Linshang Chemical
PRODUCTS
1-Chloro-3-Methylbenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
162146 |
| Chemical Formula | C7H7Cl |
| Molar Mass | 126.58 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Aromatic odor |
| Density | 1.072 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Boiling Point | 161 - 163 °C |
| Melting Point | -48 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in many organic solvents |
| Flash Point | 48 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | 1.33 kPa at 38.7 °C |
| Refractive Index | 1.526 - 1.528 at 20 °C |
As an accredited 1-Chloro-3-Methylbenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 1 - chloro - 3 - methylbenzene in 5 - liter sealed plastic containers for chemical storage. |
| Storage | 1 - chloro - 3 - methylbenzene should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area, away from heat, sparks, and open flames. Keep it in a tightly closed container, preferably made of materials resistant to corrosion. Store it separately from oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases to prevent chemical reactions. Adequate labeling indicating its hazardous nature is essential. |
| Shipping | 1 - Chloro - 3 - methylbenzene is shipped in tightly sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. It's transported by approved carriers following strict hazardous material regulations to ensure safe delivery due to its potentially harmful nature. |
Competitive 1-Chloro-3-Methylbenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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What are the main uses of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-3-methylbenzene, also known as m-chlorotoluene, has a wide range of main uses. In the field of organic synthesis, this is an important intermediate.
In the preparation of drugs, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene can be converted into compounds with specific pharmacological activities through specific chemical reactions. For example, in the synthesis of some antibiotics, it is used as one of the starting materials, and through multiple steps, the core structure of the drug is cleverly constructed, and then the antibacterial effect is exerted.
In the manufacture of pesticides, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene also plays a key role. Many high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticide varieties often rely on this compound in their synthesis process. After chemical modification and reaction, pesticides with good control effect on crop pests can be prepared, effectively ensuring the yield and quality of crops, and helping the development of agriculture.
Furthermore, in the dye industry, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene also has its uses. It can be used as an important intermediate for the synthesis of specific color dyes. After a series of chemical reactions, it produces brightly colored and stable dyes, which are widely used in textiles, printing and dyeing and other industries to give fabrics brilliant colors.
In addition, in the fragrance industry, this compound can provide a unique structural unit for the synthesis of fragrances through suitable reactions and formulations, and help to create unique fragrance products for the manufacture of perfumes, cosmetics and other products, adding unique aromas.
In short, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene plays an indispensable role in many industrial fields such as organic synthesis, drugs, pesticides, dyes and fragrances, and has made significant contributions to the development of various industries.
In the preparation of drugs, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene can be converted into compounds with specific pharmacological activities through specific chemical reactions. For example, in the synthesis of some antibiotics, it is used as one of the starting materials, and through multiple steps, the core structure of the drug is cleverly constructed, and then the antibacterial effect is exerted.
In the manufacture of pesticides, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene also plays a key role. Many high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticide varieties often rely on this compound in their synthesis process. After chemical modification and reaction, pesticides with good control effect on crop pests can be prepared, effectively ensuring the yield and quality of crops, and helping the development of agriculture.
Furthermore, in the dye industry, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene also has its uses. It can be used as an important intermediate for the synthesis of specific color dyes. After a series of chemical reactions, it produces brightly colored and stable dyes, which are widely used in textiles, printing and dyeing and other industries to give fabrics brilliant colors.
In addition, in the fragrance industry, this compound can provide a unique structural unit for the synthesis of fragrances through suitable reactions and formulations, and help to create unique fragrance products for the manufacture of perfumes, cosmetics and other products, adding unique aromas.
In short, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene plays an indispensable role in many industrial fields such as organic synthesis, drugs, pesticides, dyes and fragrances, and has made significant contributions to the development of various industries.
What are the physical properties of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene?
1-chloro-3-methylbenzene is m-chlorotoluene. Its physical properties are as follows:
m-chlorotoluene appears as a colorless and transparent liquid, smells like toluene, and is irritating. Its relative density (water = 1) is about 1.07. At room temperature and pressure, the boiling point is between 161-163 ° C, and the melting point is about -48 ° C. It is insoluble in water, but it can be miscible with various organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.
m-chlorotoluene has a certain degree of volatility and can be volatile in the air to form a vapor. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place. In case of open flame and high heat, it can cause combustion and explosion.
Due to the presence of chlorine atoms and methyl groups in its molecular structure, m-chlorotoluene has a certain chemical activity, which also affects its physical properties to a certain extent. In organic synthesis reactions, the presence of these groups determines the activity check point and type of reaction it participates in, and then indirectly affects its phase change and physical performance in different reaction systems. Its refractive index is about 1.525 - 1.527, and this optical property makes it unique in related application scenarios involving light propagation and refraction.
m-chlorotoluene appears as a colorless and transparent liquid, smells like toluene, and is irritating. Its relative density (water = 1) is about 1.07. At room temperature and pressure, the boiling point is between 161-163 ° C, and the melting point is about -48 ° C. It is insoluble in water, but it can be miscible with various organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.
m-chlorotoluene has a certain degree of volatility and can be volatile in the air to form a vapor. Its vapor is heavier than air and can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place. In case of open flame and high heat, it can cause combustion and explosion.
Due to the presence of chlorine atoms and methyl groups in its molecular structure, m-chlorotoluene has a certain chemical activity, which also affects its physical properties to a certain extent. In organic synthesis reactions, the presence of these groups determines the activity check point and type of reaction it participates in, and then indirectly affects its phase change and physical performance in different reaction systems. Its refractive index is about 1.525 - 1.527, and this optical property makes it unique in related application scenarios involving light propagation and refraction.
What are the chemical properties of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene?
1-chloro-3-methylbenzene, or m-chlorotoluene, is one of the aromatic hydrocarbons in organic compounds. It has the following chemical properties:
1. ** Electrophilic Substitution Reaction **: This is a typical reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons. The benzene ring contains a large π bond and is electron-rich, making it vulnerable to attack by electrophilic reagents.
- ** Halogenation Reaction **: Under the catalysis of Lewis acids such as FeCl 🥰, it can react with halogens (such as chlorine gas Cl ²) to introduce halogen atoms on the benzene ring. For example, when reacted with chlorine, chlorine atoms will mainly replace hydrogen atoms at the interposition of methyl and chlorine atoms on the benzene ring to form dichlorotoluene isomers. This is because methyl is an ortho-para-localization group, and the chlorine atom is also an ortho-para-localization group. The combined action of the two makes the density of the meta-electron cloud relatively high, and the electrophilic reagents are easy to attack. The reaction formula is roughly: 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene + Cl ² $\ xrightarrow [] {FeCl ²} $dichlorotoluene isomer + HCl.
- ** Nitration reaction **: Mixed with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, the benzene ring undergoes nitration reaction. Nitro (-NO ³) also mainly enters the intersite of methyl and chlorine atoms to form m-chloromethylnitrobenzene. For example: 1 - chloro - 3 - methylbenzene + HNO 🥰 $\ xrightarrow [] {H 2O SO} $m-chloromethylnitrobenzene + H2O O.
- ** Sulfonation reaction **: With concentrated sulfuric acid, a sulfonation reaction can occur, and the sulfonic acid group (- SO 🥰 H) enters the benzene ring intersite to form m-chloromethylbenzene sulfonic acid.
2. ** Side chain reaction **:
- ** Oxidation reaction **: Its side chain methyl can be oxidized. If oxidized with a strong oxidant such as acidic potassium permanganate (KMnO), the methyl group is oxidized to a carboxyl group to form m-chlorobenzoic acid. The reaction formula is: 1 - chloro - 3 - methylbenzene $\ xrightarrow [] {KMnO/H 🥰} $m-chlorobenzoic acid.
- ** Halogenation reaction **: Under light or high temperature conditions, the hydrogen atom on the side chain methyl can be replaced by halogens (such as bromine Br ²), and a free radical substitution reaction occurs. For example, when reacted with bromine under light, 1 - bromomethyl - 3 - chlorobenzene is formed. The reaction formula is: 1 - chloro - 3 - methylbenzene + Br ³ $\ xrightarrow [] {light} $1 - bromomethyl - 3 - chlorobenzene + HBr.
3. ** Reaction with metal-organic reagents **: The chlorine atom in m-chlorotoluene can react with metals such as magnesium (Mg) to form Grignard reagents. Grignard reagents are extremely important in organic synthesis. They can react with many carbonyl-containing compounds (such as aldodes, ketones, esters, etc.) to form new carbon-carbon bonds and grow carbon chains, thereby synthesizing complex organic compounds. For example, by reacting with formaldehyde, corresponding alcohols can be obtained after hydrolysis.
1. ** Electrophilic Substitution Reaction **: This is a typical reaction of aromatic hydrocarbons. The benzene ring contains a large π bond and is electron-rich, making it vulnerable to attack by electrophilic reagents.
- ** Halogenation Reaction **: Under the catalysis of Lewis acids such as FeCl 🥰, it can react with halogens (such as chlorine gas Cl ²) to introduce halogen atoms on the benzene ring. For example, when reacted with chlorine, chlorine atoms will mainly replace hydrogen atoms at the interposition of methyl and chlorine atoms on the benzene ring to form dichlorotoluene isomers. This is because methyl is an ortho-para-localization group, and the chlorine atom is also an ortho-para-localization group. The combined action of the two makes the density of the meta-electron cloud relatively high, and the electrophilic reagents are easy to attack. The reaction formula is roughly: 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene + Cl ² $\ xrightarrow [] {FeCl ²} $dichlorotoluene isomer + HCl.
- ** Nitration reaction **: Mixed with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, the benzene ring undergoes nitration reaction. Nitro (-NO ³) also mainly enters the intersite of methyl and chlorine atoms to form m-chloromethylnitrobenzene. For example: 1 - chloro - 3 - methylbenzene + HNO 🥰 $\ xrightarrow [] {H 2O SO} $m-chloromethylnitrobenzene + H2O O.
- ** Sulfonation reaction **: With concentrated sulfuric acid, a sulfonation reaction can occur, and the sulfonic acid group (- SO 🥰 H) enters the benzene ring intersite to form m-chloromethylbenzene sulfonic acid.
2. ** Side chain reaction **:
- ** Oxidation reaction **: Its side chain methyl can be oxidized. If oxidized with a strong oxidant such as acidic potassium permanganate (KMnO), the methyl group is oxidized to a carboxyl group to form m-chlorobenzoic acid. The reaction formula is: 1 - chloro - 3 - methylbenzene $\ xrightarrow [] {KMnO/H 🥰} $m-chlorobenzoic acid.
- ** Halogenation reaction **: Under light or high temperature conditions, the hydrogen atom on the side chain methyl can be replaced by halogens (such as bromine Br ²), and a free radical substitution reaction occurs. For example, when reacted with bromine under light, 1 - bromomethyl - 3 - chlorobenzene is formed. The reaction formula is: 1 - chloro - 3 - methylbenzene + Br ³ $\ xrightarrow [] {light} $1 - bromomethyl - 3 - chlorobenzene + HBr.
3. ** Reaction with metal-organic reagents **: The chlorine atom in m-chlorotoluene can react with metals such as magnesium (Mg) to form Grignard reagents. Grignard reagents are extremely important in organic synthesis. They can react with many carbonyl-containing compounds (such as aldodes, ketones, esters, etc.) to form new carbon-carbon bonds and grow carbon chains, thereby synthesizing complex organic compounds. For example, by reacting with formaldehyde, corresponding alcohols can be obtained after hydrolysis.
What are 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene synthesis methods?
1-Chloro-3-methylbenzene, also known as m-chlorotoluene, has many synthesis methods. The following is your detailed description.
First, m-toluidine is used as raw material and obtained by diazotization and chlorination. First, m-toluidine is dissolved in hydrochloric acid solution, cooled to 0-5 ° C. Slowly add sodium nitrite solution for diazotization reaction to generate diazonium salts. This process requires strict control of temperature and sodium nitrite addition speed, otherwise diazonium salts are easy to decompose. Then, drop the diazonium salt solution into the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride and heat for chlorination reaction to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. The advantage of this method is that the raw materials are relatively easy to obtain and the reaction conditions are relatively mild; the disadvantage is that there are slightly more steps, the diazotization reaction needs to be handled carefully, and the cuprous chloride is more toxic and has a certain impact on the environment.
Second, m-xylene is used as raw material and prepared by side chain chlorination and isomerization reaction. The side chain chlorination reaction of m-xylene and chlorine under the action of light or initiator is carried out to generate benzyl chloride derivatives. This reaction requires controlling the amount of chlorine gas and the reaction time to prevent excessive chlorination. Afterwards, in the presence of a specific catalyst, the benzyl chloride derivative undergoes isomerization to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. The advantage of this method is that the reaction steps are relatively simple and common raw materials can be used; however, the side chain chlorination selectivity is poor, resulting in a variety of by-products, which is difficult to separate and purify.
Third, toluene is used as raw material and synthesized through Fu-gram alkylation and chlorination reaction. First, toluene is used as the substrate, and under the action of anhydrous aluminum trichloride and other catalysts, it undergoes Fu-gram alkylation reaction with chloromethane to generate a mixture of m-methyltoluene and p-methyltoluene. After separating m-methyltoluene, chlorination is carried out under suitable conditions, and chlorine atoms are introduced into the benzene ring to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. The advantage of this method is that the raw material toluene comes from a wide range of sources; however, the catalyst for the alkylation reaction is sensitive to water, requires anhydrous operation, and the reaction selectivity is not ideal, and the product separation is more complicated.
The above synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In practical applications, the appropriate method should be weighed according to specific conditions, such as raw material cost, product purity requirements, equipment conditions and other factors.
First, m-toluidine is used as raw material and obtained by diazotization and chlorination. First, m-toluidine is dissolved in hydrochloric acid solution, cooled to 0-5 ° C. Slowly add sodium nitrite solution for diazotization reaction to generate diazonium salts. This process requires strict control of temperature and sodium nitrite addition speed, otherwise diazonium salts are easy to decompose. Then, drop the diazonium salt solution into the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride and heat for chlorination reaction to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. The advantage of this method is that the raw materials are relatively easy to obtain and the reaction conditions are relatively mild; the disadvantage is that there are slightly more steps, the diazotization reaction needs to be handled carefully, and the cuprous chloride is more toxic and has a certain impact on the environment.
Second, m-xylene is used as raw material and prepared by side chain chlorination and isomerization reaction. The side chain chlorination reaction of m-xylene and chlorine under the action of light or initiator is carried out to generate benzyl chloride derivatives. This reaction requires controlling the amount of chlorine gas and the reaction time to prevent excessive chlorination. Afterwards, in the presence of a specific catalyst, the benzyl chloride derivative undergoes isomerization to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. The advantage of this method is that the reaction steps are relatively simple and common raw materials can be used; however, the side chain chlorination selectivity is poor, resulting in a variety of by-products, which is difficult to separate and purify.
Third, toluene is used as raw material and synthesized through Fu-gram alkylation and chlorination reaction. First, toluene is used as the substrate, and under the action of anhydrous aluminum trichloride and other catalysts, it undergoes Fu-gram alkylation reaction with chloromethane to generate a mixture of m-methyltoluene and p-methyltoluene. After separating m-methyltoluene, chlorination is carried out under suitable conditions, and chlorine atoms are introduced into the benzene ring to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. The advantage of this method is that the raw material toluene comes from a wide range of sources; however, the catalyst for the alkylation reaction is sensitive to water, requires anhydrous operation, and the reaction selectivity is not ideal, and the product separation is more complicated.
The above synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In practical applications, the appropriate method should be weighed according to specific conditions, such as raw material cost, product purity requirements, equipment conditions and other factors.
What are the precautions in storage and transportation of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-3-methylbenzene, also known as m-chlorotoluene, needs to be paid attention to during storage and transportation.
It is flammable and flammable. When storing, the warehouse must be cool and ventilated, away from fire and heat sources, and the storage temperature should not exceed 37 ° C. It should be placed separately from oxidants and edible chemicals, and should not be mixed. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials to prevent leakage.
When transporting, the transportation vehicle should be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. It is best to transport in the morning and evening in summer to avoid driving during high temperatures. During transportation, it should be protected from sun exposure, rain and high temperature. Road transportation should follow the prescribed route, do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas. It is forbidden to slip when rail transportation.
1-chloro-3-methylbenzene is toxic and harmful to the human body. The storage place should be locked and managed by a special person to prevent unrelated personnel from contacting. When handling, it should be lightly loaded and unloaded to prevent damage to packaging and containers, and to avoid the leakage of the substance and cause harm to personnel. In case of accidental contact, corresponding first aid measures should be taken immediately.
At the same time, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene is also harmful to the environment. Anti-leakage measures should be taken in the storage area to prevent it from flowing into the environment. In the event of leakage during transportation, timely measures should be taken to avoid polluting soil, water and other environmental media. In short, the storage and transportation of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene should be carried out in strict accordance with regulations to ensure the safety of personnel and the environment from pollution.
It is flammable and flammable. When storing, the warehouse must be cool and ventilated, away from fire and heat sources, and the storage temperature should not exceed 37 ° C. It should be placed separately from oxidants and edible chemicals, and should not be mixed. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials to prevent leakage.
When transporting, the transportation vehicle should be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. It is best to transport in the morning and evening in summer to avoid driving during high temperatures. During transportation, it should be protected from sun exposure, rain and high temperature. Road transportation should follow the prescribed route, do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas. It is forbidden to slip when rail transportation.
1-chloro-3-methylbenzene is toxic and harmful to the human body. The storage place should be locked and managed by a special person to prevent unrelated personnel from contacting. When handling, it should be lightly loaded and unloaded to prevent damage to packaging and containers, and to avoid the leakage of the substance and cause harm to personnel. In case of accidental contact, corresponding first aid measures should be taken immediately.
At the same time, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene is also harmful to the environment. Anti-leakage measures should be taken in the storage area to prevent it from flowing into the environment. In the event of leakage during transportation, timely measures should be taken to avoid polluting soil, water and other environmental media. In short, the storage and transportation of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene should be carried out in strict accordance with regulations to ensure the safety of personnel and the environment from pollution.
What are the chemical properties of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-3-methylbenzene, its properties are different from chemical polymorphism. The properties of this substance are related to the reaction energy and chemical quality, and involve many aspects.
First, the electrophilic substitution. Because the benzene ring is electron-rich, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene is prone to electrophilic reagents and should be electrophilic substitution. Methyl is a power supply group, which can increase the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, especially the ortho and para-position. Although chlorine is an electron-absorbing group, its conjugation effect also increases the electron cloud density of the ortho and para-position, so the electrophilic substitution is mostly found in the ortho and para-position of methyl and chlorine. For example, when mixed with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, nitro substitutions can be produced.
Second, the nature of halogenated hydrocarbons. The chlorine atom in 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene is active and can react in many ways. In case of nucleophilic reagents, nucleophilic substitution can occur, and chlorine is replaced by other groups. In strong alkali alcohol solutions, it can eliminate reactions and generate unsaturated bonds.
Third, oxidation properties. Methyl can be oxidized, and in case of strong oxidants, it can form carboxyl groups. However, benzene rings are highly stable and difficult to be oxidized under normal conditions.
Fourth, physical properties. 1-Chloro-3-methylbenzene is a colorless liquid with a special odor, insoluble in water, and easily soluble in organic solvents. Its physical constants such as boiling point and melting point depend on the interaction between molecules, which is related to the separation and purification of practical use.
1-chloro-3-methylbenzene has the characteristics of structure, electrophilic substitution, nucleophilic substitution, oxidation and other chemical properties, and specific physical rationality. It is widely used in organic synthesis, chemical production and other fields.
First, the electrophilic substitution. Because the benzene ring is electron-rich, 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene is prone to electrophilic reagents and should be electrophilic substitution. Methyl is a power supply group, which can increase the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, especially the ortho and para-position. Although chlorine is an electron-absorbing group, its conjugation effect also increases the electron cloud density of the ortho and para-position, so the electrophilic substitution is mostly found in the ortho and para-position of methyl and chlorine. For example, when mixed with nitric acid and sulfuric acid, nitro substitutions can be produced.
Second, the nature of halogenated hydrocarbons. The chlorine atom in 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene is active and can react in many ways. In case of nucleophilic reagents, nucleophilic substitution can occur, and chlorine is replaced by other groups. In strong alkali alcohol solutions, it can eliminate reactions and generate unsaturated bonds.
Third, oxidation properties. Methyl can be oxidized, and in case of strong oxidants, it can form carboxyl groups. However, benzene rings are highly stable and difficult to be oxidized under normal conditions.
Fourth, physical properties. 1-Chloro-3-methylbenzene is a colorless liquid with a special odor, insoluble in water, and easily soluble in organic solvents. Its physical constants such as boiling point and melting point depend on the interaction between molecules, which is related to the separation and purification of practical use.
1-chloro-3-methylbenzene has the characteristics of structure, electrophilic substitution, nucleophilic substitution, oxidation and other chemical properties, and specific physical rationality. It is widely used in organic synthesis, chemical production and other fields.
What are the physical properties of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-3-methylbenzene, or m-chlorotoluene, is an organic compound. Its physical properties are unique and it is widely used in many fields.
Looking at its appearance, m-chlorotoluene is a colorless and transparent liquid, which makes it easy to identify and handle in specific scenarios. Its odor is aromatic, but the odor may cause discomfort in high concentrations, so pay attention to ventilation during operation.
The boiling point of m-chlorotoluene is about 161 ° C. This boiling point determines that it will undergo a phase change under specific temperature conditions during operations such as heating or distillation. Its melting point is about -48 ° C, indicating that it may be in a solid state in a low temperature environment. When storing and transporting, it is necessary to pay attention to temperature changes. Its density is about 1.07 g/mL, which is slightly higher than that of water, so it will sink to the bottom when mixed with water.
Isochlorotoluene is insoluble in water, but it can be miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. This solubility makes it often used as a solvent in organic synthesis, providing a suitable medium for chemical reactions.
In addition, the vapor of isochlorotoluene is heavier than air and can spread to a considerable distance at a low place. In case of fire or explosion, it is a flammable liquid with a flash point of 51 ° C. Fire protection measures must be in place when using and storing, and it must be kept away from fire and heat sources to prevent accidents.
In summary, the physical properties of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene have a significant impact on its application, storage and transportation, and it is necessary to operate strictly according to its properties and characteristics to ensure safety and efficiency.
Looking at its appearance, m-chlorotoluene is a colorless and transparent liquid, which makes it easy to identify and handle in specific scenarios. Its odor is aromatic, but the odor may cause discomfort in high concentrations, so pay attention to ventilation during operation.
The boiling point of m-chlorotoluene is about 161 ° C. This boiling point determines that it will undergo a phase change under specific temperature conditions during operations such as heating or distillation. Its melting point is about -48 ° C, indicating that it may be in a solid state in a low temperature environment. When storing and transporting, it is necessary to pay attention to temperature changes. Its density is about 1.07 g/mL, which is slightly higher than that of water, so it will sink to the bottom when mixed with water.
Isochlorotoluene is insoluble in water, but it can be miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. This solubility makes it often used as a solvent in organic synthesis, providing a suitable medium for chemical reactions.
In addition, the vapor of isochlorotoluene is heavier than air and can spread to a considerable distance at a low place. In case of fire or explosion, it is a flammable liquid with a flash point of 51 ° C. Fire protection measures must be in place when using and storing, and it must be kept away from fire and heat sources to prevent accidents.
In summary, the physical properties of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene have a significant impact on its application, storage and transportation, and it is necessary to operate strictly according to its properties and characteristics to ensure safety and efficiency.
What are the main uses of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene?
1-Chloro-3-methylbenzene, also known as m-chlorotoluene, is widely used in chemical industry.
First, it is often a key raw material in the field of organic synthesis. Due to the characteristics of chlorine atoms and methyl groups on the benzene ring, it can lead to various chemical reactions. For example, by nucleophilic substitution reaction, chlorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups, amino groups and other groups, and then synthesize m-methylphenol, m-methylaniline and other compounds. Such products are indispensable in medicine, dyes and other industries. Another example is the Friedel-Crafts reaction, which can introduce other alkyl or acyl groups on the benzene ring to expand the molecular structure and pave the way for the preparation of complex organic compounds.
Second, it is also useful in the field of materials science. The polymer materials made from it have unique properties. For example, engineering plastics containing m-chlorotoluene structure, or have good mechanical properties and chemical stability, can play an important role in the manufacture of automotive and electronic equipment parts, and can improve the durability and reliability of materials.
Third, in the creation of pesticides, also contributed. Compounds derived from m-chlorotoluene are often biologically active and can be used as insecticides, fungicides, etc. Its special molecular structure can precisely act on specific targets of pests or pathogens, kill pests, ensure crop growth, and improve agricultural yield and quality.
Fourth, in the dye industry, it is an important intermediate. A wide variety of dyes can be synthesized through a series of reactions. Its structure can endow dyes with good color, fastness and other properties, and is widely used in textile, printing and dyeing industries to add brilliant colors to fabrics.
First, it is often a key raw material in the field of organic synthesis. Due to the characteristics of chlorine atoms and methyl groups on the benzene ring, it can lead to various chemical reactions. For example, by nucleophilic substitution reaction, chlorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups, amino groups and other groups, and then synthesize m-methylphenol, m-methylaniline and other compounds. Such products are indispensable in medicine, dyes and other industries. Another example is the Friedel-Crafts reaction, which can introduce other alkyl or acyl groups on the benzene ring to expand the molecular structure and pave the way for the preparation of complex organic compounds.
Second, it is also useful in the field of materials science. The polymer materials made from it have unique properties. For example, engineering plastics containing m-chlorotoluene structure, or have good mechanical properties and chemical stability, can play an important role in the manufacture of automotive and electronic equipment parts, and can improve the durability and reliability of materials.
Third, in the creation of pesticides, also contributed. Compounds derived from m-chlorotoluene are often biologically active and can be used as insecticides, fungicides, etc. Its special molecular structure can precisely act on specific targets of pests or pathogens, kill pests, ensure crop growth, and improve agricultural yield and quality.
Fourth, in the dye industry, it is an important intermediate. A wide variety of dyes can be synthesized through a series of reactions. Its structure can endow dyes with good color, fastness and other properties, and is widely used in textile, printing and dyeing industries to add brilliant colors to fabrics.
What are 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene synthesis methods?
1-Chloro-3-methylbenzene, also known as m-chlorotoluene, is prepared by several common methods.
First, m-toluidine is used as the starting material, which can be obtained by diazotization and chlorination. First, m-toluidine is dissolved in a hydrochloric acid solution, and after cooling, it is slowly added to a sodium nitrite solution for diazotization to form a diazonium salt. The diazonium salt is unstable and needs to be reacted immediately with a hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride to undergo a Sandmeier reaction. The diazonium group is replaced by a chlorine atom to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. The reaction conditions of this method are relatively mild, but the temperature of the diazotization reaction needs to be strictly controlled, and the use of sodium nitrite needs to be cautious to prevent danger.
Second, m-xylene is used as raw material and prepared by side-chain chlorination and isomerization reaction. First, m-xylene is subjected to side-chain chlorination reaction with chlorine gas in the presence of light or initiator to generate α-chloro-m-xylene. Afterwards, under the action of catalyst, α-chloro-m-xylene undergoes isomerization reaction, and the chlorine atom is transferred to the benzene ring to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. The raw material of this method is relatively easy to obtain, but the selectivity of the side-chain chlorination process is low, and various by-products may be produced, and the separation and purification are more complicated
Third, toluene is used as raw material, and it is synthesized by Friedel-Crafts alkylation and chlorination reaction. First, toluene and chloromethane are used as raw materials, and under the action of Lewis acid catalyst such as anhydrous aluminum trichloride, Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction occurs to form m-methyltoluene. Then, under appropriate conditions, m-methyltoluene undergoes chlorination reaction on the benzene ring with chlorine gas, and chlorine atoms are introduced to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. There may be regioselectivity problems in the alkylation reaction in this route, and improper control of the chlorination reaction conditions is easy to produce polychlorinated substitutes.
All synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The practical application needs to be carefully selected according to factors such as raw material availability, cost, and product purity requirements.
First, m-toluidine is used as the starting material, which can be obtained by diazotization and chlorination. First, m-toluidine is dissolved in a hydrochloric acid solution, and after cooling, it is slowly added to a sodium nitrite solution for diazotization to form a diazonium salt. The diazonium salt is unstable and needs to be reacted immediately with a hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride to undergo a Sandmeier reaction. The diazonium group is replaced by a chlorine atom to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. The reaction conditions of this method are relatively mild, but the temperature of the diazotization reaction needs to be strictly controlled, and the use of sodium nitrite needs to be cautious to prevent danger.
Second, m-xylene is used as raw material and prepared by side-chain chlorination and isomerization reaction. First, m-xylene is subjected to side-chain chlorination reaction with chlorine gas in the presence of light or initiator to generate α-chloro-m-xylene. Afterwards, under the action of catalyst, α-chloro-m-xylene undergoes isomerization reaction, and the chlorine atom is transferred to the benzene ring to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. The raw material of this method is relatively easy to obtain, but the selectivity of the side-chain chlorination process is low, and various by-products may be produced, and the separation and purification are more complicated
Third, toluene is used as raw material, and it is synthesized by Friedel-Crafts alkylation and chlorination reaction. First, toluene and chloromethane are used as raw materials, and under the action of Lewis acid catalyst such as anhydrous aluminum trichloride, Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction occurs to form m-methyltoluene. Then, under appropriate conditions, m-methyltoluene undergoes chlorination reaction on the benzene ring with chlorine gas, and chlorine atoms are introduced to obtain 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene. There may be regioselectivity problems in the alkylation reaction in this route, and improper control of the chlorination reaction conditions is easy to produce polychlorinated substitutes.
All synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The practical application needs to be carefully selected according to factors such as raw material availability, cost, and product purity requirements.
1-chloro-3-methylbenzene what are the precautions during storage and transportation?
1-Chloro-3-methylbenzene, Chinese name interchlorotoluene, during storage and transportation, many key matters should be paid attention to to to ensure safety.
It is flammable. When storing, it is necessary to choose a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37 ° C. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids and alkalis, and should not be mixed. In the warehouse, suitable materials should be prepared to contain leaks. Furthermore, the storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials.
When transporting, there are also many key points. The transportation vehicle should be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. It is best to transport in the morning and evening in summer. The trough (tank) car used during transportation should have a grounding chain, and holes can be set in the trough to baffle to reduce shock and generate static electricity. It is strictly forbidden to mix with oxidants, acids, alkalis, edible chemicals, etc. During transportation, it should be protected from exposure to the sun, rain, and high temperature. During stopovers, it should be kept away from fire, heat sources, and high temperature areas. The exhaust pipe of the vehicle loading this item must be equipped with a fire arresting device, and it is forbidden to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks for loading and unloading. When transporting by road, it should be driven according to the specified route, and do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas. When transporting by rail, it is forbidden to slip. It is strictly
In this way, careful follow of the above storage and transportation precautions can effectively avoid risks and ensure the safety of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene during circulation.
It is flammable. When storing, it is necessary to choose a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37 ° C. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids and alkalis, and should not be mixed. In the warehouse, suitable materials should be prepared to contain leaks. Furthermore, the storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials.
When transporting, there are also many key points. The transportation vehicle should be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. It is best to transport in the morning and evening in summer. The trough (tank) car used during transportation should have a grounding chain, and holes can be set in the trough to baffle to reduce shock and generate static electricity. It is strictly forbidden to mix with oxidants, acids, alkalis, edible chemicals, etc. During transportation, it should be protected from exposure to the sun, rain, and high temperature. During stopovers, it should be kept away from fire, heat sources, and high temperature areas. The exhaust pipe of the vehicle loading this item must be equipped with a fire arresting device, and it is forbidden to use mechanical equipment and tools that are prone to sparks for loading and unloading. When transporting by road, it should be driven according to the specified route, and do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas. When transporting by rail, it is forbidden to slip. It is strictly
In this way, careful follow of the above storage and transportation precautions can effectively avoid risks and ensure the safety of 1-chloro-3-methylbenzene during circulation.
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