Linshang Chemical
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1-Methyl-2-Chlorobenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
848344 |
| Chemical Formula | C7H7Cl |
| Molar Mass | 126.58 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Odor | Aromatic odor |
| Density | 1.082 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Boiling Point | 179 - 181 °C |
| Melting Point | -43.8 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in many organic solvents like ethanol, ether |
| Flash Point | 65 °C |
As an accredited 1-Methyl-2-Chlorobenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 1 - methyl - 2 - chlorobenzene in 5 - liter sealed, chemical - resistant drums. |
| Storage | 1 - methyl - 2 - chlorobenzene should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area, away from sources of ignition. Keep it in a tightly closed container to prevent vapor leakage. Store it separately from oxidizing agents and incompatible substances. Given its flammability and potential health risks, ensure the storage area has proper fire - fighting equipment and is under regular inspection. |
| Shipping | 1 - methyl - 2 - chlorobenzene is a hazardous chemical. It should be shipped in tightly sealed, appropriate containers. Compliance with all relevant regulations, like those for flammable and toxic substances, is crucial during transportation. |
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What is the chemistry of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene?
1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, is one of the organic compounds. It has unique chemical properties and is widely used in many fields.
Let's talk about its physical properties first. 1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene is a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid with a special aromatic smell. Its boiling point is about 159 ° C, its melting point is -35 ° C. Its density is slightly higher than that of water, and it is difficult to dissolve in water, but it is easily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and benzene. These physical properties are crucial for separation, purification, and application.
Let's talk about chemical properties. Due to the presence of the benzene ring, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene has the typical properties of aromatic hydrocarbons. The electron cloud density of the benzene ring is high, and it is prone to electrophilic substitution reactions. Taking the halogenation reaction as an example, under the action of the catalyst, the chlorine atom can replace the hydrogen atom at other positions on the benzene ring to form a variety of halogenated products such as 2-chloro-3-bromotoluene. As for the nitration reaction, under the action of the mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, the nitro group can be introduced into the benzene ring to obtain products such as o-chloromethyl nitrobenzene.
In addition, the side chain methyl group is also active. Under the influence of For example, under the action of a specific oxidant, methyl can be gradually oxidized to aldehyde group or even carboxyl group to form o-chlorobenzaldehyde or o-chlorobenzoic acid.
The chlorine atom in 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene can also undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction. In the case of nucleophilic reagents, chlorine atoms can be replaced to form new compounds. If co-heated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, chlorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups to obtain o-methylphenol.
In summary, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene has active chemical properties. Through different chemical reactions, a variety of organic compounds can be prepared, which is significant in the field of organic synthesis.
Let's talk about its physical properties first. 1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene is a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid with a special aromatic smell. Its boiling point is about 159 ° C, its melting point is -35 ° C. Its density is slightly higher than that of water, and it is difficult to dissolve in water, but it is easily soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and benzene. These physical properties are crucial for separation, purification, and application.
Let's talk about chemical properties. Due to the presence of the benzene ring, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene has the typical properties of aromatic hydrocarbons. The electron cloud density of the benzene ring is high, and it is prone to electrophilic substitution reactions. Taking the halogenation reaction as an example, under the action of the catalyst, the chlorine atom can replace the hydrogen atom at other positions on the benzene ring to form a variety of halogenated products such as 2-chloro-3-bromotoluene. As for the nitration reaction, under the action of the mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, the nitro group can be introduced into the benzene ring to obtain products such as o-chloromethyl nitrobenzene.
In addition, the side chain methyl group is also active. Under the influence of For example, under the action of a specific oxidant, methyl can be gradually oxidized to aldehyde group or even carboxyl group to form o-chlorobenzaldehyde or o-chlorobenzoic acid.
The chlorine atom in 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene can also undergo nucleophilic substitution reaction. In the case of nucleophilic reagents, chlorine atoms can be replaced to form new compounds. If co-heated with sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, chlorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups to obtain o-methylphenol.
In summary, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene has active chemical properties. Through different chemical reactions, a variety of organic compounds can be prepared, which is significant in the field of organic synthesis.
What are the applications of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene in industry?
1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene is widely used in industry.
First, in the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key raw material. Due to its unique structure, more complex organic compounds can be constructed through many chemical reactions. For example, through substitution reactions, various functional groups can be introduced to synthesize compounds with specific properties and functions. Like in the pharmaceutical synthesis path, it can be converted into intermediates with specific pharmacological activities through a series of reactions, and finally synthesized drugs for the treatment of specific diseases.
Second, in the field of materials science, it also plays an important role. Can be used to prepare high-performance polymer materials. Through a well-designed polymerization reaction, the polymer formed by 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene may have excellent physical properties, such as good mechanical strength, heat resistance, etc. It is suitable for the manufacture of high-end engineering plastics, fiber materials, etc., and is widely used in high-end fields such as aerospace and automobile manufacturing.
Furthermore, in the dye industry, it can be used as an important starting material for synthetic dyes. Through ingenious chemical modification and reaction, dyes with rich colors and stable properties can be synthesized, which can be used in textile, printing and dyeing and other industries to endow fabrics with brilliant colors and long-lasting color fastness.
In addition, in the fragrance industry, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene can be chemically converted to produce compounds with unique aromas, which can be used as fragrance ingredients in the preparation of perfumes, cosmetics and other products to add unique aroma charm.
To sum up, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene plays an important role in many fields of industry, promoting the development and progress of various industries.
First, in the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key raw material. Due to its unique structure, more complex organic compounds can be constructed through many chemical reactions. For example, through substitution reactions, various functional groups can be introduced to synthesize compounds with specific properties and functions. Like in the pharmaceutical synthesis path, it can be converted into intermediates with specific pharmacological activities through a series of reactions, and finally synthesized drugs for the treatment of specific diseases.
Second, in the field of materials science, it also plays an important role. Can be used to prepare high-performance polymer materials. Through a well-designed polymerization reaction, the polymer formed by 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene may have excellent physical properties, such as good mechanical strength, heat resistance, etc. It is suitable for the manufacture of high-end engineering plastics, fiber materials, etc., and is widely used in high-end fields such as aerospace and automobile manufacturing.
Furthermore, in the dye industry, it can be used as an important starting material for synthetic dyes. Through ingenious chemical modification and reaction, dyes with rich colors and stable properties can be synthesized, which can be used in textile, printing and dyeing and other industries to endow fabrics with brilliant colors and long-lasting color fastness.
In addition, in the fragrance industry, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene can be chemically converted to produce compounds with unique aromas, which can be used as fragrance ingredients in the preparation of perfumes, cosmetics and other products to add unique aroma charm.
To sum up, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene plays an important role in many fields of industry, promoting the development and progress of various industries.
What are the preparation methods of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene?
1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, can be prepared in several ways.
First, it starts with o-toluidine, which can be obtained by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, o-toluidine is prepared with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite at low temperature, and then it is co-heated with the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride. The diazo group is replaced by chlorine to obtain 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene. The reaction is exquisite, and the temperature control during diazotization needs to be strict to prevent the decomposition of diazo salts. Cuprous chloride is the key catalyst in the Sandmeier reaction to promote the smooth progress of the reaction.
Second, the chlorination of toluene can also be prepared. Using toluene as a substrate, in the presence of suitable catalysts such as iron or ferric chloride, chlorine is passed through. Because methyl is an ortho-para-locator, chlorine tends to replace ortho-hydrogen to generate 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene. However, this process also has the formation of para-substituted product 1-methyl-4-chlorobenzene, which needs to be separated by distillation and other methods. During the reaction, the catalyst activity, chlorine gas penetration rate and temperature all affect the proportion and yield of the product.
Third, using o-chlorobenzoic acid as a raw material, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene can be prepared by decarboxylation. The target product is obtained by co-heating o-chlorobenzoic acid with appropriate decarboxylation reagents such as copper powder, and the carboxyl group is removed in the form of carbon dioxide. This reaction requires appropriate decarboxylation conditions to ensure complete decarboxylation and does not affect the chlorine atoms on the benzene ring.
All methods to prepare 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene have their own advantages and disadvantages. The actual preparation depends on factors such as raw material availability, cost, and product purity requirements.
First, it starts with o-toluidine, which can be obtained by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, o-toluidine is prepared with hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrite at low temperature, and then it is co-heated with the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride. The diazo group is replaced by chlorine to obtain 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene. The reaction is exquisite, and the temperature control during diazotization needs to be strict to prevent the decomposition of diazo salts. Cuprous chloride is the key catalyst in the Sandmeier reaction to promote the smooth progress of the reaction.
Second, the chlorination of toluene can also be prepared. Using toluene as a substrate, in the presence of suitable catalysts such as iron or ferric chloride, chlorine is passed through. Because methyl is an ortho-para-locator, chlorine tends to replace ortho-hydrogen to generate 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene. However, this process also has the formation of para-substituted product 1-methyl-4-chlorobenzene, which needs to be separated by distillation and other methods. During the reaction, the catalyst activity, chlorine gas penetration rate and temperature all affect the proportion and yield of the product.
Third, using o-chlorobenzoic acid as a raw material, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene can be prepared by decarboxylation. The target product is obtained by co-heating o-chlorobenzoic acid with appropriate decarboxylation reagents such as copper powder, and the carboxyl group is removed in the form of carbon dioxide. This reaction requires appropriate decarboxylation conditions to ensure complete decarboxylation and does not affect the chlorine atoms on the benzene ring.
All methods to prepare 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene have their own advantages and disadvantages. The actual preparation depends on factors such as raw material availability, cost, and product purity requirements.
1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene impact on the environment
1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, has many effects on the environment.
In the atmosphere, it is volatile and can participate in photochemical reactions. Under sunlight, it interacts with other pollutants to generate secondary pollutants such as ozone. Excessive ozone can harm human health, cause respiratory diseases, and damage plants, affect their photosynthesis, and hinder growth and development.
In aquatic environments, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene is insoluble in water, but it can adhere to suspended particles and settle to the bottom. Some aquatic organisms will ingest this substance, causing it to accumulate in living organisms. With the passage of the food chain, the concentration of this substance in high-level organisms will gradually increase, affecting the reproduction, development and survival of organisms, and destroying the balance of aquatic ecosystems.
In soil, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene will inhibit the activities of microorganisms in soil. Microorganisms are essential for the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling in soil. If their activities are suppressed, it will affect soil fertility and structure, hinder plant roots from absorbing nutrients, and then affect plant growth.
In addition, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene is toxic to a certain extent. After entering the environment, it will directly harm the organisms it comes into contact with. Animals exposed to this substance for a long time may have abnormal immune systems, nervous systems, etc. Humans can also threaten health through breathing, skin contact, or dietary intake, causing problems such as dizziness, nausea, and liver damage.
In summary, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene enters the environment, which can have negative effects in the atmosphere, water, soil, etc., threatening ecological balance and biological health.
In the atmosphere, it is volatile and can participate in photochemical reactions. Under sunlight, it interacts with other pollutants to generate secondary pollutants such as ozone. Excessive ozone can harm human health, cause respiratory diseases, and damage plants, affect their photosynthesis, and hinder growth and development.
In aquatic environments, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene is insoluble in water, but it can adhere to suspended particles and settle to the bottom. Some aquatic organisms will ingest this substance, causing it to accumulate in living organisms. With the passage of the food chain, the concentration of this substance in high-level organisms will gradually increase, affecting the reproduction, development and survival of organisms, and destroying the balance of aquatic ecosystems.
In soil, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene will inhibit the activities of microorganisms in soil. Microorganisms are essential for the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling in soil. If their activities are suppressed, it will affect soil fertility and structure, hinder plant roots from absorbing nutrients, and then affect plant growth.
In addition, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene is toxic to a certain extent. After entering the environment, it will directly harm the organisms it comes into contact with. Animals exposed to this substance for a long time may have abnormal immune systems, nervous systems, etc. Humans can also threaten health through breathing, skin contact, or dietary intake, causing problems such as dizziness, nausea, and liver damage.
In summary, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene enters the environment, which can have negative effects in the atmosphere, water, soil, etc., threatening ecological balance and biological health.
What are the physical properties of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene?
1 - methyl - 2 - chlorobenzene, that is, o-chlorotoluene, is an organic compound. It has the following physical properties:
1. ** Appearance and properties **: It is a colorless and transparent liquid at room temperature. It looks clear and clear, like water, but has a special aromatic smell. The smell is different from ordinary odorless water. This smell is strong and irritating.
2. ** Melting point and boiling point **: The melting point is about -35 ° C, which means that when the temperature drops to about -35 ° C, o-chlorotoluene will change from liquid to solid, just like water freezes when it is cold; the boiling point is about 159 ° C. When heated to 159 ° C, o-chlorotoluene will change from liquid boiling to gaseous state. If the water in a pot is heated to the boiling point, it will boil to produce water vapor.
3. ** Density **: The density is slightly larger than that of water, about 1.082g/cm ³, so when o-chlorotoluene is mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. If a stone is thrown into water, it will sink.
4. ** Solubility **: Slightly soluble in water, like oil droplets in water, difficult to blend with water, mostly dispersed in water in the form of small droplets; but miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and other organic solvents, like sugar soluble in water, o-chlorotoluene can be uniformly dispersed in these organic solvents.
5. ** Volatile **: With a certain degree of volatility, at room temperature and pressure, it will gradually evaporate from liquid to gaseous diffusion in the air. Although this process is not as rapid as water evaporation, it will gradually decrease in volume when left in an open environment for a long time.
1. ** Appearance and properties **: It is a colorless and transparent liquid at room temperature. It looks clear and clear, like water, but has a special aromatic smell. The smell is different from ordinary odorless water. This smell is strong and irritating.
2. ** Melting point and boiling point **: The melting point is about -35 ° C, which means that when the temperature drops to about -35 ° C, o-chlorotoluene will change from liquid to solid, just like water freezes when it is cold; the boiling point is about 159 ° C. When heated to 159 ° C, o-chlorotoluene will change from liquid boiling to gaseous state. If the water in a pot is heated to the boiling point, it will boil to produce water vapor.
3. ** Density **: The density is slightly larger than that of water, about 1.082g/cm ³, so when o-chlorotoluene is mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. If a stone is thrown into water, it will sink.
4. ** Solubility **: Slightly soluble in water, like oil droplets in water, difficult to blend with water, mostly dispersed in water in the form of small droplets; but miscible with ethanol, ether, chloroform and other organic solvents, like sugar soluble in water, o-chlorotoluene can be uniformly dispersed in these organic solvents.
5. ** Volatile **: With a certain degree of volatility, at room temperature and pressure, it will gradually evaporate from liquid to gaseous diffusion in the air. Although this process is not as rapid as water evaporation, it will gradually decrease in volume when left in an open environment for a long time.
What are the main uses of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene?
1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, is a crucial raw material and intermediate in the field of organic compounds, and is widely used in many industries.
First, in the field of pesticide manufacturing, this substance can be regarded as a key starting material. Based on it, many high-efficiency insecticides and fungicides can be synthesized through a series of chemical reactions. For example, cypermethrin pesticides can be derived to resist crop pests. Through clever chemical transformation, the chemical structure of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene provides a key structural basis for the synthesis of such pesticides, greatly enhancing the neurotoxicity of pesticides to pests, improving insecticidal efficacy, and building a solid defense line for agricultural harvests.
Second, in the dye industry, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene also plays a pivotal role. Many dyes with bright colors and excellent performance need to be used as raw materials in the synthesis process. For example, in the preparation of some azo dyes, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene participates in the construction of dye chromophore through complex diazotization, coupling and other reaction steps, giving dyes rich colors and good light resistance, washing fastness, and meeting the needs of high-quality dyes in textile, printing and dyeing industries.
Third, in the field of medicine, this compound provides an important starting point for the synthesis of many drugs. Through fine chemical modification and reaction, pharmaceutical intermediates with specific pharmacological activities can be synthesized, and then drugs for the treatment of various diseases can be prepared. For example, some drugs used to treat cardiovascular diseases or nervous system diseases, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene participates in the early stage of its synthesis route, laying the foundation for the construction of complex drug molecular structures.
Fourth, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene is also used in the fragrance industry. After chemical modification and preparation, unique fragrance ingredients can be prepared, adding unique aroma to perfumes, cosmetics, etc., enhancing product quality and market competitiveness.
To sum up, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene has become an indispensable basic raw material in the pesticide, dye, medicine, fragrance and other industries due to its unique chemical properties, which is of great significance for promoting technological progress and product innovation in various industries.
First, in the field of pesticide manufacturing, this substance can be regarded as a key starting material. Based on it, many high-efficiency insecticides and fungicides can be synthesized through a series of chemical reactions. For example, cypermethrin pesticides can be derived to resist crop pests. Through clever chemical transformation, the chemical structure of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene provides a key structural basis for the synthesis of such pesticides, greatly enhancing the neurotoxicity of pesticides to pests, improving insecticidal efficacy, and building a solid defense line for agricultural harvests.
Second, in the dye industry, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene also plays a pivotal role. Many dyes with bright colors and excellent performance need to be used as raw materials in the synthesis process. For example, in the preparation of some azo dyes, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene participates in the construction of dye chromophore through complex diazotization, coupling and other reaction steps, giving dyes rich colors and good light resistance, washing fastness, and meeting the needs of high-quality dyes in textile, printing and dyeing industries.
Third, in the field of medicine, this compound provides an important starting point for the synthesis of many drugs. Through fine chemical modification and reaction, pharmaceutical intermediates with specific pharmacological activities can be synthesized, and then drugs for the treatment of various diseases can be prepared. For example, some drugs used to treat cardiovascular diseases or nervous system diseases, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene participates in the early stage of its synthesis route, laying the foundation for the construction of complex drug molecular structures.
Fourth, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene is also used in the fragrance industry. After chemical modification and preparation, unique fragrance ingredients can be prepared, adding unique aroma to perfumes, cosmetics, etc., enhancing product quality and market competitiveness.
To sum up, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene has become an indispensable basic raw material in the pesticide, dye, medicine, fragrance and other industries due to its unique chemical properties, which is of great significance for promoting technological progress and product innovation in various industries.
What are the physical properties of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene?
1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene, its physical properties are as follows:
In terms of density, this compound is a colorless to light yellow liquid at room temperature and pressure, with a specific aromatic odor. Its melting point is quite low, about -35.6 ° C, which makes it a liquid at room temperature. The boiling point is about 160.5 ° C. If the ambient temperature rises to the boiling point and above, the substance will change from liquid to gaseous.
In terms of density, its density is about 1.082g/cm ³, which is heavier than water, so it will sink to the bottom in water. This compound is insoluble in water, but it has good solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, benzene, etc. This is due to the principle of "similarity and miscibility", and its molecular structure is similar to that of organic solvents.
The volatility of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene is also considerable, and it will gradually evaporate into the air in an open environment. And its vapor is heavier than air, and it is easy to spread at a lower place to a considerable distance. In case of fire, it may cause the danger of combustion or even explosion. In addition, it has a certain refractive index, and light will be refracted when it passes through. This property may be used in some optical analysis and identification processes. This compound has a flash point of about 49 degrees Celsius and is a flammable liquid. It should be handled with caution and kept away from fire and heat sources to prevent fire accidents.
In terms of density, this compound is a colorless to light yellow liquid at room temperature and pressure, with a specific aromatic odor. Its melting point is quite low, about -35.6 ° C, which makes it a liquid at room temperature. The boiling point is about 160.5 ° C. If the ambient temperature rises to the boiling point and above, the substance will change from liquid to gaseous.
In terms of density, its density is about 1.082g/cm ³, which is heavier than water, so it will sink to the bottom in water. This compound is insoluble in water, but it has good solubility in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, benzene, etc. This is due to the principle of "similarity and miscibility", and its molecular structure is similar to that of organic solvents.
The volatility of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene is also considerable, and it will gradually evaporate into the air in an open environment. And its vapor is heavier than air, and it is easy to spread at a lower place to a considerable distance. In case of fire, it may cause the danger of combustion or even explosion. In addition, it has a certain refractive index, and light will be refracted when it passes through. This property may be used in some optical analysis and identification processes. This compound has a flash point of about 49 degrees Celsius and is a flammable liquid. It should be handled with caution and kept away from fire and heat sources to prevent fire accidents.
What is the chemistry of 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene?
1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene, or o-chlorotoluene, is one of the organic compounds. Its physical properties are unique. It is a colorless and transparent liquid at room temperature, with an aromatic odor, and is insoluble in water, but it can be miscible with organic solvents such as ethanol and ether.
From a chemical point of view, due to the presence of benzene rings, it has the typical properties of aromatic hydrocarbons. First, electrophilic substitution reactions can occur. The electron cloud density of benzene rings is quite high, making them vulnerable to attack by electrophilic reagents. For example, in the halogenation reaction, under the action of an appropriate catalyst, the chlorine atom can replace other hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring; in the nitration reaction, the nitro group (-NO ³) can also replace the benzene cyclic hydrogen to form a nitro substituent; in the sulfonation reaction, the sulfonic acid group (-SO 🥰 H) is introduced onto the benzene ring.
Second, the presence of side chain methyl gives it special reactivity. Methyl is affected by the benzene ring, and α-hydrogen has a certain activity. It can undergo halogenation reaction under light or specific conditions to generate chlorinated methyl benzene derivatives. Moreover, due to the electron-giving effect of methyl, the electron cloud density of the benzene ring is relatively higher, and the electrophilic substitution reaction is more likely to occur in the ortho and para-sites
Thirdly, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene can participate in many organic synthesis reactions and is an important intermediate for the preparation of pesticides, medicines, dyes and other fine chemicals. In the field of organic synthesis, with its special structure and reactivity, it can construct complex organic molecular structures through different reaction paths, which is of great significance to the chemical industry.
From a chemical point of view, due to the presence of benzene rings, it has the typical properties of aromatic hydrocarbons. First, electrophilic substitution reactions can occur. The electron cloud density of benzene rings is quite high, making them vulnerable to attack by electrophilic reagents. For example, in the halogenation reaction, under the action of an appropriate catalyst, the chlorine atom can replace other hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring; in the nitration reaction, the nitro group (-NO ³) can also replace the benzene cyclic hydrogen to form a nitro substituent; in the sulfonation reaction, the sulfonic acid group (-SO 🥰 H) is introduced onto the benzene ring.
Second, the presence of side chain methyl gives it special reactivity. Methyl is affected by the benzene ring, and α-hydrogen has a certain activity. It can undergo halogenation reaction under light or specific conditions to generate chlorinated methyl benzene derivatives. Moreover, due to the electron-giving effect of methyl, the electron cloud density of the benzene ring is relatively higher, and the electrophilic substitution reaction is more likely to occur in the ortho and para-sites
Thirdly, 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene can participate in many organic synthesis reactions and is an important intermediate for the preparation of pesticides, medicines, dyes and other fine chemicals. In the field of organic synthesis, with its special structure and reactivity, it can construct complex organic molecular structures through different reaction paths, which is of great significance to the chemical industry.
What are 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene synthesis methods?
1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, has many synthesis methods, which are described in detail today.
First, toluene is used as the starting material and can be obtained by chlorination reaction. In a suitable reaction vessel, toluene is added, and chlorine gas is introduced with iron or its compound as the catalyst. During this reaction process, conditions such as temperature and chlorine gas penetration rate need to be strictly controlled. Because the methyl group of toluene is the o-para-site group, the chlorine atom is more inclined to replace the hydrogen atom of the ortho-site and the para-site, so the mixture of o-chlorotoluene and p-chlorotoluene can be obtained. Subsequently, by means of fractional distillation, the two are separated to obtain pure 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene. The raw materials of this method are easy to obtain and the operation is relatively simple. However, the product needs to be further separated to improve the purity.
Second, it is prepared from o-toluidine through diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, the o-toluidine is mixed with hydrochloric acid, and the sodium nitrite solution is added dropwise at low temperature to form a diazonium salt. This step requires strict temperature control to prevent the decomposition of the diazonium salt. Then, the diazonium salt is reacted with the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride, and the diazonium group is replaced by a chlorine atom to form 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene. This method has high selectivity and can obtain a product with high purity. However, there are many reaction steps, and toxic sodium nitrite is required, which requires very high operation requirements. It is also necessary to properly handle the reaction waste to prevent environmental pollution.
Third, it is prepared by decarboxylation with o-chlorobenzoic acid as raw material. In the presence of a catalyst, the decarboxylation of o-chlorobenzoic acid is carried out by heating. This reaction can effectively prepare 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene, but the cost of the raw material o-chlorobenzoic acid is relatively high, and the decarboxylation reaction conditions are relatively harsh. It is necessary to precisely control the temperature and catalyst dosage, otherwise it is easy to cause side reactions and affect the yield and purity of the product.
To sum up, each method for synthesizing 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene has its own advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, the appropriate synthesis method needs to be carefully selected according to many factors such as raw material availability, cost, and product purity requirements.
First, toluene is used as the starting material and can be obtained by chlorination reaction. In a suitable reaction vessel, toluene is added, and chlorine gas is introduced with iron or its compound as the catalyst. During this reaction process, conditions such as temperature and chlorine gas penetration rate need to be strictly controlled. Because the methyl group of toluene is the o-para-site group, the chlorine atom is more inclined to replace the hydrogen atom of the ortho-site and the para-site, so the mixture of o-chlorotoluene and p-chlorotoluene can be obtained. Subsequently, by means of fractional distillation, the two are separated to obtain pure 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene. The raw materials of this method are easy to obtain and the operation is relatively simple. However, the product needs to be further separated to improve the purity.
Second, it is prepared from o-toluidine through diazotization and Sandmeier reaction. First, the o-toluidine is mixed with hydrochloric acid, and the sodium nitrite solution is added dropwise at low temperature to form a diazonium salt. This step requires strict temperature control to prevent the decomposition of the diazonium salt. Then, the diazonium salt is reacted with the hydrochloric acid solution of cuprous chloride, and the diazonium group is replaced by a chlorine atom to form 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene. This method has high selectivity and can obtain a product with high purity. However, there are many reaction steps, and toxic sodium nitrite is required, which requires very high operation requirements. It is also necessary to properly handle the reaction waste to prevent environmental pollution.
Third, it is prepared by decarboxylation with o-chlorobenzoic acid as raw material. In the presence of a catalyst, the decarboxylation of o-chlorobenzoic acid is carried out by heating. This reaction can effectively prepare 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene, but the cost of the raw material o-chlorobenzoic acid is relatively high, and the decarboxylation reaction conditions are relatively harsh. It is necessary to precisely control the temperature and catalyst dosage, otherwise it is easy to cause side reactions and affect the yield and purity of the product.
To sum up, each method for synthesizing 1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene has its own advantages and disadvantages. In practical application, the appropriate synthesis method needs to be carefully selected according to many factors such as raw material availability, cost, and product purity requirements.
1-methyl-2-chlorobenzene what are the precautions during use
1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene, also known as o-chlorotoluene, must be cautious in chemical industry.
First, it is related to toxicity. This substance is toxic to a certain extent, and can cause human damage through respiratory tract, skin contact or accidental ingestion. During operation, appropriate protective equipment must be worn, such as gas masks, protective gloves and protective clothing, etc., to prevent the entry of poisons. And the workplace needs to be well ventilated to reduce its concentration in the air and protect personal safety.
Second, about the risk of explosion. 1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene is a flammable substance, which can easily burn and explode in case of open flames and hot topics. Therefore, in the place of storage and use, fireworks are strictly prohibited, and they should be kept away from heat sources and oxidants. The electrical equipment used must meet explosion-proof standards to prevent accidents caused by electric sparks.
Third, discuss storage. It should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37 ° C. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids and alkalis, and mixed storage should not be avoided. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials.
Fourth, for leakage disposal. If there is a leak, quickly evacuate the personnel from the leakage contaminated area to the safe area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the source of fire. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-toxic clothing. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible. Prevent it from flowing into restricted spaces such as sewers and drainage ditches. Small leakage: absorb or absorb with sand or other non-combustible materials. Large leakage: build a dike or dig a pit for containment. Cover with foam to reduce vapor disasters. Transfer to a tanker or a special collector with an explosion-proof pump, and recycle or transport it to a waste treatment site for disposal.
Fifth, pay attention to the operation. The operation should be airtight and ventilated. Operators must undergo special training and strictly abide by the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter gas masks (half masks), chemical safety protective glasses, anti-poison penetration overalls, and rubber oil-resistant gloves. Keep away from fire and heat sources, and smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Prevent steam from leaking into the workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidants, acids, and alkalis. When handling, it should be handled lightly to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equip with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. Empty containers may remain harmful.
First, it is related to toxicity. This substance is toxic to a certain extent, and can cause human damage through respiratory tract, skin contact or accidental ingestion. During operation, appropriate protective equipment must be worn, such as gas masks, protective gloves and protective clothing, etc., to prevent the entry of poisons. And the workplace needs to be well ventilated to reduce its concentration in the air and protect personal safety.
Second, about the risk of explosion. 1-Methyl-2-chlorobenzene is a flammable substance, which can easily burn and explode in case of open flames and hot topics. Therefore, in the place of storage and use, fireworks are strictly prohibited, and they should be kept away from heat sources and oxidants. The electrical equipment used must meet explosion-proof standards to prevent accidents caused by electric sparks.
Third, discuss storage. It should be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse, away from fire and heat sources. The storage temperature should not exceed 37 ° C. Keep the container sealed. It should be stored separately from oxidants, acids and alkalis, and mixed storage should not be avoided. The storage area should be equipped with leakage emergency treatment equipment and suitable containment materials.
Fourth, for leakage disposal. If there is a leak, quickly evacuate the personnel from the leakage contaminated area to the safe area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the source of fire. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-toxic clothing. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible. Prevent it from flowing into restricted spaces such as sewers and drainage ditches. Small leakage: absorb or absorb with sand or other non-combustible materials. Large leakage: build a dike or dig a pit for containment. Cover with foam to reduce vapor disasters. Transfer to a tanker or a special collector with an explosion-proof pump, and recycle or transport it to a waste treatment site for disposal.
Fifth, pay attention to the operation. The operation should be airtight and ventilated. Operators must undergo special training and strictly abide by the operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter gas masks (half masks), chemical safety protective glasses, anti-poison penetration overalls, and rubber oil-resistant gloves. Keep away from fire and heat sources, and smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and equipment. Prevent steam from leaking into the workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidants, acids, and alkalis. When handling, it should be handled lightly to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equip with the corresponding variety and quantity of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. Empty containers may remain harmful.
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