the reaction, improve the reaction rate and yield.
The above methods have advantages and disadvantages. In actual production, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the availability of raw materials, cost, environmental protection requirements and many other factors to select an appropriate synthesis method.
What are the precautions in storage and transportation of 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene?
1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene is p-chloroaniline. When storing and transporting this substance, there are many urgent precautions that need to be paid attention to.
Let's talk about storage first. It should be placed in a cool and well-ventilated place. Because p-chloroaniline is prone to reaction when heated, resulting in loss of stability, a cool environment can reduce the risk of temperature. And the warehouse needs to be kept away from fire and heat sources, both of which are prone to combustion or explosion of p-chloroaniline. Furthermore, it should be stored separately from oxidants and acids, and must not be mixed. When p-chloroaniline meets an oxidizing agent, it is prone to violent oxidation reactions; when it coexists with acids, or causes chemical reactions to occur, dangerous products are formed. The warehouse needs to have suitable materials for containing and handling leaks for emergencies.
As for transportation, make sure that the packaging is intact before transportation. If the packaging is damaged, p-chloroaniline or leaks out, endangering transportation safety and the surrounding environment. During transportation, make sure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall or damage. Transportation vehicles also need to be equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. When driving, keep away from fire and heat sources to prevent sun exposure. During the journey, avoid mixing with oxidants, acids, etc. to avoid the risk of potential chemical reactions. And during transportation, you should follow the prescribed route and do not stay in densely populated areas and residential areas for a long time to prevent accidents from causing significant harm to the public.
Let's talk about storage first. It should be placed in a cool and well-ventilated place. Because p-chloroaniline is prone to reaction when heated, resulting in loss of stability, a cool environment can reduce the risk of temperature. And the warehouse needs to be kept away from fire and heat sources, both of which are prone to combustion or explosion of p-chloroaniline. Furthermore, it should be stored separately from oxidants and acids, and must not be mixed. When p-chloroaniline meets an oxidizing agent, it is prone to violent oxidation reactions; when it coexists with acids, or causes chemical reactions to occur, dangerous products are formed. The warehouse needs to have suitable materials for containing and handling leaks for emergencies.
As for transportation, make sure that the packaging is intact before transportation. If the packaging is damaged, p-chloroaniline or leaks out, endangering transportation safety and the surrounding environment. During transportation, make sure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall or damage. Transportation vehicles also need to be equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. When driving, keep away from fire and heat sources to prevent sun exposure. During the journey, avoid mixing with oxidants, acids, etc. to avoid the risk of potential chemical reactions. And during transportation, you should follow the prescribed route and do not stay in densely populated areas and residential areas for a long time to prevent accidents from causing significant harm to the public.
What are the main uses of 1 - amino - 4 - chlorobenzene
1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene, also known as p-chloroaniline, is an important raw material for organic synthesis and is widely used in many fields.
First, in the dye industry, this substance plays a key role. Because its molecular structure contains amino and chlorine atoms, it can participate in a variety of dye synthesis reactions. It can be made into colorful azo dyes through a series of reactions such as diazotization and coupling. Such dyes have bright color and good stability. They are widely used in textiles, printing and dyeing and other industries to give rich colors to fabrics.
Second, in the field of medicine, 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene is also indispensable. Often used as a pharmaceutical intermediate to synthesize a variety of drugs. In the preparation of some antimicrobial drugs and antipyretic and analgesic drugs, it is necessary to use this as the starting material to construct the active structure of the drug through multi-step reaction, which makes great contributions to human health.
Third, the compound also plays an important role in the manufacture of pesticides. It can be used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of specific pesticides. The synthesized pesticides have high-efficiency killing or inhibitory effects on crop pests, which helps to improve crop yield and quality and ensure the smooth progress of agricultural production.
In addition, in the fields of rubber additives and pigments, 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene is also used. It can be used to synthesize some additives that can improve the properties of rubber, enhance the wear resistance and aging resistance of rubber, etc. In pigment synthesis, participate in the reaction to generate pigments with excellent performance to meet the needs of pigments in different industrial and life scenarios. In short, 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene occupies an important position in the modern industrial system and is of great significance to promote the development of various related industries.
First, in the dye industry, this substance plays a key role. Because its molecular structure contains amino and chlorine atoms, it can participate in a variety of dye synthesis reactions. It can be made into colorful azo dyes through a series of reactions such as diazotization and coupling. Such dyes have bright color and good stability. They are widely used in textiles, printing and dyeing and other industries to give rich colors to fabrics.
Second, in the field of medicine, 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene is also indispensable. Often used as a pharmaceutical intermediate to synthesize a variety of drugs. In the preparation of some antimicrobial drugs and antipyretic and analgesic drugs, it is necessary to use this as the starting material to construct the active structure of the drug through multi-step reaction, which makes great contributions to human health.
Third, the compound also plays an important role in the manufacture of pesticides. It can be used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of specific pesticides. The synthesized pesticides have high-efficiency killing or inhibitory effects on crop pests, which helps to improve crop yield and quality and ensure the smooth progress of agricultural production.
In addition, in the fields of rubber additives and pigments, 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene is also used. It can be used to synthesize some additives that can improve the properties of rubber, enhance the wear resistance and aging resistance of rubber, etc. In pigment synthesis, participate in the reaction to generate pigments with excellent performance to meet the needs of pigments in different industrial and life scenarios. In short, 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene occupies an important position in the modern industrial system and is of great significance to promote the development of various related industries.
What are the physical properties of 1 - amino - 4 - chlorobenzene
1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene, also known as p-chloroaniline, is a kind of organic compound. Its physical properties are as follows:
Looking at its appearance, it is a white to light yellow crystalline powder under normal conditions. It is left in sunlight or air for a long time, and the color gradually darkens. This is caused by a certain chemical reaction between light and air.
The melting point is about 70-72 ° C. When the temperature reaches this range, the substance begins to melt from solid to liquid. This property is very important in the separation, purification and identification of substances. Its purity can be judged by measuring the melting point.
The boiling point is about 232-234 ° C. At this temperature, the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the outside atmospheric pressure, and the substance changes from the liquid state to the gaseous state violently. This value is of great significance for its distillation, fractionation and other operations in chemical production.
Smell its smell, with the special smell of aniline. This smell is unique and irritating, so it needs to be carefully guarded when using and contacting.
As for solubility, it is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene. This is because the presence of amino and chlorine atoms in its molecular structure affects the polarity of the molecule, causing it to have a weak force with water molecules and a strong force with organic solvent molecules. This property has a profound impact on its solvent selection and separation and extraction in chemical reactions. In terms of density, the relative density (water = 1) is about 1.42. By comparing with the density of water, it can be known that its floating condition in water is known, which is an important reference when it involves operations such as liquid-liquid separation.
Looking at its appearance, it is a white to light yellow crystalline powder under normal conditions. It is left in sunlight or air for a long time, and the color gradually darkens. This is caused by a certain chemical reaction between light and air.
The melting point is about 70-72 ° C. When the temperature reaches this range, the substance begins to melt from solid to liquid. This property is very important in the separation, purification and identification of substances. Its purity can be judged by measuring the melting point.
The boiling point is about 232-234 ° C. At this temperature, the saturated vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the outside atmospheric pressure, and the substance changes from the liquid state to the gaseous state violently. This value is of great significance for its distillation, fractionation and other operations in chemical production.
Smell its smell, with the special smell of aniline. This smell is unique and irritating, so it needs to be carefully guarded when using and contacting.
As for solubility, it is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene. This is because the presence of amino and chlorine atoms in its molecular structure affects the polarity of the molecule, causing it to have a weak force with water molecules and a strong force with organic solvent molecules. This property has a profound impact on its solvent selection and separation and extraction in chemical reactions. In terms of density, the relative density (water = 1) is about 1.42. By comparing with the density of water, it can be known that its floating condition in water is known, which is an important reference when it involves operations such as liquid-liquid separation.
What are the chemical properties of 1 - amino - 4 - chlorobenzene
1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene is an organic compound with unique chemical properties. Its properties are as follows:
- ** Nucleophilic Substitution Reactivity **: The amino group is a power supply group, which can enhance the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, so that the electron cloud density of the benzene ring is increased. The chlorine atom is connected to the benzene ring. Because the chlorine atom has a certain electronegativity, under certain conditions, a nucleophilic substitution reaction can occur. For example, under appropriate nucleophilic reagents and reaction conditions, the chlorine atom can be replaced by other groups. If it reacts with the nucleophilic reagent sodium alcohol, the chlorine atom may be replaced by an alkoxy group to form a benzene derivative containing This is due to the change of electron cloud distribution on the benzene ring, the carbon check point where the chlorogenic atom is located has a certain electrophilicity and is vulnerable to attack by nucleophilic reagents.
- ** Positioning effect of electrophilic substitution reaction **: The amino group activates the benzene ring and belongs to the ortho-and para-localization group. In the electrophilic substitution reaction, the electrophilic reagent easily attacks the ortho-and para-position of the benzene ring. If nitrification occurs, the nitro group mainly enters the ortho-and para-position of the amino group. This is due to the conjugation effect of the amino group, which makes the ortho-and para-position electron cloud density relatively high, and the electrophilic reagents are more inclined to attack For example, in the mixed system of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, o-nitro-1-amino-4-chlorobenzene and p-nitro-1-amino-4-chlorobenzene can be formed, and the proportion of p-nitro products is relatively high.
- ** Basic **: The nitrogen atom in the amino group contains lone pair electrons and can bind protons, so 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene has a certain alkalinity. In acidic solutions, amino groups can combine with protons to form ammonium salts. For example, when it is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid, the amino group will combine with the hydrogen ion in hydrochloric acid to form the corresponding ammonium salt, which increases the solubility of the compound in acidic solutions. This property can be exploited when separating and purifying the compound.
- ** Redox property **: The amino group is easily oxidized, and when encountering strong oxidants, the amino group may be oxidized to nitro or other nitrogen oxides. At the same time, if there is a suitable reducing agent in the system, the chlorine atom on the benzene ring can be reduced and removed, or the benzene ring can undergo hydrogenation and reduction reactions. For example, under specific catalytic hydrogenation conditions, the benzene ring can be partially or completely hydrogenated to generate the corresponding saturated or partially saturated nitrogenous and chlorine compounds.
- ** Nucleophilic Substitution Reactivity **: The amino group is a power supply group, which can enhance the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, so that the electron cloud density of the benzene ring is increased. The chlorine atom is connected to the benzene ring. Because the chlorine atom has a certain electronegativity, under certain conditions, a nucleophilic substitution reaction can occur. For example, under appropriate nucleophilic reagents and reaction conditions, the chlorine atom can be replaced by other groups. If it reacts with the nucleophilic reagent sodium alcohol, the chlorine atom may be replaced by an alkoxy group to form a benzene derivative containing This is due to the change of electron cloud distribution on the benzene ring, the carbon check point where the chlorogenic atom is located has a certain electrophilicity and is vulnerable to attack by nucleophilic reagents.
- ** Positioning effect of electrophilic substitution reaction **: The amino group activates the benzene ring and belongs to the ortho-and para-localization group. In the electrophilic substitution reaction, the electrophilic reagent easily attacks the ortho-and para-position of the benzene ring. If nitrification occurs, the nitro group mainly enters the ortho-and para-position of the amino group. This is due to the conjugation effect of the amino group, which makes the ortho-and para-position electron cloud density relatively high, and the electrophilic reagents are more inclined to attack For example, in the mixed system of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid, o-nitro-1-amino-4-chlorobenzene and p-nitro-1-amino-4-chlorobenzene can be formed, and the proportion of p-nitro products is relatively high.
- ** Basic **: The nitrogen atom in the amino group contains lone pair electrons and can bind protons, so 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene has a certain alkalinity. In acidic solutions, amino groups can combine with protons to form ammonium salts. For example, when it is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid, the amino group will combine with the hydrogen ion in hydrochloric acid to form the corresponding ammonium salt, which increases the solubility of the compound in acidic solutions. This property can be exploited when separating and purifying the compound.
- ** Redox property **: The amino group is easily oxidized, and when encountering strong oxidants, the amino group may be oxidized to nitro or other nitrogen oxides. At the same time, if there is a suitable reducing agent in the system, the chlorine atom on the benzene ring can be reduced and removed, or the benzene ring can undergo hydrogenation and reduction reactions. For example, under specific catalytic hydrogenation conditions, the benzene ring can be partially or completely hydrogenated to generate the corresponding saturated or partially saturated nitrogenous and chlorine compounds.
What is the production method of 1 - amino - 4 - chlorobenzene
1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene, also known as p-chloroaniline, is an important organic chemical raw material and is widely used in dyes, medicine, pesticides and other fields. There are various preparation methods. Although this specific preparation method is not included in "Tiangong Kaizi", a similar idea can be deduced according to the ancient chemical process principle and later chemical development.
First, it can be prepared by reducing p-nitrochlorobenzene. In ancient methods, metals and acids were often used as reducing agents. If iron filings and hydrochloric acid were used as reducing agents, p-nitrochlorobenzene was co-heated with iron filings and hydrochloric acid. Iron filings were dissolved by hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen, and hydrogen reduced nitro groups to amino groups to obtain 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene. This reaction is carried out in a special reactor. Temperature control and speed control are required to ensure a smooth reaction and product purity. The reaction is roughly as follows: p-nitrochlorobenzene encounters hydrogen, and the nitrogen and oxygen double bonds in the nitro group are attacked by hydrogen atoms, and gradually converted into amino groups. Iron filings serve as hydrogen source carriers to accelerate the reaction.
Second, aniline is used as raw material and prepared by chlorination reaction. Although there are no modern precision chlorination reagents in ancient times, chlorine gas or chlorine-containing chlorinated compounds can be used. If aniline is placed in a specific reaction vessel and dry chlorine gas is introduced, under the action of suitable temperature and catalyst (such as iron powder, etc.), chlorine gas and aniline undergo electrophilic substitution reaction, and chlorine atoms replace benzene ring para-hydrogen atoms to generate 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene. During the reaction, it is necessary to strictly control the flow rate and reaction temperature of chlorine gas. Due to the reactivity of aniline, excessive chlorination is prone to polychlorinated compounds.
Preparation of 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene, no matter what method, the reaction conditions need to be carefully controlled, from the selection of raw materials, ratio to reaction temperature and time, all of which are related to product quality and yield. Although the ancient process is different from the modern one, the basic principles of chemistry are similar, and subsequent generations have continuously optimized on this basis to make the preparation process more efficient and environmentally friendly.
First, it can be prepared by reducing p-nitrochlorobenzene. In ancient methods, metals and acids were often used as reducing agents. If iron filings and hydrochloric acid were used as reducing agents, p-nitrochlorobenzene was co-heated with iron filings and hydrochloric acid. Iron filings were dissolved by hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen, and hydrogen reduced nitro groups to amino groups to obtain 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene. This reaction is carried out in a special reactor. Temperature control and speed control are required to ensure a smooth reaction and product purity. The reaction is roughly as follows: p-nitrochlorobenzene encounters hydrogen, and the nitrogen and oxygen double bonds in the nitro group are attacked by hydrogen atoms, and gradually converted into amino groups. Iron filings serve as hydrogen source carriers to accelerate the reaction.
Second, aniline is used as raw material and prepared by chlorination reaction. Although there are no modern precision chlorination reagents in ancient times, chlorine gas or chlorine-containing chlorinated compounds can be used. If aniline is placed in a specific reaction vessel and dry chlorine gas is introduced, under the action of suitable temperature and catalyst (such as iron powder, etc.), chlorine gas and aniline undergo electrophilic substitution reaction, and chlorine atoms replace benzene ring para-hydrogen atoms to generate 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene. During the reaction, it is necessary to strictly control the flow rate and reaction temperature of chlorine gas. Due to the reactivity of aniline, excessive chlorination is prone to polychlorinated compounds.
Preparation of 1-amino-4-chlorobenzene, no matter what method, the reaction conditions need to be carefully controlled, from the selection of raw materials, ratio to reaction temperature and time, all of which are related to product quality and yield. Although the ancient process is different from the modern one, the basic principles of chemistry are similar, and subsequent generations have continuously optimized on this basis to make the preparation process more efficient and environmentally friendly.
What are the precautions for using 1 - amino - 4 - chlorobenzene
For 1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene, many things should be paid attention to when using it.
First, it is toxic and related to human health, so it must be handled with caution. Users need to wear suitable protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, gas masks, etc., to prevent contact with skin and eyes, and to prevent inhalation of its vapor or dust. If you accidentally touch it, rinse it with plenty of water immediately. If the situation is serious, seek medical attention urgently.
Second, 1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene is flammable. When storing and using, keep it away from fire, heat, and direct sunlight. The storage place should be a cool and well-ventilated place, and it should be stored separately from oxidants and acids to avoid dangerous reactions.
Furthermore, this substance may be harmful to the environment. During use, do not dump waste containing it at will, and must be properly disposed of in accordance with relevant regulations to prevent pollution of soil, water sources and other environmental elements. After use, the utensils used should also be carefully cleaned to remove residues, so as not to affect subsequent use or cause environmental pollution.
In addition, when using, be sure to strictly follow the established operating procedures and dosage requirements. Do not change the method and dosage without authorization to prevent accidents or affect the effect of use. At the same time, the place of use should have good ventilation equipment to reduce its concentration in the air and reduce hazards.
First, it is toxic and related to human health, so it must be handled with caution. Users need to wear suitable protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, gas masks, etc., to prevent contact with skin and eyes, and to prevent inhalation of its vapor or dust. If you accidentally touch it, rinse it with plenty of water immediately. If the situation is serious, seek medical attention urgently.
Second, 1-Amino-4-chlorobenzene is flammable. When storing and using, keep it away from fire, heat, and direct sunlight. The storage place should be a cool and well-ventilated place, and it should be stored separately from oxidants and acids to avoid dangerous reactions.
Furthermore, this substance may be harmful to the environment. During use, do not dump waste containing it at will, and must be properly disposed of in accordance with relevant regulations to prevent pollution of soil, water sources and other environmental elements. After use, the utensils used should also be carefully cleaned to remove residues, so as not to affect subsequent use or cause environmental pollution.
In addition, when using, be sure to strictly follow the established operating procedures and dosage requirements. Do not change the method and dosage without authorization to prevent accidents or affect the effect of use. At the same time, the place of use should have good ventilation equipment to reduce its concentration in the air and reduce hazards.
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