Linshang Chemical
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1-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
629381 |
| Chemical Formula | C6H4ClF |
| Molar Mass | 128.546 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Characteristic aromatic odor |
| Density | 1.22 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | 116 - 117 °C |
| Melting Point | -43 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in common organic solvents like ethanol, ether |
| Flash Point | 16 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | At 20 °C, relatively low vapor pressure |
As an accredited 1-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 1 - chloro - 4 - fluorobenzene packaged in 5 - liter drums. |
| Storage | 1 - Chloro - 4 - fluorobenzene should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area, away from heat sources and open flames. Keep it in a tightly sealed container made of compatible materials, like steel or certain plastics, to prevent leakage. Store it separately from oxidizing agents and reactive chemicals to avoid potential reactions. Ensure proper labeling for easy identification. |
| Shipping | 1 - chloro - 4 - fluorobenzene is shipped in tightly sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. These are transported by specialized chemical carriers, ensuring compliance with safety regulations to prevent leakage and maintain product integrity during transit. |
Competitive 1-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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As a leading 1-Chloro-4-Fluorobenzene supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.
What are the main uses of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene, also known as p-chlorofluorobenzene, is an important member of the field of organic compounds. It has critical uses in chemical synthesis, pharmaceutical preparation and materials science, and is an indispensable chemical.
In the field of chemical synthesis, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is a key intermediate. Due to the unique activity of chlorine atoms and fluorine atoms in the molecular structure, it can participate in many organic reactions. For example, in nucleophilic substitution reactions, chlorine atoms or fluorine atoms can be replaced by other functional groups to construct various complex organic molecular structures. With this kind of reaction, many high-value-added fine chemicals can be synthesized, such as pesticides, fragrances and dyes, which play a pivotal role in the process of product diversification in the chemical industry.
At the level of pharmaceutical preparation, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene also plays a crucial role. It is often used as a starting material or a key intermediate in the synthesis of many drug molecules. Pharmacochemical studies have shown that its structural properties can impart specific biological activities and pharmacokinetic properties to drug molecules. In the preparation of many antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and neurological drugs, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is used to shape drug molecules that meet therapeutic needs through a series of chemical transformations, making great contributions to human health.
In the field of materials science, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene also shows unique value. With the vigorous development of new materials, it can be used as an important monomer for the synthesis of special polymer materials. By polymerizing with other monomers, polymer materials with special properties can be prepared, such as materials with excellent heat resistance, chemical corrosion resistance or electrical properties. Such materials have a wide range of application prospects in high-end fields such as electronics and aerospace, and help related industries move towards a higher level of development.
In summary, although 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is a member of organic compounds, its key role in chemical synthesis, pharmaceutical preparation and materials science has made it an important force for the progress and development of many industries.
In the field of chemical synthesis, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is a key intermediate. Due to the unique activity of chlorine atoms and fluorine atoms in the molecular structure, it can participate in many organic reactions. For example, in nucleophilic substitution reactions, chlorine atoms or fluorine atoms can be replaced by other functional groups to construct various complex organic molecular structures. With this kind of reaction, many high-value-added fine chemicals can be synthesized, such as pesticides, fragrances and dyes, which play a pivotal role in the process of product diversification in the chemical industry.
At the level of pharmaceutical preparation, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene also plays a crucial role. It is often used as a starting material or a key intermediate in the synthesis of many drug molecules. Pharmacochemical studies have shown that its structural properties can impart specific biological activities and pharmacokinetic properties to drug molecules. In the preparation of many antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and neurological drugs, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is used to shape drug molecules that meet therapeutic needs through a series of chemical transformations, making great contributions to human health.
In the field of materials science, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene also shows unique value. With the vigorous development of new materials, it can be used as an important monomer for the synthesis of special polymer materials. By polymerizing with other monomers, polymer materials with special properties can be prepared, such as materials with excellent heat resistance, chemical corrosion resistance or electrical properties. Such materials have a wide range of application prospects in high-end fields such as electronics and aerospace, and help related industries move towards a higher level of development.
In summary, although 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is a member of organic compounds, its key role in chemical synthesis, pharmaceutical preparation and materials science has made it an important force for the progress and development of many industries.
What are the physical properties of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene is an organic compound with specific physical properties. It is a colorless to light yellow liquid that is stable at room temperature and pressure. Viewed, this substance is clear and transparent, and has a special aromatic smell. This smell is related to the characteristic smell of benzene series compounds, because the compound contains a benzene ring structure.
When it comes to the melting point, the melting point of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is about -43 ° C, and the boiling point is about 117-119 ° C. Such a melting point causes it to be liquid in general environment, but the boiling point is not high, and it is easy to evaporate into a gaseous state when heated or exposed to high temperatures.
1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene has a higher density than water, about 1.22 g/cm ³. If mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. In addition, the substance is slightly soluble in water, because it is a non-polar molecule, and water is a polar molecule. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", the two are insoluble. However, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is soluble in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. Organic solvents are mostly non-polar or weakly polar, and are similar in structure to 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, so they are miscible.
1 - chloro - 4 - fluorobenzene is volatile. In an open environment, its molecules are easy to escape from the liquid into the air. Due to its volatility and special odor, ventilation should be paid attention to when using it to avoid damage to health due to excessive inhalation.
Furthermore, 1 - chloro - 4 - fluorobenzene is flammable and can burn in case of open flame or hot topic. When burning, harmful gases such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride may be generated. Therefore, when storing and using, it should be kept away from fire and heat sources to prevent fire and explosion accidents.
When it comes to the melting point, the melting point of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is about -43 ° C, and the boiling point is about 117-119 ° C. Such a melting point causes it to be liquid in general environment, but the boiling point is not high, and it is easy to evaporate into a gaseous state when heated or exposed to high temperatures.
1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene has a higher density than water, about 1.22 g/cm ³. If mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. In addition, the substance is slightly soluble in water, because it is a non-polar molecule, and water is a polar molecule. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", the two are insoluble. However, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is soluble in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. Organic solvents are mostly non-polar or weakly polar, and are similar in structure to 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, so they are miscible.
1 - chloro - 4 - fluorobenzene is volatile. In an open environment, its molecules are easy to escape from the liquid into the air. Due to its volatility and special odor, ventilation should be paid attention to when using it to avoid damage to health due to excessive inhalation.
Furthermore, 1 - chloro - 4 - fluorobenzene is flammable and can burn in case of open flame or hot topic. When burning, harmful gases such as hydrogen chloride and hydrogen fluoride may be generated. Therefore, when storing and using, it should be kept away from fire and heat sources to prevent fire and explosion accidents.
What are the chemical properties of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene?
1 - chloro - 4 - fluorobenzene, that is, p - chlorofluorobenzene, is an organic compound. It has unique chemical properties and has important uses in many fields.
First of all, its chemical activity. Due to the existence of chlorine and fluorine atoms, the electron cloud density of the benzene ring changes, making it more prone to electrophilic substitution than benzene. In case of electrophilic reagents, hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring can be replaced. Among them, chlorine and fluorine atoms have different localization effects on electrophilic substitution reactions. Chlorine is an ortho-and para-site group, and fluorine is also an ortho-and para-site group. The two work together to make the reaction mainly occur in the ortho-and para-site of chlorine and fluorine. However, due to the strong electronegativity of fluorine atoms, although it is an ortho-and para-localized group, it has a strong electron-absorbing induction effect on benzene ring electron clouds, which affects the reaction activity and product distribution to a certain extent.
Furthermore, it can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions. Although the nucleophilic substitution reaction of halogen atoms on benzene rings is usually difficult to occur, under certain conditions, such as high temperature, strong base or the presence of catalysts, chlorine or fluorine atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic reagents. This reaction provides a way for the synthesis of new organic compounds.
And because of its chlorine and fluorine atoms, p-chlorofluorobenzene has certain chemical stability. Under general conditions, it can resist the erosion of some chemical reagents, which is conducive to the preservation and use as a reaction intermediate or raw material in
In addition, p-chlorofluorobenzene can undergo metallization reactions. Interacting with metal reagents, metal atoms can be introduced into the benzene ring. This metallization product can further participate in various organic synthesis reactions, such as coupling with halogenated hydrocarbons to construct more complex organic molecular structures.
In summary, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene exhibits unique chemical properties due to the characteristics of chlorine and fluorine atoms, and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. It is an important raw material for the preparation of a variety of organic compounds.
First of all, its chemical activity. Due to the existence of chlorine and fluorine atoms, the electron cloud density of the benzene ring changes, making it more prone to electrophilic substitution than benzene. In case of electrophilic reagents, hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring can be replaced. Among them, chlorine and fluorine atoms have different localization effects on electrophilic substitution reactions. Chlorine is an ortho-and para-site group, and fluorine is also an ortho-and para-site group. The two work together to make the reaction mainly occur in the ortho-and para-site of chlorine and fluorine. However, due to the strong electronegativity of fluorine atoms, although it is an ortho-and para-localized group, it has a strong electron-absorbing induction effect on benzene ring electron clouds, which affects the reaction activity and product distribution to a certain extent.
Furthermore, it can participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions. Although the nucleophilic substitution reaction of halogen atoms on benzene rings is usually difficult to occur, under certain conditions, such as high temperature, strong base or the presence of catalysts, chlorine or fluorine atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic reagents. This reaction provides a way for the synthesis of new organic compounds.
And because of its chlorine and fluorine atoms, p-chlorofluorobenzene has certain chemical stability. Under general conditions, it can resist the erosion of some chemical reagents, which is conducive to the preservation and use as a reaction intermediate or raw material in
In addition, p-chlorofluorobenzene can undergo metallization reactions. Interacting with metal reagents, metal atoms can be introduced into the benzene ring. This metallization product can further participate in various organic synthesis reactions, such as coupling with halogenated hydrocarbons to construct more complex organic molecular structures.
In summary, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene exhibits unique chemical properties due to the characteristics of chlorine and fluorine atoms, and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. It is an important raw material for the preparation of a variety of organic compounds.
What are 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene synthesis methods?
1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene is also an organic compound, which is widely used in chemical industry, medicine and other fields. There are several common methods for its synthesis.
First, benzene is used as the starting material. First, benzene and chlorine are chlorinated under the action of a catalyst to obtain chlorobenzene. Then, chlorobenzene is heated with anhydrous potassium fluoride in the presence of a specific solvent and catalyst to produce 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. In this process, the chlorination reaction needs to pay attention to control the reaction conditions, so that the chlorine atom mainly replaces the para-position on the benzene ring. In the subsequent fluorination step, the choice of solvent and catalyst is extremely critical. If a polar aprotic solvent is selected, the reaction rate and product selectivity can be improved.
Second, p-chloroaniline is used as the raw material. First, p-chloroaniline is converted into a diazonium salt through diazotization reaction. Then the diazonium salt is reacted with fluoroboronic acid to form a fluoroboronic acid diazonium salt precipitation. After separation and drying, the diazonium salt of fluoroboronic acid is decomposed by heating to obtain 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. The diazotization reaction needs to be carried out at low temperature to ensure the stability of the diazonium salt, and the temperature control of the subsequent decomposition steps needs to be accurate to avoid side
Third, the reaction of p-fluorophenylboronic acid with chlorinated reagents. The reaction of p-fluorophenylboronic acid with suitable chlorinated reagents, such as thionyl chloride, in the presence of a base, can generate 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. This method has relatively mild conditions and few side reactions, but it has an impact on the preparation or cost of fluorophenylboronic acid, which needs to be considered comprehensively.
Synthesis of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene has its own advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, the choice needs to be weighed according to many factors such as raw material availability, cost, product purity, etc., in order to achieve the best synthesis effect.
First, benzene is used as the starting material. First, benzene and chlorine are chlorinated under the action of a catalyst to obtain chlorobenzene. Then, chlorobenzene is heated with anhydrous potassium fluoride in the presence of a specific solvent and catalyst to produce 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. In this process, the chlorination reaction needs to pay attention to control the reaction conditions, so that the chlorine atom mainly replaces the para-position on the benzene ring. In the subsequent fluorination step, the choice of solvent and catalyst is extremely critical. If a polar aprotic solvent is selected, the reaction rate and product selectivity can be improved.
Second, p-chloroaniline is used as the raw material. First, p-chloroaniline is converted into a diazonium salt through diazotization reaction. Then the diazonium salt is reacted with fluoroboronic acid to form a fluoroboronic acid diazonium salt precipitation. After separation and drying, the diazonium salt of fluoroboronic acid is decomposed by heating to obtain 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. The diazotization reaction needs to be carried out at low temperature to ensure the stability of the diazonium salt, and the temperature control of the subsequent decomposition steps needs to be accurate to avoid side
Third, the reaction of p-fluorophenylboronic acid with chlorinated reagents. The reaction of p-fluorophenylboronic acid with suitable chlorinated reagents, such as thionyl chloride, in the presence of a base, can generate 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. This method has relatively mild conditions and few side reactions, but it has an impact on the preparation or cost of fluorophenylboronic acid, which needs to be considered comprehensively.
Synthesis of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene has its own advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, the choice needs to be weighed according to many factors such as raw material availability, cost, product purity, etc., in order to achieve the best synthesis effect.
1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene what are the precautions during use
When using 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, there are a number of things to pay attention to, which should be kept in mind by the user.
Bearing the brunt, this is a chemical substance with certain toxicity and irritation. Users must strictly follow safety procedures and apply appropriate protective measures. When working, you must wear protective clothing, such as laboratory clothes, to prevent it from contaminating the skin. And when wearing gloves, choose the right material, such as nitrile gloves, to prevent it from seeping into the skin through the gloves. In addition, anti-goggles are also indispensable to protect the eyes from spillage damage.
Ventilation is also crucial. 1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene volatile gas, or cause respiratory discomfort, or even poisoning. Therefore, the place where it is used should have good ventilation equipment, such as a fume hood. If it is used in a place without a fume hood, it should also keep the space well ventilated so that the volatile gas can dissipate quickly.
Furthermore, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is flammable. There must be no ignition sources such as open flames and hot topics near it. When storing, it should also be placed in a cool, ventilated place away from the source of fire, and stored separately from oxidants and acids to avoid dangerous chemical reactions.
The utensils used must be clean and dry. Unclean or damp utensils, or cause deterioration of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, or cause other adverse reactions. After use, the remaining materials should be properly disposed of according to regulations and should not be dumped at will to prevent pollution to the environment. And the waste generated during use should also be collected, stored and disposed of according to the chemical waste treatment method.
When weighing and measuring 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, use precise instruments, such as balances, pipettes, etc. Precise operation, one can ensure the accuracy of the experiment or production, and the other can avoid the danger caused by improper quantity. In short, when using 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, all details must be paid attention to to to ensure safety and smooth operation.
Bearing the brunt, this is a chemical substance with certain toxicity and irritation. Users must strictly follow safety procedures and apply appropriate protective measures. When working, you must wear protective clothing, such as laboratory clothes, to prevent it from contaminating the skin. And when wearing gloves, choose the right material, such as nitrile gloves, to prevent it from seeping into the skin through the gloves. In addition, anti-goggles are also indispensable to protect the eyes from spillage damage.
Ventilation is also crucial. 1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene volatile gas, or cause respiratory discomfort, or even poisoning. Therefore, the place where it is used should have good ventilation equipment, such as a fume hood. If it is used in a place without a fume hood, it should also keep the space well ventilated so that the volatile gas can dissipate quickly.
Furthermore, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is flammable. There must be no ignition sources such as open flames and hot topics near it. When storing, it should also be placed in a cool, ventilated place away from the source of fire, and stored separately from oxidants and acids to avoid dangerous chemical reactions.
The utensils used must be clean and dry. Unclean or damp utensils, or cause deterioration of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, or cause other adverse reactions. After use, the remaining materials should be properly disposed of according to regulations and should not be dumped at will to prevent pollution to the environment. And the waste generated during use should also be collected, stored and disposed of according to the chemical waste treatment method.
When weighing and measuring 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, use precise instruments, such as balances, pipettes, etc. Precise operation, one can ensure the accuracy of the experiment or production, and the other can avoid the danger caused by improper quantity. In short, when using 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, all details must be paid attention to to to ensure safety and smooth operation.
What are the physical properties of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene is an organic compound. It has unique physical properties, let me tell you one by one.
Looking at its properties, under normal temperature and pressure, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is a colorless to light yellow liquid, with clear quality and a special aromatic smell. Although this smell has its own unique features, it should also be noted that it may affect the human body and should be used with caution.
As for its boiling point, it is about 117 ° C. For boiling point, the temperature limit for a substance to change from liquid to gas is also. The boiling point of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene determines its physical state transition under specific temperature conditions. This is an important consideration in industrial production and experimental operations.
Furthermore, the melting point is about -27 ° C. The melting point is also the temperature at which the substance changes from solid to liquid. The lower melting point indicates that 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene can still maintain a liquid state under normal low temperature environments, and this property also affects the way it is stored and used.
Its density is about 1.22 g/cm ³, which is heavier than water. This density characteristic is crucial when operations such as liquid-liquid separation are involved. When 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene coexists with other liquids such as water, due to the difference in density, there will be stratification phenomenon, which can be separated accordingly.
In terms of solubility, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is slightly soluble in water. Water is a common solvent, and the solubility of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene in this solvent is limited, so it is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. This solubility characteristic makes it possible to choose suitable solvents for reaction or separation operations in organic synthesis and other fields according to different needs.
In addition, the vapor pressure of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene cannot be ignored. The vapor pressure reflects the difficulty of volatilization of the substance. This compound has a certain vapor pressure, indicating that some of it will evaporate into the air at room temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to sealing when storing to avoid its volatilization and escape, causing losses or causing safety problems.
In summary, the physical properties of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, such as its properties, boiling point, melting point, density, solubility, and vapor pressure, have an important impact on its application and treatment in many fields such as industry and scientific research, and need to be carefully grasped.
Looking at its properties, under normal temperature and pressure, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is a colorless to light yellow liquid, with clear quality and a special aromatic smell. Although this smell has its own unique features, it should also be noted that it may affect the human body and should be used with caution.
As for its boiling point, it is about 117 ° C. For boiling point, the temperature limit for a substance to change from liquid to gas is also. The boiling point of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene determines its physical state transition under specific temperature conditions. This is an important consideration in industrial production and experimental operations.
Furthermore, the melting point is about -27 ° C. The melting point is also the temperature at which the substance changes from solid to liquid. The lower melting point indicates that 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene can still maintain a liquid state under normal low temperature environments, and this property also affects the way it is stored and used.
Its density is about 1.22 g/cm ³, which is heavier than water. This density characteristic is crucial when operations such as liquid-liquid separation are involved. When 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene coexists with other liquids such as water, due to the difference in density, there will be stratification phenomenon, which can be separated accordingly.
In terms of solubility, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is slightly soluble in water. Water is a common solvent, and the solubility of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene in this solvent is limited, so it is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. This solubility characteristic makes it possible to choose suitable solvents for reaction or separation operations in organic synthesis and other fields according to different needs.
In addition, the vapor pressure of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene cannot be ignored. The vapor pressure reflects the difficulty of volatilization of the substance. This compound has a certain vapor pressure, indicating that some of it will evaporate into the air at room temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to sealing when storing to avoid its volatilization and escape, causing losses or causing safety problems.
In summary, the physical properties of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, such as its properties, boiling point, melting point, density, solubility, and vapor pressure, have an important impact on its application and treatment in many fields such as industry and scientific research, and need to be carefully grasped.
What are the chemical properties of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene is one of the organic compounds. Its chemical properties are particularly important and are related to many chemical reactions.
The first part of its substitution reaction. Because the chlorine atoms and fluorine atoms on the benzene ring have certain activities, they can be replaced by other nucleophiles. In case of hydroxyl negative ions (OH), under suitable conditions, one of the chlorine atoms or fluorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups, resulting in chlorophenol or fluorophenol. The difficulty of this substitution reaction is related to the electron cloud density on the benzene ring. Although chlorine and fluorine atoms have electron-absorbing induction effects, they also have electron-giving conjugation effects. Under the combined action, the electron cloud density distribution of the benzene ring can be changed, which affects the substitution reaction process.
Re-discussion on its electrophilic substitution reaction. The inherent conjugate system of benzene ring makes it electrophilic substitution. In 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, the localization effect of chlorine and fluorine atoms dominates the attack position of electrophilic reagents. Both are ortho and para-localizers, but the ortho and para-localization effect of fluorine atoms is slightly stronger than that of chlorine atoms. Therefore, during the electrophilic substitution reaction, electrophilic reagents are more inclined to attack the adjacent and para-sites of fluorine atoms. If nitrification occurs, nitro is mostly introduced into the ortho and para-sites of fluorine atoms.
and its participation in the coupling reaction. In a metal-catalyzed system, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene can be coupled with a carbon-containing nucleophile to form a carbon-carbon bond. This reaction is a key means for building complex organic molecules in organic synthesis, and can be used to prepare a variety of compounds with special structures and functions.
In addition, the stability of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is also at the end of the chemical properties. Because it contains chlorine and fluorohalogen atoms, it is relatively stable compared to some benzene derivatives. However, under certain conditions, oxidation or reduction reactions can still occur, resulting in molecular structure changes.
The first part of its substitution reaction. Because the chlorine atoms and fluorine atoms on the benzene ring have certain activities, they can be replaced by other nucleophiles. In case of hydroxyl negative ions (OH), under suitable conditions, one of the chlorine atoms or fluorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups, resulting in chlorophenol or fluorophenol. The difficulty of this substitution reaction is related to the electron cloud density on the benzene ring. Although chlorine and fluorine atoms have electron-absorbing induction effects, they also have electron-giving conjugation effects. Under the combined action, the electron cloud density distribution of the benzene ring can be changed, which affects the substitution reaction process.
Re-discussion on its electrophilic substitution reaction. The inherent conjugate system of benzene ring makes it electrophilic substitution. In 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene, the localization effect of chlorine and fluorine atoms dominates the attack position of electrophilic reagents. Both are ortho and para-localizers, but the ortho and para-localization effect of fluorine atoms is slightly stronger than that of chlorine atoms. Therefore, during the electrophilic substitution reaction, electrophilic reagents are more inclined to attack the adjacent and para-sites of fluorine atoms. If nitrification occurs, nitro is mostly introduced into the ortho and para-sites of fluorine atoms.
and its participation in the coupling reaction. In a metal-catalyzed system, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene can be coupled with a carbon-containing nucleophile to form a carbon-carbon bond. This reaction is a key means for building complex organic molecules in organic synthesis, and can be used to prepare a variety of compounds with special structures and functions.
In addition, the stability of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is also at the end of the chemical properties. Because it contains chlorine and fluorohalogen atoms, it is relatively stable compared to some benzene derivatives. However, under certain conditions, oxidation or reduction reactions can still occur, resulting in molecular structure changes.
What are the main uses of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene is also an organic compound. It has a wide range of uses and is involved in various fields.
First and foremost in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is often an important intermediate. Based on this, compounds with specific pharmacological activities can be synthesized through various chemical reactions. For example, in the preparation of some antibacterial drugs and antiviral agents, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene acts as a key starting material in its synthesis path. Through multi-step reactions, the core structure of drug molecules is constructed, which makes great contributions to improving drug efficacy and expanding pharmaceutical categories.
Furthermore, in the field of pesticide chemistry, this compound is also an indispensable component. By chemical modification, highly efficient pesticides, fungicides and other pesticide products can be prepared. Its unique chemical structure endows the pesticide with specific biological activity, can accurately act on pests or pathogens, effectively prevent and control crop diseases and insect pests, and ensure crop growth and yield. It plays an important role in the field of agricultural production.
In addition, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is also used in materials science. When synthesizing special polymer materials, it can be introduced as a monomer functional, giving the material special properties such as excellent thermal stability and chemical stability. The prepared materials can be used in high-end fields such as aerospace, electronics and electrical appliances to meet the strict requirements of material properties in special environments.
In dye chemistry, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene can participate in dye synthesis, introducing specific chromogenic groups or color-assisting groups to dye molecules, improving the color brightness and light resistance of dyes, making it widely used in textile printing and dyeing and other industries.
In summary, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene plays an important role in many fields such as medicine, pesticides, materials, and dyes, and is of great significance to promoting the development of related industries.
First and foremost in the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is often an important intermediate. Based on this, compounds with specific pharmacological activities can be synthesized through various chemical reactions. For example, in the preparation of some antibacterial drugs and antiviral agents, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene acts as a key starting material in its synthesis path. Through multi-step reactions, the core structure of drug molecules is constructed, which makes great contributions to improving drug efficacy and expanding pharmaceutical categories.
Furthermore, in the field of pesticide chemistry, this compound is also an indispensable component. By chemical modification, highly efficient pesticides, fungicides and other pesticide products can be prepared. Its unique chemical structure endows the pesticide with specific biological activity, can accurately act on pests or pathogens, effectively prevent and control crop diseases and insect pests, and ensure crop growth and yield. It plays an important role in the field of agricultural production.
In addition, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is also used in materials science. When synthesizing special polymer materials, it can be introduced as a monomer functional, giving the material special properties such as excellent thermal stability and chemical stability. The prepared materials can be used in high-end fields such as aerospace, electronics and electrical appliances to meet the strict requirements of material properties in special environments.
In dye chemistry, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene can participate in dye synthesis, introducing specific chromogenic groups or color-assisting groups to dye molecules, improving the color brightness and light resistance of dyes, making it widely used in textile printing and dyeing and other industries.
In summary, 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene plays an important role in many fields such as medicine, pesticides, materials, and dyes, and is of great significance to promoting the development of related industries.
What are the preparation methods of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene?
1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene, as well as organic compounds, is prepared by many methods, which are described in detail below.
One is the halogenation method. With benzene as the starting material, it is first chlorinated to react with benzene and chlorine in the presence of a catalyst such as iron trichloride to obtain chlorobenzene. In this reaction, chlorine atoms replace hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring, and the mechanism is electrophilic substitution. The generated chlorobenzene is then fluorinated, and it is obtained by replacing hydrogen atoms in specific positions in the chlorobenzene with fluorinated reagents such as anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Under the action of specific catalysts such as zinc fluoride, fluorine atoms replace hydrogen atoms in specific positions in the chlorobenzene to obtain 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. The steps of this approach are relatively simple, but the control of chlorination and fluorination reaction conditions must be accurate, otherwise it is easy to produce by-products.
The second is the diazotization method. First, p-chloroaniline is used as a raw material, and it is diazotized with sodium nitrite in an acidic medium such as hydrochloric acid at low temperature to form a diazo salt. The diazo salt is unstable, and then interacts with fluoroborate acid to convert into diazo fluoroborate. Finally, the diazo fluoroborate is decomposed by heating, and nitrogen is released to obtain 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. Although this method is slightly complicated, it has good selectivity and can accurately obtain the target product.
The third is the halogen exchange method. Using 1,4-dichlorobenzene as the substrate and fluorinating agents such as potassium fluoride, in an appropriate solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, react at high temperature, and the chlorine atom is replaced by the fluorine atom to obtain 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. In this process, the properties of the solvent, temperature and the amount of fluorinating agent have a great impact on the reaction.
The methods for preparing 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene have their own advantages and disadvantages. In practical applications, the choice should be based on factors such as the availability of raw materials, cost, and product purity.
One is the halogenation method. With benzene as the starting material, it is first chlorinated to react with benzene and chlorine in the presence of a catalyst such as iron trichloride to obtain chlorobenzene. In this reaction, chlorine atoms replace hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring, and the mechanism is electrophilic substitution. The generated chlorobenzene is then fluorinated, and it is obtained by replacing hydrogen atoms in specific positions in the chlorobenzene with fluorinated reagents such as anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Under the action of specific catalysts such as zinc fluoride, fluorine atoms replace hydrogen atoms in specific positions in the chlorobenzene to obtain 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. The steps of this approach are relatively simple, but the control of chlorination and fluorination reaction conditions must be accurate, otherwise it is easy to produce by-products.
The second is the diazotization method. First, p-chloroaniline is used as a raw material, and it is diazotized with sodium nitrite in an acidic medium such as hydrochloric acid at low temperature to form a diazo salt. The diazo salt is unstable, and then interacts with fluoroborate acid to convert into diazo fluoroborate. Finally, the diazo fluoroborate is decomposed by heating, and nitrogen is released to obtain 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. Although this method is slightly complicated, it has good selectivity and can accurately obtain the target product.
The third is the halogen exchange method. Using 1,4-dichlorobenzene as the substrate and fluorinating agents such as potassium fluoride, in an appropriate solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide, react at high temperature, and the chlorine atom is replaced by the fluorine atom to obtain 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene. In this process, the properties of the solvent, temperature and the amount of fluorinating agent have a great impact on the reaction.
The methods for preparing 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene have their own advantages and disadvantages. In practical applications, the choice should be based on factors such as the availability of raw materials, cost, and product purity.
1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene what are the precautions during storage and transportation?
1-Chloro-4-fluorobenzene, when storing and transporting, it is necessary to pay attention to many matters. This is a toxic chemical, and its vapor or fog is irritating to the eyes, upper respiratory tract and skin, and also harmful to the nervous system.
Bear the brunt. When storing, choose a cool and ventilated warehouse. Because of its flammability, the temperature of the warehouse should be controlled below 37 ° C. Keep away from fire and heat sources, and keep the container sealed. It needs to be stored separately from oxidants and edible chemicals, and must not be mixed to prevent dangerous chemical reactions. At the same time, the warehouse should be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire fighting equipment, as well as leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials.
As for transportation, it should not be underestimated. Transportation vehicles must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, and must not be mixed with other items. During transportation, make sure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall or damage. When driving, keep away from fire and heat sources to prevent sun exposure. Summer transportation should be selected in the morning and evening to avoid high temperature. The tank (tank) car used during transportation should have a grounding chain, and holes can be set in the tank to reduce static electricity generated by shock. It is strictly forbidden to transport by car with oxidants and edible chemicals. When transporting by road, follow the prescribed route and do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas. When transporting by rail, do not slip away.
In short, the storage and transportation of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is related to safety, and it is necessary to strictly follow the regulations, operate with caution, and must not be slack in the slightest to ensure the safety of personnel and the environment.
Bear the brunt. When storing, choose a cool and ventilated warehouse. Because of its flammability, the temperature of the warehouse should be controlled below 37 ° C. Keep away from fire and heat sources, and keep the container sealed. It needs to be stored separately from oxidants and edible chemicals, and must not be mixed to prevent dangerous chemical reactions. At the same time, the warehouse should be equipped with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire fighting equipment, as well as leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials.
As for transportation, it should not be underestimated. Transportation vehicles must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, and must not be mixed with other items. During transportation, make sure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall or damage. When driving, keep away from fire and heat sources to prevent sun exposure. Summer transportation should be selected in the morning and evening to avoid high temperature. The tank (tank) car used during transportation should have a grounding chain, and holes can be set in the tank to reduce static electricity generated by shock. It is strictly forbidden to transport by car with oxidants and edible chemicals. When transporting by road, follow the prescribed route and do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas. When transporting by rail, do not slip away.
In short, the storage and transportation of 1-chloro-4-fluorobenzene is related to safety, and it is necessary to strictly follow the regulations, operate with caution, and must not be slack in the slightest to ensure the safety of personnel and the environment.
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