Linshang Chemical
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1-Chloro-2-Fluorobenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
516383 |
| Chemical Formula | C6H4ClF |
| Molar Mass | 128.547 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Characteristic aromatic odor |
| Density | 1.22 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | 136 - 138 °C |
| Melting Point | -35 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in many organic solvents like ethanol, ether |
| Flash Point | 32 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | 1.33 kPa (20.4 °C) |
| Refractive Index | 1.5045 |
As an accredited 1-Chloro-2-Fluorobenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 1 - chloro - 2 - fluorobenzene packaged in 5 - liter drums for safe storage and transport. |
| Storage | 1 - Chloro - 2 - fluorobenzene should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area away from heat, sparks, and open flames as it is flammable. Keep it in a tightly closed container to prevent vapor release. Store it separately from oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases to avoid potential reactions. Ensure the storage area has proper spill - containment measures. |
| Shipping | 1 - Chloro - 2 - fluorobenzene, a hazardous chemical, must be shipped in accordance with strict regulations. It should be in well - sealed, corrosion - resistant containers, properly labeled, and transported by carriers approved for such chemicals to ensure safety during transit. |
Competitive 1-Chloro-2-Fluorobenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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What are the chemical properties of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-2-fluorobenzene is also an organic compound. Its chemical properties are unique and play an important role in many chemical reactions.
In this compound, the presence of chlorine and fluorine atoms makes it have special activity. Chlorine atoms have a certain nucleophilic substitution activity. In case of nucleophilic reagents, such as hydroxyl negative ions (OH), alkoxy negative ions (RO), etc., chlorine atoms can be replaced. When co-heated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, chlorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups to form 2-fluorophenol. The mechanism of the reaction is that the nucleophilic reagent attacks the carbon atom connected to the chlorine atom, and the chlorine atom leaves with a pair of electrons to complete the substitution.
Although fluorine atoms have strong electronegativity, the reactions they participate in are also unique. Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine atoms, the electron cloud density of benzene ring decreases, and the activity of benzene ring is lower than that of benzene in the electrophilic substitution reaction. For example, when nitrification is carried out, the required conditions are more stringent, and the main product is the meta-substitution. Because of the neighbor of fluorine atoms, the electron cloud density of the para-site decreases more significantly, and the electrophilic reagents are more likely to attack the meta-site.
1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene can still participate in metal-catalyzed reactions. Under palladium catalysis, it can be coupled with boron-containing reagents, such as Suzuki coupling reaction This reaction can form carbon-carbon bonds, which is an important method in organic synthesis and can be used to prepare more complex organic compounds.
In addition, it can also participate in reduction reactions. Under the action of appropriate reducing agents, the chlorine and fluorine atoms on the benzene ring can be reduced and removed, or the benzene ring itself can be partially reduced to generate different reduction products, which also depends on the reaction conditions and the type of reducing agent used. In short, the characteristics of 1-chloro-2-fluorophenylbenzene chlorine and fluorine atoms exhibit diverse chemical properties and are widely used in the field of organic synthesis.
In this compound, the presence of chlorine and fluorine atoms makes it have special activity. Chlorine atoms have a certain nucleophilic substitution activity. In case of nucleophilic reagents, such as hydroxyl negative ions (OH), alkoxy negative ions (RO), etc., chlorine atoms can be replaced. When co-heated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, chlorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups to form 2-fluorophenol. The mechanism of the reaction is that the nucleophilic reagent attacks the carbon atom connected to the chlorine atom, and the chlorine atom leaves with a pair of electrons to complete the substitution.
Although fluorine atoms have strong electronegativity, the reactions they participate in are also unique. Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of fluorine atoms, the electron cloud density of benzene ring decreases, and the activity of benzene ring is lower than that of benzene in the electrophilic substitution reaction. For example, when nitrification is carried out, the required conditions are more stringent, and the main product is the meta-substitution. Because of the neighbor of fluorine atoms, the electron cloud density of the para-site decreases more significantly, and the electrophilic reagents are more likely to attack the meta-site.
1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene can still participate in metal-catalyzed reactions. Under palladium catalysis, it can be coupled with boron-containing reagents, such as Suzuki coupling reaction This reaction can form carbon-carbon bonds, which is an important method in organic synthesis and can be used to prepare more complex organic compounds.
In addition, it can also participate in reduction reactions. Under the action of appropriate reducing agents, the chlorine and fluorine atoms on the benzene ring can be reduced and removed, or the benzene ring itself can be partially reduced to generate different reduction products, which also depends on the reaction conditions and the type of reducing agent used. In short, the characteristics of 1-chloro-2-fluorophenylbenzene chlorine and fluorine atoms exhibit diverse chemical properties and are widely used in the field of organic synthesis.
What are the main uses of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-2-fluorobenzene is also an organic compound. Its main use involves many fields.
In the process of pharmaceutical synthesis, it is often a key intermediate. In terms of the preparation of specific drugs, with its unique chemical structure, it can participate in a series of chemical reactions, and after ingenious transformation, it can build a drug activity skeleton. For example, when synthesizing some drugs with antibacterial and antiviral effects, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene can be used as a starting material. After reaction steps such as halogenation and substitution, other functional groups are gradually introduced to eventually form the required drug molecules.
In the field of pesticide creation, it also plays an important role. The synthesis of some high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides relies on it as the basic raw material. Its structure endows the compound with specific biological activity and stability, and can act on specific physiological targets of pests, such as interfering with the nervous system of pests or inhibiting their growth and development, achieving the purpose of pest control, and has a relatively small impact on the environment.
In the field of materials science, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene also contributes. When synthesizing special polymer materials, it can participate in the polymerization reaction as a functional monomer. After polymerization, its special structure is introduced into the polymer chain, giving the material excellent properties such as chemical resistance and high temperature resistance. It is widely used in aerospace, electronics and other fields that require strict material properties.
In addition, in the study of organic synthesis chemistry, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is a common reagent. Researchers use it to participate in various reactions, explore new reaction paths, expand organic synthesis methodologies, and contribute to the development of organic chemistry. Due to the existence of chlorine and fluorine atoms, it can trigger various reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution, metal catalytic coupling, etc., providing rich strategies for the construction of organic molecules.
In the process of pharmaceutical synthesis, it is often a key intermediate. In terms of the preparation of specific drugs, with its unique chemical structure, it can participate in a series of chemical reactions, and after ingenious transformation, it can build a drug activity skeleton. For example, when synthesizing some drugs with antibacterial and antiviral effects, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene can be used as a starting material. After reaction steps such as halogenation and substitution, other functional groups are gradually introduced to eventually form the required drug molecules.
In the field of pesticide creation, it also plays an important role. The synthesis of some high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides relies on it as the basic raw material. Its structure endows the compound with specific biological activity and stability, and can act on specific physiological targets of pests, such as interfering with the nervous system of pests or inhibiting their growth and development, achieving the purpose of pest control, and has a relatively small impact on the environment.
In the field of materials science, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene also contributes. When synthesizing special polymer materials, it can participate in the polymerization reaction as a functional monomer. After polymerization, its special structure is introduced into the polymer chain, giving the material excellent properties such as chemical resistance and high temperature resistance. It is widely used in aerospace, electronics and other fields that require strict material properties.
In addition, in the study of organic synthesis chemistry, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is a common reagent. Researchers use it to participate in various reactions, explore new reaction paths, expand organic synthesis methodologies, and contribute to the development of organic chemistry. Due to the existence of chlorine and fluorine atoms, it can trigger various reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution, metal catalytic coupling, etc., providing rich strategies for the construction of organic molecules.
What are 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene synthesis methods?
The synthesis method of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is ancient, and there are various methods, each with ingenuity.
First, o-fluoroaniline is used as the starting material and can be obtained by diazotization and chlorination. In this process, o-fluoroaniline is first reacted with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperature to undergo diazotization to generate diazonium salts. The diazonium salt is extremely unstable and needs to be reacted immediately with chlorinated reagents such as cuprous chloride to replace the diazoyl group with chlorine atoms to obtain 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene. The steps of this method are more cumbersome, and the diazotization reaction requires strict control of temperature and reaction conditions to prevent the decomposition of diazonium salts. However, its selectivity is better and the yield is more considerable.
Second, it can be synthesized by the reaction of o-chlorophenylboronic acid with fluorinated reagents. First prepare o-chlorophenylboronic acid, and then react with suitable fluorinated reagents, such as Selectfluor, in the presence of bases. This reaction condition is relatively mild, the operation is relatively simple, and the requirements for reaction equipment are not strict. And the properties of boric acid compounds are relatively stable, easy to store and operate, so this method has considerable application value. However, the price of fluorinated reagents is more expensive, resulting in increased production costs.
Third, using benzene as raw material, the target product is constructed through multi-step reaction. First, the benzene is chlorinated to introduce chlorine atoms to obtain chlorobenzene. Then through nitration reaction, the nitro group is introduced at the ortho-chlorobenzene position. Then the nitro group is reduced to amino group to obtain o-chloroaniline. After diazotization and fluorination reaction, the amino group is converted into fluorine atoms, and finally 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is obtained. Although this route has many steps and a long process, the raw material benzene is widely sourced and inexpensive. If the reaction conditions of each step can be optimized and the reaction yield can be improved, it also has the potential for industrial production.
All kinds of synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they need to be selected according to actual needs, such as cost considerations, product purity requirements, production scale and other factors.
First, o-fluoroaniline is used as the starting material and can be obtained by diazotization and chlorination. In this process, o-fluoroaniline is first reacted with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperature to undergo diazotization to generate diazonium salts. The diazonium salt is extremely unstable and needs to be reacted immediately with chlorinated reagents such as cuprous chloride to replace the diazoyl group with chlorine atoms to obtain 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene. The steps of this method are more cumbersome, and the diazotization reaction requires strict control of temperature and reaction conditions to prevent the decomposition of diazonium salts. However, its selectivity is better and the yield is more considerable.
Second, it can be synthesized by the reaction of o-chlorophenylboronic acid with fluorinated reagents. First prepare o-chlorophenylboronic acid, and then react with suitable fluorinated reagents, such as Selectfluor, in the presence of bases. This reaction condition is relatively mild, the operation is relatively simple, and the requirements for reaction equipment are not strict. And the properties of boric acid compounds are relatively stable, easy to store and operate, so this method has considerable application value. However, the price of fluorinated reagents is more expensive, resulting in increased production costs.
Third, using benzene as raw material, the target product is constructed through multi-step reaction. First, the benzene is chlorinated to introduce chlorine atoms to obtain chlorobenzene. Then through nitration reaction, the nitro group is introduced at the ortho-chlorobenzene position. Then the nitro group is reduced to amino group to obtain o-chloroaniline. After diazotization and fluorination reaction, the amino group is converted into fluorine atoms, and finally 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is obtained. Although this route has many steps and a long process, the raw material benzene is widely sourced and inexpensive. If the reaction conditions of each step can be optimized and the reaction yield can be improved, it also has the potential for industrial production.
All kinds of synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they need to be selected according to actual needs, such as cost considerations, product purity requirements, production scale and other factors.
1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene what are the precautions in storage and transportation?
1-Chloro-2-fluorobenzene is an organic compound. When storing and transporting, many matters need to be paid attention to.
Safety first. This compound is toxic and irritating, touching the human body, or causing damage to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Therefore, when storing, it should be placed in a cool and well-ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, and avoid mixed storage with oxidants, acids, alkalis, etc. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaks.
When transporting, make sure that the container is sealed and there is no risk of leakage. The transportation vehicle should be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. During driving, it should be protected from exposure to the sun, rain and high temperature. During road transportation, it should be driven according to the specified route, and do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas.
Times and packaging. Packaging materials must have good sealing and corrosion resistance to prevent leakage. Commonly used packaging includes glass bottle outer cover wooden box or calcium plastic box lined with gasket, and iron drum packaging. On the packaging, the name of the chemical, dangerous characteristics, warning signs and other information should be clearly marked.
Furthermore, during storage and transportation, relevant operators must undergo special training and strictly abide by the operating procedures. When touching this object, appropriate protective equipment should be worn, such as gas masks, chemical safety protective glasses, rubber gloves, etc.
In addition, it is necessary to closely monitor the temperature, humidity and other conditions of the storage environment, and regularly check the integrity and sealing of the container. If a leak is detected, personnel from the contaminated area of the leak should be quickly evacuated to the safe area, and quarantined, and access should be strictly restricted. Emergency responders must wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-toxic clothing to cut off the source of the leak as much as possible. In the case of a small leak, it can be absorbed by sand, vermiculite or other inert materials; in the case of a large leak, build a dike or dig a pit for containment, cover it with foam to reduce steam disasters, and then transfer it to a tanker or a special collector for recycling or transportation to a waste treatment site for disposal. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the safety of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene during storage and transportation.
Safety first. This compound is toxic and irritating, touching the human body, or causing damage to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Therefore, when storing, it should be placed in a cool and well-ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, and avoid mixed storage with oxidants, acids, alkalis, etc. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaks.
When transporting, make sure that the container is sealed and there is no risk of leakage. The transportation vehicle should be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. During driving, it should be protected from exposure to the sun, rain and high temperature. During road transportation, it should be driven according to the specified route, and do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas.
Times and packaging. Packaging materials must have good sealing and corrosion resistance to prevent leakage. Commonly used packaging includes glass bottle outer cover wooden box or calcium plastic box lined with gasket, and iron drum packaging. On the packaging, the name of the chemical, dangerous characteristics, warning signs and other information should be clearly marked.
Furthermore, during storage and transportation, relevant operators must undergo special training and strictly abide by the operating procedures. When touching this object, appropriate protective equipment should be worn, such as gas masks, chemical safety protective glasses, rubber gloves, etc.
In addition, it is necessary to closely monitor the temperature, humidity and other conditions of the storage environment, and regularly check the integrity and sealing of the container. If a leak is detected, personnel from the contaminated area of the leak should be quickly evacuated to the safe area, and quarantined, and access should be strictly restricted. Emergency responders must wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-toxic clothing to cut off the source of the leak as much as possible. In the case of a small leak, it can be absorbed by sand, vermiculite or other inert materials; in the case of a large leak, build a dike or dig a pit for containment, cover it with foam to reduce steam disasters, and then transfer it to a tanker or a special collector for recycling or transportation to a waste treatment site for disposal. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the safety of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene during storage and transportation.
What are the effects of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene on the environment and human health?
1-Chloro-2-fluorobenzene is also an organic compound. The impact on the environment and human health is of great concern to the world.
In terms of the environment, it has a certain stability and is not easy to degrade. If released into the atmosphere, it can be transported over a long period of time, causing a wide range of pollution. And because it is insoluble in water and easily adsorbed on soil particles, it can remain in the soil for a long time, destroying the soil ecosystem and affecting the growth of vegetation. After entering the water body, it can be enriched through the food chain, endangering aquatic organisms, and then affecting the entire aquatic ecological balance.
As for human health, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene has potential harm to the human body. Inhalation through the respiratory tract, skin contact or accidental ingestion can cause adverse consequences. Inhalation can irritate the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as cough and asthma. Long-term exposure may damage the nervous system, causing dizziness, fatigue, memory loss, etc. And because of its fat solubility, it is easy to accumulate in human adipose tissue, or interfere with the endocrine system, which has adverse effects on reproduction and development. In animal experiments, it has been seen that it causes damage to liver, kidney and other organs.
Therefore, for 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene compounds, their production, use and discharge should be treated with caution, and their production, use and emission should be strictly controlled to ensure the safety of the environment and personal health.
In terms of the environment, it has a certain stability and is not easy to degrade. If released into the atmosphere, it can be transported over a long period of time, causing a wide range of pollution. And because it is insoluble in water and easily adsorbed on soil particles, it can remain in the soil for a long time, destroying the soil ecosystem and affecting the growth of vegetation. After entering the water body, it can be enriched through the food chain, endangering aquatic organisms, and then affecting the entire aquatic ecological balance.
As for human health, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene has potential harm to the human body. Inhalation through the respiratory tract, skin contact or accidental ingestion can cause adverse consequences. Inhalation can irritate the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as cough and asthma. Long-term exposure may damage the nervous system, causing dizziness, fatigue, memory loss, etc. And because of its fat solubility, it is easy to accumulate in human adipose tissue, or interfere with the endocrine system, which has adverse effects on reproduction and development. In animal experiments, it has been seen that it causes damage to liver, kidney and other organs.
Therefore, for 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene compounds, their production, use and discharge should be treated with caution, and their production, use and emission should be strictly controlled to ensure the safety of the environment and personal health.
What are the main uses of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-2-fluorobenzene is also an organic compound. It has a wide range of uses and is involved in various fields of chemical industry.
It is often a key intermediate in the synthesis of medicine. Because of its unique molecular structure, it can introduce other functional groups through various chemical reactions, and then build a complex pharmaceutical molecular structure. Taking the synthesis of a new type of antibacterial drug as an example, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is coupled with a specific nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound through a series of steps such as halogenation reaction and nucleophilic substitution reaction, and then becomes a molecule with antibacterial activity, which contributes to the creation of medicine.
In the field of pesticides, it also plays an important role. It can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides. After chemical modification, pesticides can be endowed with specific biological activity and selectivity. For example, the synthesis of pesticides against some stubborn pests, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene, through multi-step reaction, is connected to phosphorus or sulfur-containing functional groups, and the resulting insecticides are highly toxic to target pests, but less toxic to environmental organisms and humans and animals, which is in line with the current trend of green pesticide development.
Furthermore, in the field of materials science, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is also promising. The special polymer materials involved in the synthesis have unique physical and chemical properties. It can enhance the heat resistance and corrosion resistance of materials, and can be used to make insulating materials for high-end electronic devices, or protective coatings for chemical equipment to improve the performance and service life of materials.
In summary, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene plays an indispensable role in many chemical related fields such as medicine, pesticides, materials science, etc., and has made great contributions to promoting technological progress and development in various fields.
It is often a key intermediate in the synthesis of medicine. Because of its unique molecular structure, it can introduce other functional groups through various chemical reactions, and then build a complex pharmaceutical molecular structure. Taking the synthesis of a new type of antibacterial drug as an example, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is coupled with a specific nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound through a series of steps such as halogenation reaction and nucleophilic substitution reaction, and then becomes a molecule with antibacterial activity, which contributes to the creation of medicine.
In the field of pesticides, it also plays an important role. It can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides. After chemical modification, pesticides can be endowed with specific biological activity and selectivity. For example, the synthesis of pesticides against some stubborn pests, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene, through multi-step reaction, is connected to phosphorus or sulfur-containing functional groups, and the resulting insecticides are highly toxic to target pests, but less toxic to environmental organisms and humans and animals, which is in line with the current trend of green pesticide development.
Furthermore, in the field of materials science, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is also promising. The special polymer materials involved in the synthesis have unique physical and chemical properties. It can enhance the heat resistance and corrosion resistance of materials, and can be used to make insulating materials for high-end electronic devices, or protective coatings for chemical equipment to improve the performance and service life of materials.
In summary, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene plays an indispensable role in many chemical related fields such as medicine, pesticides, materials science, etc., and has made great contributions to promoting technological progress and development in various fields.
What are the physical properties of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-2-fluorobenzene is one of the organic compounds. Its physical properties are quite impressive.
First of all, its appearance, under room temperature and pressure, is often colorless to light yellow transparent liquid, clear and free of impurities, and the appearance is very clear.
As for its smell, it has a special aromatic smell, but this aroma is not pleasant and fragrant. It has a slightly pungent smell, and it is alarming to smell.
Its boiling point is about 150-152 ° C. The boiling point is the critical temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gaseous. The boiling point of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is in this range, indicating that such a temperature is required to vaporize it.
In terms of melting point, it is about -27 ° C. The melting point is the temperature limit at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state. At this temperature, the compound takes the shape of a solid state.
The density is about 1.25 g/cm ³, which is heavier than water. If it is mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water, because its density is higher than that of water.
In terms of solubility, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is slightly soluble in water, but it can be miscible with many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. This solubility makes it unique in the field of organic synthesis.
In addition, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene has a certain volatility and can evaporate slowly in the air. This property also affects its existence and behavior in the environment.
In summary, the physical properties of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene are of great significance for its application in many fields such as chemical industry and medicine, providing a foundation for related research and practice.
First of all, its appearance, under room temperature and pressure, is often colorless to light yellow transparent liquid, clear and free of impurities, and the appearance is very clear.
As for its smell, it has a special aromatic smell, but this aroma is not pleasant and fragrant. It has a slightly pungent smell, and it is alarming to smell.
Its boiling point is about 150-152 ° C. The boiling point is the critical temperature at which a substance changes from liquid to gaseous. The boiling point of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is in this range, indicating that such a temperature is required to vaporize it.
In terms of melting point, it is about -27 ° C. The melting point is the temperature limit at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state. At this temperature, the compound takes the shape of a solid state.
The density is about 1.25 g/cm ³, which is heavier than water. If it is mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water, because its density is higher than that of water.
In terms of solubility, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene is slightly soluble in water, but it can be miscible with many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. This solubility makes it unique in the field of organic synthesis.
In addition, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene has a certain volatility and can evaporate slowly in the air. This property also affects its existence and behavior in the environment.
In summary, the physical properties of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene are of great significance for its application in many fields such as chemical industry and medicine, providing a foundation for related research and practice.
Is 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene chemically stable?
The chemical properties of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene are stable to a certain extent. In this compound, chlorine atoms and fluorine atoms are firmly bonded to the benzene ring through covalent bonds. The benzene ring itself has a special conjugate system, which gives it considerable stability.
In terms of chemical reactivity, although the benzene ring has a tendency to electrophilic substitution, the presence of chlorine and fluorine atoms in 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene affects the reactivity. Both chlorine and fluorine are electron-withdrawing groups, which will reduce the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, thereby making the electrophilic substitution reaction more difficult than benzene. For example, in the common nitrification reaction, more severe reaction conditions are required than benzene to promote the successful introduction of nitro groups into the benzene ring.
In addition, the carbon-chlorine bond and the carbon-fluorine bond have a certain strength, and a considerable amount of energy is required to break them. Under normal conditions, these two are not easy to spontaneously dissociate and cause changes in compounds. However, at high temperatures, under the action of specific catalysts or strong chemical reagents, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene can still participate in a series of reactions. For example, in some nucleophilic substitution reactions, chlorine or fluorine atoms on the benzene ring can be replaced by other nucleophilic reagents. But in general, if there is no suitable external conditions to help, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene has relatively stable chemical properties at room temperature and pressure and in a conventional environment, and is not prone to significant chemical transformation.
In terms of chemical reactivity, although the benzene ring has a tendency to electrophilic substitution, the presence of chlorine and fluorine atoms in 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene affects the reactivity. Both chlorine and fluorine are electron-withdrawing groups, which will reduce the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, thereby making the electrophilic substitution reaction more difficult than benzene. For example, in the common nitrification reaction, more severe reaction conditions are required than benzene to promote the successful introduction of nitro groups into the benzene ring.
In addition, the carbon-chlorine bond and the carbon-fluorine bond have a certain strength, and a considerable amount of energy is required to break them. Under normal conditions, these two are not easy to spontaneously dissociate and cause changes in compounds. However, at high temperatures, under the action of specific catalysts or strong chemical reagents, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene can still participate in a series of reactions. For example, in some nucleophilic substitution reactions, chlorine or fluorine atoms on the benzene ring can be replaced by other nucleophilic reagents. But in general, if there is no suitable external conditions to help, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene has relatively stable chemical properties at room temperature and pressure and in a conventional environment, and is not prone to significant chemical transformation.
What are the applications of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene in synthesis?
1-Chloro-2-fluorobenzene is widely used in the field of organic synthesis.
First, it can be used to create pesticides. Due to the structure of halogenated aromatics, it is endowed with specific biological activities. It can connect different functional groups through specific reactions to construct pesticide molecules with insecticidal, bactericidal or herbicidal effects. For example, by condensing with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, new pesticides can be generated, which can effectively kill common crop pests, and has little impact on the environment. It has the characteristics of high efficiency and low toxicity.
Second, it is also indispensable in the field of pharmaceutical synthesis. Its structure can be used as a key intermediate and participate in the construction of many drug molecules. For example, by reacting with compounds containing active groups, drugs with specific pharmacological activities, such as therapeutics for certain neurological or cardiovascular diseases, can be synthesized. Because it can provide a unique chemical environment, it is conducive to the formation of stable and physiologically active structures.
Furthermore, in the field of materials science, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene also has applications. Special polymer materials can be prepared by polymerization or copolymerization with other monomers. Such materials may have excellent thermal and chemical stability, and can be used to manufacture high-performance components required in the aerospace field, or insulating materials that require chemical stability in electronic devices.
In addition, in dye synthesis, it can be used as a starting material to prepare dyes with bright colors and good light resistance by introducing various chromogenic groups. After a series of chemical reactions, the molecular structure is adjusted to optimize the performance of dyes to meet the needs of high-quality dyes in textile, printing and other industries. In short, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene plays an important role in many synthetic fields due to its unique structure.
First, it can be used to create pesticides. Due to the structure of halogenated aromatics, it is endowed with specific biological activities. It can connect different functional groups through specific reactions to construct pesticide molecules with insecticidal, bactericidal or herbicidal effects. For example, by condensing with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, new pesticides can be generated, which can effectively kill common crop pests, and has little impact on the environment. It has the characteristics of high efficiency and low toxicity.
Second, it is also indispensable in the field of pharmaceutical synthesis. Its structure can be used as a key intermediate and participate in the construction of many drug molecules. For example, by reacting with compounds containing active groups, drugs with specific pharmacological activities, such as therapeutics for certain neurological or cardiovascular diseases, can be synthesized. Because it can provide a unique chemical environment, it is conducive to the formation of stable and physiologically active structures.
Furthermore, in the field of materials science, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene also has applications. Special polymer materials can be prepared by polymerization or copolymerization with other monomers. Such materials may have excellent thermal and chemical stability, and can be used to manufacture high-performance components required in the aerospace field, or insulating materials that require chemical stability in electronic devices.
In addition, in dye synthesis, it can be used as a starting material to prepare dyes with bright colors and good light resistance by introducing various chromogenic groups. After a series of chemical reactions, the molecular structure is adjusted to optimize the performance of dyes to meet the needs of high-quality dyes in textile, printing and other industries. In short, 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene plays an important role in many synthetic fields due to its unique structure.
What are the preparation methods of 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-2-fluorobenzene, organic compounds are also prepared by different methods, and there are several common ones listed below:
First, o-fluoroaniline is used as the starting material and can be obtained by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, the o-fluoroaniline reacts with sodium nitrite in an acidic environment to form a diazonium salt. During this process, the reaction temperature must be paid attention to, and it should be controlled at a low temperature to prevent the decomposition of the diazonium salt. Then, the resulting diazonium salt is co-heated with the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride, and the diazonium group is then replaced by a chlorine atom to obtain 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene. Although this approach is complex, the selectivity is quite good, and the yield can be observed.
Second, it is prepared by the reaction of o-chlorophenylboronic acid with a fluorinated reagent. First, the Grignard reagent is prepared by the reaction of o-chlorobromobenzene and magnesium chips, and then reacted with borate esters to obtain o-chlorophenylboronic acid. Subsequently, the o-chlorophenylboronic acid is reacted with a fluorinated reagent, such as Selectfluor, in the presence of an appropriate base and solvent. This reaction condition is mild, environmentally friendly, and can avoid the use of highly toxic fluorides, but the fluorinated reagents are expensive or increase the preparation cost.
Third, using benzene as the starting material, chlorine and fluorine atoms are introduced step by step through a halogen First, benzene is chlorinated, and ferric chloride is used as a catalyst to react benzene with chlorine gas to obtain chlorobenzene. Then, chlorobenzene is used as a substrate to react with fluorinated reagents under specific conditions. This process requires precise control of the reaction conditions. Due to the positioning effect of the substituent on the benzene ring, the substitution positions of chlorine and fluorine atoms can be affected. If the conditions are improper, or a mixture of various isomers is obtained, separation and purification are cumbersome.
The above preparation methods have advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, it is necessary to comprehensively weigh factors such as the availability of raw materials, cost, yield and product purity to choose the optimal method.
First, o-fluoroaniline is used as the starting material and can be obtained by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, the o-fluoroaniline reacts with sodium nitrite in an acidic environment to form a diazonium salt. During this process, the reaction temperature must be paid attention to, and it should be controlled at a low temperature to prevent the decomposition of the diazonium salt. Then, the resulting diazonium salt is co-heated with the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride, and the diazonium group is then replaced by a chlorine atom to obtain 1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene. Although this approach is complex, the selectivity is quite good, and the yield can be observed.
Second, it is prepared by the reaction of o-chlorophenylboronic acid with a fluorinated reagent. First, the Grignard reagent is prepared by the reaction of o-chlorobromobenzene and magnesium chips, and then reacted with borate esters to obtain o-chlorophenylboronic acid. Subsequently, the o-chlorophenylboronic acid is reacted with a fluorinated reagent, such as Selectfluor, in the presence of an appropriate base and solvent. This reaction condition is mild, environmentally friendly, and can avoid the use of highly toxic fluorides, but the fluorinated reagents are expensive or increase the preparation cost.
Third, using benzene as the starting material, chlorine and fluorine atoms are introduced step by step through a halogen First, benzene is chlorinated, and ferric chloride is used as a catalyst to react benzene with chlorine gas to obtain chlorobenzene. Then, chlorobenzene is used as a substrate to react with fluorinated reagents under specific conditions. This process requires precise control of the reaction conditions. Due to the positioning effect of the substituent on the benzene ring, the substitution positions of chlorine and fluorine atoms can be affected. If the conditions are improper, or a mixture of various isomers is obtained, separation and purification are cumbersome.
The above preparation methods have advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, it is necessary to comprehensively weigh factors such as the availability of raw materials, cost, yield and product purity to choose the optimal method.
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