Linshang Chemical
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1-Chloro-2-Methylbenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
790663 |
| Chemical Formula | C7H7Cl |
| Molar Mass | 126.58 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to light - yellow liquid |
| Odor | Aromatic odor |
| Density | 1.082 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Boiling Point | 160 - 162 °C |
| Melting Point | -35.6 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene, etc. |
| Flash Point | 44 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | 1.33 kPa at 43.8 °C |
As an accredited 1-Chloro-2-Methylbenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 1 - chloro - 2 - methylbenzene packaged in 5 - liter containers. |
| Storage | 1 - Chloro - 2 - methylbenzene should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area away from heat sources and ignition points. It should be kept in tightly sealed containers to prevent vapor leakage. Store it separately from oxidizing agents, acids, and bases. Adequate safety signage should be present, and the storage area should be designed to contain spills if they occur. |
| Shipping | 1 - Chloro - 2 - methylbenzene is shipped in tightly - sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. These are carefully packed to prevent leakage during transit, following strict hazardous chemical shipping regulations to ensure safety. |
Competitive 1-Chloro-2-Methylbenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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What are the main uses of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, is one of the organic compounds. This substance has a wide range of uses and has important applications in many fields.
First in the field of chemical synthesis. It can be used as a key intermediate for the preparation of a variety of fine chemicals. For example, in the synthesis of pesticides, it can be converted into high-efficiency insecticides and fungicides through specific chemical reactions. The chemical structure of o-chlorotoluene gives it special reactivity and can participate in various substitution, addition and other reactions, and then construct complex pesticide molecular structures to meet the needs of agricultural production for pest control.
In addition, it has also made outstanding contributions in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. It is often used as a starting material for the synthesis of drugs. The construction of many drug molecules needs to be based on o-chlorotoluene, and specific functional groups are introduced through multi-step reactions to obtain drugs with therapeutic effects. For example, in the synthesis of some antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, o-chlorotoluene is an indispensable raw material.
In addition, it also plays an important role in the dye industry. Can be used as an intermediary for synthetic dyes. Transform it into dye molecules with specific colors and properties by means of chemical reactions. Because the dyes derived from o-chlorotoluene often have good color fastness and bright color, they are widely used in textile printing and dyeing industries to meet people's diverse needs for fabric color.
In the fragrance industry, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is not directly used as a fragrance, but can be used as a raw material for synthesizing fragrances. Through a series of reactions, fragrance compounds with unique aromas are generated, adding fascinating aromas to perfumes, cosmetics, etc.
In summary, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene plays a pivotal role in many fields such as chemical synthesis, medicine, dyes and fragrances, and plays a key role in promoting the development of related industries.
First in the field of chemical synthesis. It can be used as a key intermediate for the preparation of a variety of fine chemicals. For example, in the synthesis of pesticides, it can be converted into high-efficiency insecticides and fungicides through specific chemical reactions. The chemical structure of o-chlorotoluene gives it special reactivity and can participate in various substitution, addition and other reactions, and then construct complex pesticide molecular structures to meet the needs of agricultural production for pest control.
In addition, it has also made outstanding contributions in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. It is often used as a starting material for the synthesis of drugs. The construction of many drug molecules needs to be based on o-chlorotoluene, and specific functional groups are introduced through multi-step reactions to obtain drugs with therapeutic effects. For example, in the synthesis of some antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, o-chlorotoluene is an indispensable raw material.
In addition, it also plays an important role in the dye industry. Can be used as an intermediary for synthetic dyes. Transform it into dye molecules with specific colors and properties by means of chemical reactions. Because the dyes derived from o-chlorotoluene often have good color fastness and bright color, they are widely used in textile printing and dyeing industries to meet people's diverse needs for fabric color.
In the fragrance industry, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is not directly used as a fragrance, but can be used as a raw material for synthesizing fragrances. Through a series of reactions, fragrance compounds with unique aromas are generated, adding fascinating aromas to perfumes, cosmetics, etc.
In summary, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene plays a pivotal role in many fields such as chemical synthesis, medicine, dyes and fragrances, and plays a key role in promoting the development of related industries.
What are the physical properties of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, or o-chlorotoluene, is an organic compound. Its physical properties are as follows:
Viewed at room temperature, it is a colorless and transparent liquid with an aromatic smell. This smell resembles the smell of many aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and has a special aroma.
The boiling point is about 159.3 ° C. At this temperature, o-chlorotoluene changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state. The boiling point is affected by the intermolecular forces. The size of the intermolecular forces determines the boiling point value. Due to the presence of van der Waals forces between molecules.
The melting point is -35.5 ° C. Below this temperature, o-chlorotoluene will solidify into a solid state. The melting point is also related to the molecular structure and interactions, and the molecular arrangement and mutual attraction determine the melting point. The density of
is about 1.082g/cm ³, which is heavier than water. If mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. This is because the mass of o-chlorotoluene per unit volume is greater than that of water.
In terms of solubility, it is slightly soluble in water. Because it is an organic substance and water is an inorganic substance, according to the principle of "similar miscibility", o-chlorotoluene with small polarity is difficult to dissolve in water with high polarity. However, it is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform. Because these organic solvents are close to the polarity of o-chlorotoluene, the intermolecular force is conducive to mutual dissolution.
In addition, the vapor pressure of o-chlorotoluene has a specific value at a certain temperature, which affects its volatilization degree in the air. And its refractive index is also a specific value, reflecting the change in the direction of light propagation in the material, which is related to the molecular structure and density of the material.
Viewed at room temperature, it is a colorless and transparent liquid with an aromatic smell. This smell resembles the smell of many aromatic hydrocarbon compounds and has a special aroma.
The boiling point is about 159.3 ° C. At this temperature, o-chlorotoluene changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state. The boiling point is affected by the intermolecular forces. The size of the intermolecular forces determines the boiling point value. Due to the presence of van der Waals forces between molecules.
The melting point is -35.5 ° C. Below this temperature, o-chlorotoluene will solidify into a solid state. The melting point is also related to the molecular structure and interactions, and the molecular arrangement and mutual attraction determine the melting point. The density of
is about 1.082g/cm ³, which is heavier than water. If mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. This is because the mass of o-chlorotoluene per unit volume is greater than that of water.
In terms of solubility, it is slightly soluble in water. Because it is an organic substance and water is an inorganic substance, according to the principle of "similar miscibility", o-chlorotoluene with small polarity is difficult to dissolve in water with high polarity. However, it is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform. Because these organic solvents are close to the polarity of o-chlorotoluene, the intermolecular force is conducive to mutual dissolution.
In addition, the vapor pressure of o-chlorotoluene has a specific value at a certain temperature, which affects its volatilization degree in the air. And its refractive index is also a specific value, reflecting the change in the direction of light propagation in the material, which is related to the molecular structure and density of the material.
What are the chemical properties of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene?
1-chloro-2-methylbenzene, or o-chlorotoluene, is a common member of organic compounds. Its chemical properties are unique and interesting, and I would like to describe them in detail.
First of all, the chlorine atom in o-chlorotoluene has electron-sucking induction effect, while the methyl group has electron-donating induction effect and superconjugation effect. The interaction between the two results in a change in the electron cloud density distribution of the benzene ring. The electron cloud density of the benzene ring is slightly increased in the o-and para-potential, and the relative decrease in the meta-potential. This property has a deep impact on its reactivity and reaction check point.
As far as the electrophilic substitution reaction is concerned, the interaction of methyl and chlorine atoms makes the benzene ring more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Among them, the electron-giving action of methyl increases the electron cloud density of the benzene ring and activates the benzene ring; although the chlorine atom is an electron-withdrawing group, it can be conjugated with the benzene ring due to its lone pair of electrons, dispersing the positive charge to a certain extent, and also affects the electrophilic substitution reaction. In such reactions, the products are mostly o-ortho and para-substitution. For example, in the nitration reaction, nitric acid acts as an electrophilic reagent, mainly generating o-chloro-p-nitrotoluene and o-chloro-o-nitrotoluene, which is caused by the co-localization effect of methyl and chlorine atoms.
Furthermore, in terms of the properties of halogenated hydrocarbons, chlorine atoms in o-chlorotoluene can undergo many reactions. Under alkaline conditions, hydrolysis reactions can occur, and chlorine This reaction mechanism is nucleophilic substitution. Hydroxide ions attack the carbon atoms connected to chlorine as nucleophiles, and chloride ions leave. For example, under the action of alcohol solution and strong base, elimination reactions can occur to form styrene derivatives. This process involves β-elimination reaction mechanism.
In addition, the methyl group of o-chlorotoluene is also active. Under light or high temperature conditions, the hydrogen atom on the methyl group can be replaced by halogen atoms, and a free radical substitution reaction occurs. For example, when reacted with chlorine under light, methyl substitutes of monochloro, dichloro and even trichloro-o-chlorotoluene can be gradually generated.
In summary, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene exhibits unique chemical properties due to the presence of chlorine atoms and methyl groups, and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. It can be used as an important intermediate in the synthesis of many organic compounds.
First of all, the chlorine atom in o-chlorotoluene has electron-sucking induction effect, while the methyl group has electron-donating induction effect and superconjugation effect. The interaction between the two results in a change in the electron cloud density distribution of the benzene ring. The electron cloud density of the benzene ring is slightly increased in the o-and para-potential, and the relative decrease in the meta-potential. This property has a deep impact on its reactivity and reaction check point.
As far as the electrophilic substitution reaction is concerned, the interaction of methyl and chlorine atoms makes the benzene ring more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Among them, the electron-giving action of methyl increases the electron cloud density of the benzene ring and activates the benzene ring; although the chlorine atom is an electron-withdrawing group, it can be conjugated with the benzene ring due to its lone pair of electrons, dispersing the positive charge to a certain extent, and also affects the electrophilic substitution reaction. In such reactions, the products are mostly o-ortho and para-substitution. For example, in the nitration reaction, nitric acid acts as an electrophilic reagent, mainly generating o-chloro-p-nitrotoluene and o-chloro-o-nitrotoluene, which is caused by the co-localization effect of methyl and chlorine atoms.
Furthermore, in terms of the properties of halogenated hydrocarbons, chlorine atoms in o-chlorotoluene can undergo many reactions. Under alkaline conditions, hydrolysis reactions can occur, and chlorine This reaction mechanism is nucleophilic substitution. Hydroxide ions attack the carbon atoms connected to chlorine as nucleophiles, and chloride ions leave. For example, under the action of alcohol solution and strong base, elimination reactions can occur to form styrene derivatives. This process involves β-elimination reaction mechanism.
In addition, the methyl group of o-chlorotoluene is also active. Under light or high temperature conditions, the hydrogen atom on the methyl group can be replaced by halogen atoms, and a free radical substitution reaction occurs. For example, when reacted with chlorine under light, methyl substitutes of monochloro, dichloro and even trichloro-o-chlorotoluene can be gradually generated.
In summary, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene exhibits unique chemical properties due to the presence of chlorine atoms and methyl groups, and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. It can be used as an important intermediate in the synthesis of many organic compounds.
What are 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene synthesis methods?
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, is synthesized by various methods. The following are common methods:
First, o-toluidine is used as raw material and prepared by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, o-toluidine and sodium nitrite undergo diazotization in the presence of hydrochloric acid to form diazonium salts. This step requires low temperature operation to prevent the decomposition of diazonium salts. The reaction is roughly as follows:
\ [C_ {7} H_ {9} N + NaNO_ {2} + 2HCl\ xrightarrow {0 - 5 ^ {\ circ} C} C_ {7} H_ {8} N_ {2} Cl + NaCl + 2H_ {2} O\]
Then, the resulting diazonium salt undergoes a Sandmeier reaction with the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride, and the diazonium group is replaced by a chlorine atom to obtain 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene:
\ [C_ {7} H_ {8} N_ {2} Cl + CuCl\ Xrightarrow {HCl} C_ {7} H_ {7} Cl + N_ {2} + CuCl_ {2}\]
Second, toluene is used as raw material and obtained by chlorination reaction. Under the condition of light or the presence of initiator, toluene undergoes free radical substitution reaction with chlorine gas. When irradiated, chlorine molecules first split into chlorine radicals, which capture hydrogen atoms on toluene methyl to form benzyl radicals. Benzyl radicals react with chlorine to form 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene (at the same time, other position substitution products are generated, which need to be separated). The reaction process is as follows:
\ [Cl_ {2}\ xrightarrow {illumination} 2Cl\ cdot\]
\ [C_ {6} H_ {5} CH_ {3} + Cl\ cdot\ longrightarrow C_ {6} H_ {5} CH_ {2}\ cdot + HCl\]
\ [C_ {6} H_ {5} CH_ {2}\ cdot + Cl_ {2}\ longrightarrow C_ {6} H_ {5} CH_ {2} Cl + Cl\ cdot\]
Third, with o-methylphenol as raw material, prepared by chlorination and substitution reaction. O-methylphenol is first reacted with chlorination agent (such as phosphorus oxychloride, etc.), and the hydroxyl group is replaced by chlorine atoms to generate 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene. Taking phosphorus oxychloride as an example, the reaction is as follows:
\ [C_ {7} H_ {8} O + POCl_ {3}\ longrightarrow C_ {7} H_ {7} Cl + H_ {3} PO_ {4}\]
The above methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In actual production, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the availability of raw materials, cost, product purity requirements and other factors to choose the most suitable synthesis path.
First, o-toluidine is used as raw material and prepared by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, o-toluidine and sodium nitrite undergo diazotization in the presence of hydrochloric acid to form diazonium salts. This step requires low temperature operation to prevent the decomposition of diazonium salts. The reaction is roughly as follows:
\ [C_ {7} H_ {9} N + NaNO_ {2} + 2HCl\ xrightarrow {0 - 5 ^ {\ circ} C} C_ {7} H_ {8} N_ {2} Cl + NaCl + 2H_ {2} O\]
Then, the resulting diazonium salt undergoes a Sandmeier reaction with the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride, and the diazonium group is replaced by a chlorine atom to obtain 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene:
\ [C_ {7} H_ {8} N_ {2} Cl + CuCl\ Xrightarrow {HCl} C_ {7} H_ {7} Cl + N_ {2} + CuCl_ {2}\]
Second, toluene is used as raw material and obtained by chlorination reaction. Under the condition of light or the presence of initiator, toluene undergoes free radical substitution reaction with chlorine gas. When irradiated, chlorine molecules first split into chlorine radicals, which capture hydrogen atoms on toluene methyl to form benzyl radicals. Benzyl radicals react with chlorine to form 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene (at the same time, other position substitution products are generated, which need to be separated). The reaction process is as follows:
\ [Cl_ {2}\ xrightarrow {illumination} 2Cl\ cdot\]
\ [C_ {6} H_ {5} CH_ {3} + Cl\ cdot\ longrightarrow C_ {6} H_ {5} CH_ {2}\ cdot + HCl\]
\ [C_ {6} H_ {5} CH_ {2}\ cdot + Cl_ {2}\ longrightarrow C_ {6} H_ {5} CH_ {2} Cl + Cl\ cdot\]
Third, with o-methylphenol as raw material, prepared by chlorination and substitution reaction. O-methylphenol is first reacted with chlorination agent (such as phosphorus oxychloride, etc.), and the hydroxyl group is replaced by chlorine atoms to generate 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene. Taking phosphorus oxychloride as an example, the reaction is as follows:
\ [C_ {7} H_ {8} O + POCl_ {3}\ longrightarrow C_ {7} H_ {7} Cl + H_ {3} PO_ {4}\]
The above methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In actual production, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the availability of raw materials, cost, product purity requirements and other factors to choose the most suitable synthesis path.
What are the precautions in storage and transportation of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, requires careful attention during storage and transportation.
One is related to storage. This substance is toxic and flammable to a certain extent, and must be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources is the first priority, because it is easy to burn in case of open flames and hot topics. The temperature of the warehouse should be controlled within a specific range to prevent excessive temperature from causing its volatilization and increasing safety risks. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and bases, and must not be mixed. Because of its active chemical properties, contact with these substances may cause violent chemical reactions or even explosions. At the same time, the warehouse should be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment to prevent accidents. The storage area should also be set up with obvious warning signs to remind personnel to pay attention to safety.
Second, it involves transportation. Before transportation, be sure to ensure that the packaging is complete and sealed. Packaging materials must be able to effectively prevent its leakage and volatilization. During transportation, the relevant dangerous chemical transportation regulations must be strictly followed. Transportation vehicles should be equipped with corresponding fire-fighting equipment. Drivers and escorts must undergo professional training and be familiar with their hazards and emergency treatment methods. During driving, avoid high temperature periods and road sections to prevent sun exposure. And do not stay in sensitive areas such as densely populated areas and water sources. During transportation, pay close attention to the status of the goods. If any package damage or leakage is detected, emergency measures should be taken immediately and relevant departments should be reported in time.
In short, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene should not be taken lightly in all aspects of storage and transportation. It is necessary to operate strictly in accordance with regulations to ensure the safety of personnel and the environment.
One is related to storage. This substance is toxic and flammable to a certain extent, and must be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat sources is the first priority, because it is easy to burn in case of open flames and hot topics. The temperature of the warehouse should be controlled within a specific range to prevent excessive temperature from causing its volatilization and increasing safety risks. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, and bases, and must not be mixed. Because of its active chemical properties, contact with these substances may cause violent chemical reactions or even explosions. At the same time, the warehouse should be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment to prevent accidents. The storage area should also be set up with obvious warning signs to remind personnel to pay attention to safety.
Second, it involves transportation. Before transportation, be sure to ensure that the packaging is complete and sealed. Packaging materials must be able to effectively prevent its leakage and volatilization. During transportation, the relevant dangerous chemical transportation regulations must be strictly followed. Transportation vehicles should be equipped with corresponding fire-fighting equipment. Drivers and escorts must undergo professional training and be familiar with their hazards and emergency treatment methods. During driving, avoid high temperature periods and road sections to prevent sun exposure. And do not stay in sensitive areas such as densely populated areas and water sources. During transportation, pay close attention to the status of the goods. If any package damage or leakage is detected, emergency measures should be taken immediately and relevant departments should be reported in time.
In short, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene should not be taken lightly in all aspects of storage and transportation. It is necessary to operate strictly in accordance with regulations to ensure the safety of personnel and the environment.
What are the physical properties of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, is a kind of organic compound. Its physical properties are quite unique and are closely related to many chemical production.
Looking at its properties, under room temperature and pressure, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is a colorless and transparent liquid with a pure texture and no impurities. Its smell is unique and exudes an aromatic smell, but this aromatic smell is not entirely pleasant, long-lasting, or uncomfortable to the human body.
When it comes to boiling point, the boiling point of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is about 159 ° C. The boiling point is the critical temperature at which the substance changes from liquid to gas state. At this temperature, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene molecules are sufficiently energized to break free from the liquid phase and escape into the gas phase. This property is of great significance in chemical operations such as distillation and separation. With the difference in boiling point, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene can be precisely separated from the mixture.
In terms of melting point, it is about -35 ° C. The melting point is the temperature limit at which a substance changes from a solid state to a liquid state. When the temperature drops below the melting point, the movement of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene molecules slows down, and the interaction increases, so that it condenses into a solid state.
In terms of density, the density of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is about 1.082g/cm ³, which is slightly higher than the density of water. This property causes it to settle underwater when mixed with water, showing a layered state, which is the main point to be considered in liquid-liquid separation operations.
Solubility is also an important physical property. 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is insoluble in water, but it can be miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene in any ratio. This solubility is due to the interaction between its molecular structure and the organic solvent molecules, and the principle of similar miscibility is fully reflected here. In organic synthesis reactions, this property is often used to select suitable reaction solvents to promote the reaction.
In addition, the volatility of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene also needs attention. Although its volatility is not extremely strong, it will gradually evaporate into the air in an exposed environment. This property must be taken seriously during storage and use, and should be properly sealed to prevent its volatilization loss and cause environmental pollution and safety hazards.
In summary, the many physical properties of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene, such as their properties, boiling point, melting point, density, solubility, and volatility, are interrelated and affect their application in the chemical industry. Only by being familiar with and mastering these properties can they be used rationally in practical production and scientific research.
Looking at its properties, under room temperature and pressure, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is a colorless and transparent liquid with a pure texture and no impurities. Its smell is unique and exudes an aromatic smell, but this aromatic smell is not entirely pleasant, long-lasting, or uncomfortable to the human body.
When it comes to boiling point, the boiling point of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is about 159 ° C. The boiling point is the critical temperature at which the substance changes from liquid to gas state. At this temperature, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene molecules are sufficiently energized to break free from the liquid phase and escape into the gas phase. This property is of great significance in chemical operations such as distillation and separation. With the difference in boiling point, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene can be precisely separated from the mixture.
In terms of melting point, it is about -35 ° C. The melting point is the temperature limit at which a substance changes from a solid state to a liquid state. When the temperature drops below the melting point, the movement of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene molecules slows down, and the interaction increases, so that it condenses into a solid state.
In terms of density, the density of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is about 1.082g/cm ³, which is slightly higher than the density of water. This property causes it to settle underwater when mixed with water, showing a layered state, which is the main point to be considered in liquid-liquid separation operations.
Solubility is also an important physical property. 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is insoluble in water, but it can be miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene in any ratio. This solubility is due to the interaction between its molecular structure and the organic solvent molecules, and the principle of similar miscibility is fully reflected here. In organic synthesis reactions, this property is often used to select suitable reaction solvents to promote the reaction.
In addition, the volatility of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene also needs attention. Although its volatility is not extremely strong, it will gradually evaporate into the air in an exposed environment. This property must be taken seriously during storage and use, and should be properly sealed to prevent its volatilization loss and cause environmental pollution and safety hazards.
In summary, the many physical properties of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene, such as their properties, boiling point, melting point, density, solubility, and volatility, are interrelated and affect their application in the chemical industry. Only by being familiar with and mastering these properties can they be used rationally in practical production and scientific research.
What are the chemical properties of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, is a genus of organic compounds. Its chemical properties are unique, with the following numbers:
First, electrophilic substitution reaction. The benzene ring has electron-rich properties and is vulnerable to attack by electrophilic reagents. The methyl group of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene and the chlorine atom have an effect on the electron cloud density distribution of the benzene ring. The methyl group is the power supply group, which increases the density of the adjacent and para-potential electron clouds. Although the chlorine atom is an electron-absorbing group, it has lone pairs of electrons, which also increases the density of the adjacent and para-potential electron clouds. Therefore, the electrophilic substitution reaction easily occurs in the adjacent and para-position of the methyl or chlorine atom. If a nitration reaction occurs, products such as o-chloro-p-nitrotoluene or o-chloro-m-nitrotoluene can be formed; if a sulfonation reaction occurs, the sulfonic acid group can replace the hydrogen atoms at the adjacent and para-positions on the benzene ring.
Second, halogenation reaction. Under light or heating conditions, the hydrogen atoms on the methyl group can be replaced by halogen atoms. Because the methyl group is affected by the benzene ring, the activity of the α-hydrogen atom is enhanced. Taking chlorine as an example, when the light is irradiated, the hydrogen atoms on the methyl group are gradually replaced by chlorine atoms to form monochloro, dichloro and even trichloro products.
Third, hydrolysis reaction. The chlorine atom of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene can undergo hydrolysis reaction in a strong alkali aqueous solution, and the chlorine atom This reaction requires suitable temperature and pressure, and the alkali concentration has an impact on the reaction process.
Fourth, react with metals. 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene can react with certain metals (such as magnesium) in anhydrous ether and other solvents to form Grignard reagents. Grignard reagents are widely used and can be used to synthesize various organic compounds such as alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone.
In short, the characteristics of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene phenyl ring and substituents exhibit diverse chemical properties and are widely used in the field of organic synthesis.
First, electrophilic substitution reaction. The benzene ring has electron-rich properties and is vulnerable to attack by electrophilic reagents. The methyl group of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene and the chlorine atom have an effect on the electron cloud density distribution of the benzene ring. The methyl group is the power supply group, which increases the density of the adjacent and para-potential electron clouds. Although the chlorine atom is an electron-absorbing group, it has lone pairs of electrons, which also increases the density of the adjacent and para-potential electron clouds. Therefore, the electrophilic substitution reaction easily occurs in the adjacent and para-position of the methyl or chlorine atom. If a nitration reaction occurs, products such as o-chloro-p-nitrotoluene or o-chloro-m-nitrotoluene can be formed; if a sulfonation reaction occurs, the sulfonic acid group can replace the hydrogen atoms at the adjacent and para-positions on the benzene ring.
Second, halogenation reaction. Under light or heating conditions, the hydrogen atoms on the methyl group can be replaced by halogen atoms. Because the methyl group is affected by the benzene ring, the activity of the α-hydrogen atom is enhanced. Taking chlorine as an example, when the light is irradiated, the hydrogen atoms on the methyl group are gradually replaced by chlorine atoms to form monochloro, dichloro and even trichloro products.
Third, hydrolysis reaction. The chlorine atom of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene can undergo hydrolysis reaction in a strong alkali aqueous solution, and the chlorine atom This reaction requires suitable temperature and pressure, and the alkali concentration has an impact on the reaction process.
Fourth, react with metals. 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene can react with certain metals (such as magnesium) in anhydrous ether and other solvents to form Grignard reagents. Grignard reagents are widely used and can be used to synthesize various organic compounds such as alcohol, aldehyde, and ketone.
In short, the characteristics of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene phenyl ring and substituents exhibit diverse chemical properties and are widely used in the field of organic synthesis.
What are the applications of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene in industry?
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, is widely used in industry. It has unique chemical properties and is an important basic raw material in the field of organic synthesis.
First, it can be used in the synthesis of pesticides. If some high-efficiency insecticides are prepared, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is converted into chlorine-containing organic compounds through specific chemical reactions, which has a significant poisoning effect on pests and can effectively control crop pests and ensure food production.
Second, it plays a key role in dye synthesis. With 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene as the starting material, a variety of dyes with bright colors and good stability can be prepared through multi-step reactions. They are widely used in the textile printing and dyeing industry to give rich colors to fabrics.
Furthermore, the field of fragrance synthesis is also indispensable. After a series of complex reactions, it can be converted into compounds with unique aromas, which can be added to perfumes, air fresheners and other products to add a pleasant aroma.
In addition, in the pharmaceutical industry, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is used as an intermediate to participate in some drug synthesis. Through fine chemical operation, the drug active structure is constructed to provide effective drug support for human health. 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene plays an important role in many fields of industry and is of great significance in promoting the development of various industries.
First, it can be used in the synthesis of pesticides. If some high-efficiency insecticides are prepared, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is converted into chlorine-containing organic compounds through specific chemical reactions, which has a significant poisoning effect on pests and can effectively control crop pests and ensure food production.
Second, it plays a key role in dye synthesis. With 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene as the starting material, a variety of dyes with bright colors and good stability can be prepared through multi-step reactions. They are widely used in the textile printing and dyeing industry to give rich colors to fabrics.
Furthermore, the field of fragrance synthesis is also indispensable. After a series of complex reactions, it can be converted into compounds with unique aromas, which can be added to perfumes, air fresheners and other products to add a pleasant aroma.
In addition, in the pharmaceutical industry, 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is used as an intermediate to participate in some drug synthesis. Through fine chemical operation, the drug active structure is constructed to provide effective drug support for human health. 1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene plays an important role in many fields of industry and is of great significance in promoting the development of various industries.
What are the preparation methods of 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, is prepared by many methods. The following are the common ones.
First, o-toluidine is used as the starting material, and it is prepared by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, the o-toluidine is mixed with hydrochloric acid, and the sodium nitrite solution is added under cooling to obtain a diazonium salt solution. The diazonium salt solution is co-heated with the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride, and the Sandmeier reaction occurs. The diazonium group is replaced by a chlorine atom to generate 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene. In this process, attention should be paid to the reaction temperature. The diazotization reaction should be carried out at low temperature to prevent the decomposition of diazonium salts. The subsequent reaction temperature also needs to be precisely controlled to improve the yield.
Second, it is prepared from toluene by chlorination reaction. In the presence of light or initiator, toluene undergoes free radical substitution reaction with chlorine gas. Because methyl groups are o-and para-sites, the reaction will generate a mixture of o-chlorotoluene and p-chlorotoluene. 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene can be separated by means of rectification. The rate of chlorine gas penetration, reaction time and temperature in this process will affect the proportion and yield of the product, which must be carefully regulated.
Third, it is prepared from o-methylphenol as raw material. 2-Methylphenol reacts with thionyl chloride, and the phenolic hydroxyl group is replaced by chlorine atoms to form 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene. The reaction conditions are relatively mild, but thionyl chloride is corrosive and irritating, and strict protective measures need to be taken during operation.
Fourth, the Fu-gram reaction is used. Benzene and 1-chloro-2-methylpropane are used as raw materials to react under the catalysis of Lewis acid such as anhydrous aluminum trichloride. In the reaction, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane first interacts with Lewis acid to generate carbocation ions, which attack the benzene ring and undergo electrophilic substitution to obtain 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene. This reaction requires an anhydrous environment, and the amount of catalyst and reaction temperature have a great influence on the reaction.
All production methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the actual production needs to be weighed according to factors such as raw material availability, cost, and product purity requirements.
First, o-toluidine is used as the starting material, and it is prepared by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, the o-toluidine is mixed with hydrochloric acid, and the sodium nitrite solution is added under cooling to obtain a diazonium salt solution. The diazonium salt solution is co-heated with the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride, and the Sandmeier reaction occurs. The diazonium group is replaced by a chlorine atom to generate 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene. In this process, attention should be paid to the reaction temperature. The diazotization reaction should be carried out at low temperature to prevent the decomposition of diazonium salts. The subsequent reaction temperature also needs to be precisely controlled to improve the yield.
Second, it is prepared from toluene by chlorination reaction. In the presence of light or initiator, toluene undergoes free radical substitution reaction with chlorine gas. Because methyl groups are o-and para-sites, the reaction will generate a mixture of o-chlorotoluene and p-chlorotoluene. 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene can be separated by means of rectification. The rate of chlorine gas penetration, reaction time and temperature in this process will affect the proportion and yield of the product, which must be carefully regulated.
Third, it is prepared from o-methylphenol as raw material. 2-Methylphenol reacts with thionyl chloride, and the phenolic hydroxyl group is replaced by chlorine atoms to form 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene. The reaction conditions are relatively mild, but thionyl chloride is corrosive and irritating, and strict protective measures need to be taken during operation.
Fourth, the Fu-gram reaction is used. Benzene and 1-chloro-2-methylpropane are used as raw materials to react under the catalysis of Lewis acid such as anhydrous aluminum trichloride. In the reaction, 1-chloro-2-methylpropane first interacts with Lewis acid to generate carbocation ions, which attack the benzene ring and undergo electrophilic substitution to obtain 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene. This reaction requires an anhydrous environment, and the amount of catalyst and reaction temperature have a great influence on the reaction.
All production methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the actual production needs to be weighed according to factors such as raw material availability, cost, and product purity requirements.
What impact does 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene have on the environment and people?
1-Chloro-2-methylbenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, is an organic compound. It is widely used in the industrial field and can be used as a solvent, raw material, etc. However, it has a certain impact on the environment and the human body, as detailed below:
Impact on the environment
1. ** Atmospheric aspects **: If 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene volatilizes into the atmosphere, it will participate in photochemical reactions. It interacts with many substances in the atmosphere, or generates secondary pollutants such as ozone. This not only affects air quality and reduces atmospheric visibility, but also high concentrations of ozone can irritate the human respiratory tract and endanger human health.
2. ** Aquatic ecological aspects **: If it enters the water body, it is difficult to dissolve in water and has a certain fat solubility, and is easily absorbed and enriched by aquatic organisms. For example, fish ingesting food containing 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene or directly contacting water bodies containing this substance will affect their normal physiological functions, hinder growth, reproduction, and in severe cases, cause death. In the long run, it will disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems and affect biodiversity.
3. ** Soil aspects **: After 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene enters the soil, it will affect soil microbial activity and community structure. Some microorganisms are sensitive to them, and their survival and reproduction are inhibited. Soil microorganisms are crucial to material circulation and nutrient transformation in the soil. As a result, soil fertility may be affected, which in turn affects plant growth.
Effects on the human body
1. ** Respiratory system **: The human body inhales air containing 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene, which can irritate the respiratory mucosa, causing symptoms such as cough, asthma, breathing difficulties, etc. Long-term exposure may increase the risk of respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.
2. ** Nervous system **: This substance can affect the function of the nervous system. After exposure, people may experience symptoms such as headache, dizziness, fatigue, and drowsiness. In severe cases, it can damage the central nervous system and affect cognition, memory and motor coordination.
3. ** Skin and eyes **: 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene comes into direct contact with the skin and can cause dry skin, itching, redness and swelling, etc. If not carefully entered into the eyes, it will strongly irritate the eyes, causing pain, tears, blurred vision, etc. In severe cases, it can damage eye tissue and affect vision.
4. ** Carcinogenicity **: Although there is no conclusive evidence that 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is carcinogenic to humans, animal experiments have shown that long-term high-dose exposure may increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, its potential carcinogenic harm cannot be ignored.
Impact on the environment
1. ** Atmospheric aspects **: If 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene volatilizes into the atmosphere, it will participate in photochemical reactions. It interacts with many substances in the atmosphere, or generates secondary pollutants such as ozone. This not only affects air quality and reduces atmospheric visibility, but also high concentrations of ozone can irritate the human respiratory tract and endanger human health.
2. ** Aquatic ecological aspects **: If it enters the water body, it is difficult to dissolve in water and has a certain fat solubility, and is easily absorbed and enriched by aquatic organisms. For example, fish ingesting food containing 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene or directly contacting water bodies containing this substance will affect their normal physiological functions, hinder growth, reproduction, and in severe cases, cause death. In the long run, it will disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems and affect biodiversity.
3. ** Soil aspects **: After 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene enters the soil, it will affect soil microbial activity and community structure. Some microorganisms are sensitive to them, and their survival and reproduction are inhibited. Soil microorganisms are crucial to material circulation and nutrient transformation in the soil. As a result, soil fertility may be affected, which in turn affects plant growth.
Effects on the human body
1. ** Respiratory system **: The human body inhales air containing 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene, which can irritate the respiratory mucosa, causing symptoms such as cough, asthma, breathing difficulties, etc. Long-term exposure may increase the risk of respiratory diseases, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, etc.
2. ** Nervous system **: This substance can affect the function of the nervous system. After exposure, people may experience symptoms such as headache, dizziness, fatigue, and drowsiness. In severe cases, it can damage the central nervous system and affect cognition, memory and motor coordination.
3. ** Skin and eyes **: 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene comes into direct contact with the skin and can cause dry skin, itching, redness and swelling, etc. If not carefully entered into the eyes, it will strongly irritate the eyes, causing pain, tears, blurred vision, etc. In severe cases, it can damage eye tissue and affect vision.
4. ** Carcinogenicity **: Although there is no conclusive evidence that 1-chloro-2-methylbenzene is carcinogenic to humans, animal experiments have shown that long-term high-dose exposure may increase the risk of cancer. Therefore, its potential carcinogenic harm cannot be ignored.
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