Linshang Chemical
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1-Chloro-3-Nitrobenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
870052 |
| Chemical Formula | C6H4ClNO2 |
| Molar Mass | 157.55 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellow - green solid |
| Odor | Characteristic |
| Density | 1.368 g/cm³ (at 20 °C) |
| Melting Point | 33 - 36 °C |
| Boiling Point | 235 - 237 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in many organic solvents like ethanol, ether |
| Flash Point | 111 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | Low vapor pressure |
As an accredited 1-Chloro-3-Nitrobenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 1 - chloro - 3 - nitrobenzene: Packed in 500 - gram bottles for chemical storage. |
| Storage | 1 - Chloro - 3 - nitrobenzene should be stored in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area away from heat sources, ignition sources, and incompatible substances. Keep it in tightly closed containers made of materials resistant to corrosion. Store separately from oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and reactive metals to prevent dangerous reactions. |
| Shipping | 1 - Chloro - 3 - nitrobenzene is a hazardous chemical. It should be shipped in well - sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. Follow strict regulations, label clearly, and ensure proper handling to prevent leakage and environmental or safety risks. |
Competitive 1-Chloro-3-Nitrobenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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What are the main uses of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene?
1 + -
-3-aminonaphthalene has a wide range of uses. It is used in the dye industry and can be the basis for the synthesis of a variety of bright-colored dyes. Its molecular structure is unique, and through various chemical changes, it can produce dyes with specific colors and fastness. It is used in fabric printing and dyeing. The color is gorgeous and long-lasting, which enhances the color of clothes and adds color to the textile printing and dyeing industry.
In the field of medicine, it also has important uses. Using it as a starting material, through delicate chemical modification and synthesis, it can prepare compounds with specific pharmacological activities. Or it is an antibacterial agent, which can inhibit the reproduction of pathogens and treat human diseases; or it is an anti-cancer drug, which targets cancer cells and prevents their proliferation, and opens up new avenues for pharmaceutical research and development.
In the field of materials science, 1 + -
-3-aminonaphthalene also shows its skills. It can participate in the preparation of special polymer materials. After polymerization, its structure is integrated into the polymer chain, giving the material unique properties. For example, to increase the thermal stability of the material, it can still maintain good physical properties in high temperature environments; or to modify the electrical properties of the material to make it have specific electrical properties such as conductivity or insulation, and is widely used in high-end fields such as electronic devices and aerospace.
In organic synthetic chemistry, this compound is a key intermediate. The construction of many complex organic molecules often relies on its active groups to initiate reactions. With their well-designed synthetic routes, chemists introduce different functional groups to expand the structural diversity of organic compounds, laying the foundation for the creation of new substances and the progress of chemical science.
-3-aminonaphthalene has a wide range of uses. It is used in the dye industry and can be the basis for the synthesis of a variety of bright-colored dyes. Its molecular structure is unique, and through various chemical changes, it can produce dyes with specific colors and fastness. It is used in fabric printing and dyeing. The color is gorgeous and long-lasting, which enhances the color of clothes and adds color to the textile printing and dyeing industry.
In the field of medicine, it also has important uses. Using it as a starting material, through delicate chemical modification and synthesis, it can prepare compounds with specific pharmacological activities. Or it is an antibacterial agent, which can inhibit the reproduction of pathogens and treat human diseases; or it is an anti-cancer drug, which targets cancer cells and prevents their proliferation, and opens up new avenues for pharmaceutical research and development.
In the field of materials science, 1 + -
-3-aminonaphthalene also shows its skills. It can participate in the preparation of special polymer materials. After polymerization, its structure is integrated into the polymer chain, giving the material unique properties. For example, to increase the thermal stability of the material, it can still maintain good physical properties in high temperature environments; or to modify the electrical properties of the material to make it have specific electrical properties such as conductivity or insulation, and is widely used in high-end fields such as electronic devices and aerospace.
In organic synthetic chemistry, this compound is a key intermediate. The construction of many complex organic molecules often relies on its active groups to initiate reactions. With their well-designed synthetic routes, chemists introduce different functional groups to expand the structural diversity of organic compounds, laying the foundation for the creation of new substances and the progress of chemical science.
What are the physical properties of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene?
Mercury is a metallic element that is liquid at room temperature, with a silver luster, high density, and good fluidity. It is volatile and forms mercury vapor, which is toxic.
Triaminosilane, when it is a specific silicon compound. Silicon compounds often have a variety of physical properties. Generally speaking, most are solid, and the hardness may vary. Some have good chemical stability and can withstand the attack of certain chemical substances; some or have special electrical properties, which are used in the field of electronics. And its properties may change at different temperatures and environments, such as decomposition or phase transformation when heated.
Mercury is often used in thermometers, sphygmomanometers, etc., by virtue of its thermal expansion and contraction characteristics to measure temperature and pressure. However, due to the toxicity of mercury, the use and disposal need to be cautious. Triaminosilane compounds, depending on their specific properties, may be used in the fields of material synthesis, electronic component manufacturing, etc., and are important raw materials for related industries.
Triaminosilane, when it is a specific silicon compound. Silicon compounds often have a variety of physical properties. Generally speaking, most are solid, and the hardness may vary. Some have good chemical stability and can withstand the attack of certain chemical substances; some or have special electrical properties, which are used in the field of electronics. And its properties may change at different temperatures and environments, such as decomposition or phase transformation when heated.
Mercury is often used in thermometers, sphygmomanometers, etc., by virtue of its thermal expansion and contraction characteristics to measure temperature and pressure. However, due to the toxicity of mercury, the use and disposal need to be cautious. Triaminosilane compounds, depending on their specific properties, may be used in the fields of material synthesis, electronic component manufacturing, etc., and are important raw materials for related industries.
What are the chemical properties of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene?
The chemical properties of the triaminonaphthalene of gas are unique and interesting. This substance is alkaline, because of its amino group. The nitrogen atom in the amino group contains lone pairs of electrons, which can be combined with protons, so it shows the sign of alkalinity.
also has nucleophilic properties. This is because the nitrogen atom of the amino group is rich in electrons, and it is easy to attack the electrophilic reagents during chemical reactions, and then show nucleophilic properties. For example, when it encounters halogenated hydrocarbons, the nitrogen atom of the amino group nucleophilic replaces the halogen atom, giving rise to new compounds.
It also shows a certain degree of reductivity. The valence of the nitrogen atom in the amino group is not in the highest valence state, and under suitable conditions, it can be oxidized and show reductivity. For example, under the action of strong oxidants, the valence of nitrogen atoms increases, and the compound itself undergoes oxidation reaction.
And because of its conjugated system, it has unique electron delocalization characteristics, which also affects its chemical properties. The existence of the conjugated system makes the electron cloud distribution more even, the stability of the compound is enhanced, and its spectral properties are also affected.
In the field of organic synthesis, gas-triaminonaphthalene is often an important synthetic intermediate due to its special chemical properties. With its alkalinity, nucleophilicity and reduction, it can participate in many chemical reactions and construct various complex organic compound structures, contributing a lot to the development of organic chemistry.
also has nucleophilic properties. This is because the nitrogen atom of the amino group is rich in electrons, and it is easy to attack the electrophilic reagents during chemical reactions, and then show nucleophilic properties. For example, when it encounters halogenated hydrocarbons, the nitrogen atom of the amino group nucleophilic replaces the halogen atom, giving rise to new compounds.
It also shows a certain degree of reductivity. The valence of the nitrogen atom in the amino group is not in the highest valence state, and under suitable conditions, it can be oxidized and show reductivity. For example, under the action of strong oxidants, the valence of nitrogen atoms increases, and the compound itself undergoes oxidation reaction.
And because of its conjugated system, it has unique electron delocalization characteristics, which also affects its chemical properties. The existence of the conjugated system makes the electron cloud distribution more even, the stability of the compound is enhanced, and its spectral properties are also affected.
In the field of organic synthesis, gas-triaminonaphthalene is often an important synthetic intermediate due to its special chemical properties. With its alkalinity, nucleophilicity and reduction, it can participate in many chemical reactions and construct various complex organic compound structures, contributing a lot to the development of organic chemistry.
What are the synthesis methods of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene?
There are many ways to synthesize 1-bromo-3-aminobenzene. The following are common methods:
First, benzene is used as the starting material. First, benzene is nitrified to obtain nitrobenzene. Using mixed acid (a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid) as a reagent, at a suitable temperature, the nitro group can be introduced into the benzene ring. After iron powder and hydrochloric acid are used as reducing agents, the nitro group in nitrobenzene is reduced to an amino group to obtain aniline. However, the activity of aniline is quite high and it is easy to overreact. Therefore, the amino group needs to be protected, which can make aniline react with acetic anhydride to form acetaniline, which is a means of protecting the amino group. Then, using bromine as a reagent, in the presence of suitable catalysts such as iron tribromide, the bromine atom can be introduced into the para-position and ortho-position of the amino group on the benzene ring, because the amino group is the ortho-position locator. Then through the step of hydrolysis, the acetyl group is left and the amino group is restored. Finally, the method of selective reduction is used to treat the bromogenic product of the ortho-position through a specific reducing agent, so that only the para-position bromine is retained to achieve the synthesis of 1-bromo-3-aminobenzene.
Second, benzoic acid is used as the starting material. First nitrate the benzoic acid to obtain 3-nitrobenzoic acid. Using the mixed acid of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, the nitro group is introduced into the intermediate position of benzoic acid, because the carboxyl group is the meta-localization group. Then the nitro group is reduced to the amino group to obtain 3-aminobenzoic acid. After the diazotization reaction, the 3-aminobenzoic acid is treated with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperature to form a diazoate. Then the Sandmeier reaction occurs with cuprous bromide and hydrobromic acid as reagents, and the diazoyl group is replaced by the bromine atom to obtain 3-bromobenzoic acid. Finally, the carboxyl group is converted into methyl group through a specific reduction method, such as the reduction of lithium aluminum hydride, etc., and then the position of the substituent is adjusted through a series of reactions to finally synthesize 1-bro
Third, m-bromoaniline is used as the starting material. Diazonium salts can be formed by diazotization of m-bromoaniline. Then, with suitable reagents, such as hypophosphoric acid, the diazonium group is replaced by hydrogen atoms to obtain m-bromobenzene. After a series of reactions, such as Fu-gram alkylation reaction, a suitable substituent is introduced, and the state of the substituent is adjusted through oxidation and reduction steps, and finally the synthesis of 1-bromo-3-aminobenzene is achieved. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate synthesis path must be selected according to the actual situation, such as the availability of raw materials, the difficulty of reaction, and the consideration of cost.
First, benzene is used as the starting material. First, benzene is nitrified to obtain nitrobenzene. Using mixed acid (a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid) as a reagent, at a suitable temperature, the nitro group can be introduced into the benzene ring. After iron powder and hydrochloric acid are used as reducing agents, the nitro group in nitrobenzene is reduced to an amino group to obtain aniline. However, the activity of aniline is quite high and it is easy to overreact. Therefore, the amino group needs to be protected, which can make aniline react with acetic anhydride to form acetaniline, which is a means of protecting the amino group. Then, using bromine as a reagent, in the presence of suitable catalysts such as iron tribromide, the bromine atom can be introduced into the para-position and ortho-position of the amino group on the benzene ring, because the amino group is the ortho-position locator. Then through the step of hydrolysis, the acetyl group is left and the amino group is restored. Finally, the method of selective reduction is used to treat the bromogenic product of the ortho-position through a specific reducing agent, so that only the para-position bromine is retained to achieve the synthesis of 1-bromo-3-aminobenzene.
Second, benzoic acid is used as the starting material. First nitrate the benzoic acid to obtain 3-nitrobenzoic acid. Using the mixed acid of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, the nitro group is introduced into the intermediate position of benzoic acid, because the carboxyl group is the meta-localization group. Then the nitro group is reduced to the amino group to obtain 3-aminobenzoic acid. After the diazotization reaction, the 3-aminobenzoic acid is treated with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperature to form a diazoate. Then the Sandmeier reaction occurs with cuprous bromide and hydrobromic acid as reagents, and the diazoyl group is replaced by the bromine atom to obtain 3-bromobenzoic acid. Finally, the carboxyl group is converted into methyl group through a specific reduction method, such as the reduction of lithium aluminum hydride, etc., and then the position of the substituent is adjusted through a series of reactions to finally synthesize 1-bro
Third, m-bromoaniline is used as the starting material. Diazonium salts can be formed by diazotization of m-bromoaniline. Then, with suitable reagents, such as hypophosphoric acid, the diazonium group is replaced by hydrogen atoms to obtain m-bromobenzene. After a series of reactions, such as Fu-gram alkylation reaction, a suitable substituent is introduced, and the state of the substituent is adjusted through oxidation and reduction steps, and finally the synthesis of 1-bromo-3-aminobenzene is achieved. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The appropriate synthesis path must be selected according to the actual situation, such as the availability of raw materials, the difficulty of reaction, and the consideration of cost.
What are the precautions for storing and transporting 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene?
In the process of 1 + - 3-helium storage and storage, the following things should be paid attention to:
First, 3-3 is a radioactive substance, and its radioactivity is weak, so it should not be dropped. In order to survive, it is necessary to take appropriate shielding materials, such as slabs, thick concrete, etc., to effectively block its emission, avoid exposure to the radiation, and endanger the surrounding people and environment. In the final period, the tools are also equipped with perfect shielding, and the road is properly protected to avoid the crowded area.
Second, the chemical properties of 3-3 are not active, and it is easy to cause many objects to react. Therefore, the storage container must be made of corrosion-resistant and well-sealed materials to prevent the leakage of external objects from reacting, leading to multiple hazards. Attention should also be paid to avoid the mixing of other incompatible substances and prevent accidents.
Third, because of its use of special nuclear materials, the operation of the storage system should follow the nuclear safety laws and regulations issued by the country. It is necessary to formulate procedures for the construction and operation of the storage system, and it is necessary to comply with legal requirements. The personnel need to be trained and familiar with the safety operation procedures of the relevant equipment, and have the ability to handle unexpected incidents.
Fourth, it is necessary to build a perfect system. In the storage place, it is necessary to ensure the safety of the storage station, the leakage of the storage station, and the like, so as to be able to detect the leakage and shooting of the storage station. The equipment should also be configured on the way, and the whole process should be tracked. Once it is installed, effective measures should be taken immediately to solve it. In this way, the safety of the storage process can be guaranteed.
First, 3-3 is a radioactive substance, and its radioactivity is weak, so it should not be dropped. In order to survive, it is necessary to take appropriate shielding materials, such as slabs, thick concrete, etc., to effectively block its emission, avoid exposure to the radiation, and endanger the surrounding people and environment. In the final period, the tools are also equipped with perfect shielding, and the road is properly protected to avoid the crowded area.
Second, the chemical properties of 3-3 are not active, and it is easy to cause many objects to react. Therefore, the storage container must be made of corrosion-resistant and well-sealed materials to prevent the leakage of external objects from reacting, leading to multiple hazards. Attention should also be paid to avoid the mixing of other incompatible substances and prevent accidents.
Third, because of its use of special nuclear materials, the operation of the storage system should follow the nuclear safety laws and regulations issued by the country. It is necessary to formulate procedures for the construction and operation of the storage system, and it is necessary to comply with legal requirements. The personnel need to be trained and familiar with the safety operation procedures of the relevant equipment, and have the ability to handle unexpected incidents.
Fourth, it is necessary to build a perfect system. In the storage place, it is necessary to ensure the safety of the storage station, the leakage of the storage station, and the like, so as to be able to detect the leakage and shooting of the storage station. The equipment should also be configured on the way, and the whole process should be tracked. Once it is installed, effective measures should be taken immediately to solve it. In this way, the safety of the storage process can be guaranteed.
What are the main uses of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene?
1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene is also an organic compound. It has a wide range of uses and is used in various fields of chemical industry.
First, it is a raw material for the synthesis of medicine. Medical science is related to people's livelihood, and the synthesis of medicine is very important. 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene can be converted into pharmaceutical ingredients with specific curative effects through many chemical reactions. For example, in the preparation of some antibacterial drugs, this is used as a starting material. After delicate chemical steps, substances that can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria can be prepared, which makes great contributions to the treatment and saving of people.
Second, it is used in the synthesis of dyes. The color of dyes can dye fabrics, enhancing their appearance. 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene participates in the dye synthesis process, which can endow the dye with unique structure and properties, making it present rich and bright colors. After dyeing fabrics, it has good color fastness and is not easy to fade. It is widely used in the textile printing and dyeing industry, making the fabrics of the world colorful.
Third, it is also useful in the synthesis of pesticides. Pesticides are also tools for protecting farmers. Based on 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene, a variety of pesticide ingredients can be synthesized. Such pesticides can effectively control pests and diseases of crops, ensure the growth of crops, improve grain production, and play an important role in agricultural production, which is related to the food of all people.
Fourth, it is an intermediate for organic synthesis. The science of organic synthesis is delicate and complex. 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene can be used as a key intermediate due to its unique chemical structure, reacting with many reagents to derive various organic compounds, opening up a broad road for organic chemistry research and industrial production, and promoting the continuous progress of organic synthesis.
First, it is a raw material for the synthesis of medicine. Medical science is related to people's livelihood, and the synthesis of medicine is very important. 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene can be converted into pharmaceutical ingredients with specific curative effects through many chemical reactions. For example, in the preparation of some antibacterial drugs, this is used as a starting material. After delicate chemical steps, substances that can effectively inhibit the growth of bacteria can be prepared, which makes great contributions to the treatment and saving of people.
Second, it is used in the synthesis of dyes. The color of dyes can dye fabrics, enhancing their appearance. 1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene participates in the dye synthesis process, which can endow the dye with unique structure and properties, making it present rich and bright colors. After dyeing fabrics, it has good color fastness and is not easy to fade. It is widely used in the textile printing and dyeing industry, making the fabrics of the world colorful.
Third, it is also useful in the synthesis of pesticides. Pesticides are also tools for protecting farmers. Based on 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene, a variety of pesticide ingredients can be synthesized. Such pesticides can effectively control pests and diseases of crops, ensure the growth of crops, improve grain production, and play an important role in agricultural production, which is related to the food of all people.
Fourth, it is an intermediate for organic synthesis. The science of organic synthesis is delicate and complex. 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene can be used as a key intermediate due to its unique chemical structure, reacting with many reagents to derive various organic compounds, opening up a broad road for organic chemistry research and industrial production, and promoting the continuous progress of organic synthesis.
What are the physical properties of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene?
1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene is an organic compound. It has unique physical properties, let me tell you one by one.
First of all, its appearance, under room temperature, is mostly light yellow to light brown crystalline powder, the appearance of unique color, quite eye-catching. This substance is relatively stable in air, but it also needs to be properly stored to prevent accidents.
When it comes to melting point, it is about 48-50 ° C. Such a melting point is of great significance in many chemical reactions and practical applications. When the temperature rises to this range, 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene gradually melts from a solid state to a liquid state, just like ice and snow melting in the warm sun, showing a wonderful transformation of matter with temperature.
Besides, the boiling point is about 235 ° C. When the temperature rises to this point, it converts from a liquid state to a gaseous state, and in a confined space, the vapor pressure will also change accordingly. This characteristic is a key consideration in chemical operations such as distillation and separation.
Its density is about 1.479 g/cm ³, which is slightly higher than that of water. Therefore, if it is placed in one place with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water like a stone.
Solubility is also an important physical property. 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene is slightly soluble in water, just like a dragonfly, and it is difficult to blend with water. However, it can dissolve well in most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, benzene, etc., just like a fish entering water and swimming freely. This property provides many conveniences for its application in organic synthesis and other fields.
In addition, 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene has a certain odor. Although it is not pungent and intolerable, it cannot be ignored. The characteristics of odor can be used to judge its existence and concentration in actual operation and use scenarios.
First of all, its appearance, under room temperature, is mostly light yellow to light brown crystalline powder, the appearance of unique color, quite eye-catching. This substance is relatively stable in air, but it also needs to be properly stored to prevent accidents.
When it comes to melting point, it is about 48-50 ° C. Such a melting point is of great significance in many chemical reactions and practical applications. When the temperature rises to this range, 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene gradually melts from a solid state to a liquid state, just like ice and snow melting in the warm sun, showing a wonderful transformation of matter with temperature.
Besides, the boiling point is about 235 ° C. When the temperature rises to this point, it converts from a liquid state to a gaseous state, and in a confined space, the vapor pressure will also change accordingly. This characteristic is a key consideration in chemical operations such as distillation and separation.
Its density is about 1.479 g/cm ³, which is slightly higher than that of water. Therefore, if it is placed in one place with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water like a stone.
Solubility is also an important physical property. 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene is slightly soluble in water, just like a dragonfly, and it is difficult to blend with water. However, it can dissolve well in most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, benzene, etc., just like a fish entering water and swimming freely. This property provides many conveniences for its application in organic synthesis and other fields.
In addition, 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene has a certain odor. Although it is not pungent and intolerable, it cannot be ignored. The characteristics of odor can be used to judge its existence and concentration in actual operation and use scenarios.
What are the chemical properties of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene?
1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene is also an organic compound. It is active and has special chemical properties.
The first word about its substitution reaction. The chlorine atom on the benzene ring can undergo nucleophilic substitution due to the influence of the nitro group. The capped nitro group has strong electron absorption, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, and the chlorine atom is easier to dissociate, which is attacked by nucleophilic reagents. In case of hydroxyl negative ions, chlorine can be replaced by hydroxyl groups to form 3-nitrophenol.
On its reduction reaction. Nitro groups can be reduced under suitable conditions. If iron and hydrochloric acid are used as reducing agents, nitro groups can be gradually converted into amino groups to obtain 3-chloroaniline. This reaction is very important for organic synthesis of aromatic amines.
Furthermore, 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene can participate in electrophilic substitution. Although the nitro group is a meta-locator, the activity of the benzene ring is reduced, under certain conditions, other groups can still be introduced into the benzene ring at the meta-site. If co-heated with fuming sulfuric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, a sulfonation reaction can occur, and a sulfonic acid group is introduced at the meta-site.
Its halogenation reaction is also unique. Due to the localization effect of nitro and chlorine atoms, when further halogenated, halogen atoms are mostly introduced into the benzene ring meta-site
In addition, 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene is toxic because it contains nitro and chlorine atoms, and contact or ingestion may endanger organisms. When using and handling, use caution and follow safety procedures.
The first word about its substitution reaction. The chlorine atom on the benzene ring can undergo nucleophilic substitution due to the influence of the nitro group. The capped nitro group has strong electron absorption, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, and the chlorine atom is easier to dissociate, which is attacked by nucleophilic reagents. In case of hydroxyl negative ions, chlorine can be replaced by hydroxyl groups to form 3-nitrophenol.
On its reduction reaction. Nitro groups can be reduced under suitable conditions. If iron and hydrochloric acid are used as reducing agents, nitro groups can be gradually converted into amino groups to obtain 3-chloroaniline. This reaction is very important for organic synthesis of aromatic amines.
Furthermore, 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene can participate in electrophilic substitution. Although the nitro group is a meta-locator, the activity of the benzene ring is reduced, under certain conditions, other groups can still be introduced into the benzene ring at the meta-site. If co-heated with fuming sulfuric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, a sulfonation reaction can occur, and a sulfonic acid group is introduced at the meta-site.
Its halogenation reaction is also unique. Due to the localization effect of nitro and chlorine atoms, when further halogenated, halogen atoms are mostly introduced into the benzene ring meta-site
In addition, 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene is toxic because it contains nitro and chlorine atoms, and contact or ingestion may endanger organisms. When using and handling, use caution and follow safety procedures.
What are the preparation methods of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene?
1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene, as well as organic compounds, can be prepared by several methods, which are described in detail as follows:
First, m-chloroaniline is used as the starting material, and can be obtained through the steps of diazotization and nitrification. First, the m-chloroaniline is co-placed with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at a low temperature, and the reaction of diazotization is carried out to obtain the m-chlorobenzene diazosalt. Afterwards, the diazosalt is mixed with sodium nitrite and sulfuric acid. At a suitable temperature, the diazoyl group is replaced by the nitro group to form 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene. In this way, the temperature during diazotization must be strictly controlled to prevent the decomposition of the diazosalt and the impurity of the product.
Second, benzene is used as the initial raw material and is chlorinated and nitrified. First, benzene and chlorine are chlorinated with the help of catalysts such as iron trichloride to obtain chlorobenzene. Then, chlorobenzene is co-heated with mixed acid (a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid) and nitrified. However, in this step, the product has three isomers: o, m, and p. To obtain 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene, it needs to be separated and purified by fractionation, extraction, etc. The ratio of mixed acid, the temperature and time of the reaction all have a great influence on the proportion and purity of the product, and cannot be ignored.
Third, with m-nitroaniline as the starting material, it can be prepared by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. Shilling m-nitroaniline under the action of hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite to form m-nitrobenzene diazosalt at low temperature. After that, the diazosalt is taken and heated with cuprous chloride and hydrochloric acid, and the diazoyl group is replaced by a chlorine atom to obtain 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene. During the Sandmeier reaction, the amount of cuprous chloride and the reaction temperature are crucial to the reaction process and yield.
The various methods for preparing 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene have their own strengths and weaknesses. When applying in practice, it should be carefully selected according to various factors such as the availability of raw materials, cost considerations, and product purity requirements.
First, m-chloroaniline is used as the starting material, and can be obtained through the steps of diazotization and nitrification. First, the m-chloroaniline is co-placed with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at a low temperature, and the reaction of diazotization is carried out to obtain the m-chlorobenzene diazosalt. Afterwards, the diazosalt is mixed with sodium nitrite and sulfuric acid. At a suitable temperature, the diazoyl group is replaced by the nitro group to form 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene. In this way, the temperature during diazotization must be strictly controlled to prevent the decomposition of the diazosalt and the impurity of the product.
Second, benzene is used as the initial raw material and is chlorinated and nitrified. First, benzene and chlorine are chlorinated with the help of catalysts such as iron trichloride to obtain chlorobenzene. Then, chlorobenzene is co-heated with mixed acid (a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid) and nitrified. However, in this step, the product has three isomers: o, m, and p. To obtain 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene, it needs to be separated and purified by fractionation, extraction, etc. The ratio of mixed acid, the temperature and time of the reaction all have a great influence on the proportion and purity of the product, and cannot be ignored.
Third, with m-nitroaniline as the starting material, it can be prepared by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. Shilling m-nitroaniline under the action of hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite to form m-nitrobenzene diazosalt at low temperature. After that, the diazosalt is taken and heated with cuprous chloride and hydrochloric acid, and the diazoyl group is replaced by a chlorine atom to obtain 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene. During the Sandmeier reaction, the amount of cuprous chloride and the reaction temperature are crucial to the reaction process and yield.
The various methods for preparing 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene have their own strengths and weaknesses. When applying in practice, it should be carefully selected according to various factors such as the availability of raw materials, cost considerations, and product purity requirements.
1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene what are the precautions during use
1-Chloro-3-nitrobenzene is also an organic compound. During use, many matters need to be paid attention to.
First safety protection. This compound is toxic and can cause harm if it touches the skin, inhales its gas or takes it by mistake. Therefore, when using it, be sure to wear protective clothing, gloves and goggles, and operate in a well-ventilated place to prevent toxins from entering the body.
Second words its storage. It should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources. Because it encounters open flames and hot topics, there is a risk of combustion and explosion. And should be placed separately from oxidants and edible chemicals, do not mix storage to avoid dangerous chemical reactions.
In addition, careful operation is also required during use. Be sure to handle it with care during use to avoid leakage caused by damage to the container. If it is unfortunate to leak, quickly evacuate the personnel from the contaminated area to a safe area and isolate them, strictly restricting access. Emergency personnel must wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and wear anti-toxic clothing. Do not let leaks come into contact with combustible substances. Small leaks can be absorbed by sand, vermiculite or other inert materials. If there are large leaks, they need to build embankments or dig pits for containment, and transfer them to tanks or special collectors for recycling or transportation to waste disposal sites.
In addition, the disposal of waste after use should not be ignored. It should be handed over to a professional organization for treatment in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and should not be discarded at will to prevent environmental pollution. In short, the use of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene must be strictly adhered to and handled with caution to ensure safety.
First safety protection. This compound is toxic and can cause harm if it touches the skin, inhales its gas or takes it by mistake. Therefore, when using it, be sure to wear protective clothing, gloves and goggles, and operate in a well-ventilated place to prevent toxins from entering the body.
Second words its storage. It should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources. Because it encounters open flames and hot topics, there is a risk of combustion and explosion. And should be placed separately from oxidants and edible chemicals, do not mix storage to avoid dangerous chemical reactions.
In addition, careful operation is also required during use. Be sure to handle it with care during use to avoid leakage caused by damage to the container. If it is unfortunate to leak, quickly evacuate the personnel from the contaminated area to a safe area and isolate them, strictly restricting access. Emergency personnel must wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and wear anti-toxic clothing. Do not let leaks come into contact with combustible substances. Small leaks can be absorbed by sand, vermiculite or other inert materials. If there are large leaks, they need to build embankments or dig pits for containment, and transfer them to tanks or special collectors for recycling or transportation to waste disposal sites.
In addition, the disposal of waste after use should not be ignored. It should be handed over to a professional organization for treatment in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and should not be discarded at will to prevent environmental pollution. In short, the use of 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene must be strictly adhered to and handled with caution to ensure safety.
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