Linshang Chemical
PRODUCTS
1-Nitro-3-Chlorobenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
230314 |
| Chemical Formula | C6H4ClNO2 |
| Molar Mass | 157.55 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellow to light brown solid |
| Melting Point | 36 - 38 °C |
| Boiling Point | 235 - 236 °C |
| Density | 1.397 g/cm³ at 20 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene |
| Flash Point | 105 °C |
| Odor | Pungent odor |
As an accredited 1-Nitro-3-Chlorobenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 1 - nitro - 3 - chlorobenzene packaged in 50 - kg drums. |
| Storage | 1 - nitro - 3 - chlorobenzene should be stored in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area, away from heat sources and open flames. Keep it in a tightly - sealed container to prevent leakage. Store it separately from oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and bases as it can react with them. Use proper storage cabinets made for hazardous chemicals. |
| Shipping | 1 - nitro - 3 - chlorobenzene is a hazardous chemical. Shipping requires proper packaging in accordance with regulations. It should be labeled clearly, transported by approved carriers, and comply with safety protocols to prevent risks during transit. |
Competitive 1-Nitro-3-Chlorobenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
For samples, pricing, or more information, please call us at +8615365006308 or mail to info@alchemist-chem.com.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Tel: +8615365006308
Email: info@alchemist-chem.com
Where to Buy 1-Nitro-3-Chlorobenzene in China?
As a trusted 1-Nitro-3-Chlorobenzene manufacturer, we deliver:
Factory-Direct Value: Competitive pricing with no middleman markups, tailored for bulk orders and project-scale requirements.
Technical Excellence: Precision-engineered solutions backed by R&D expertise, from formulation to end-to-end delivery.
Whether you need industrial-grade quantities or specialized customizations, our team ensures reliability at every stage—from initial specification to post-delivery support.
As a leading 1-Nitro-3-Chlorobenzene supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.
What are the main uses of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene?
1-Nitro-3-chlorobenzene, Chinese name 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene, its main uses are as follows:
1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is used in the field of chemical industry and is often used as a raw material for organic synthesis. Because of its unique molecular structure, it contains nitro and chlorine atoms, both of which have active chemical properties and can lead to various chemical reactions.
First, it is often used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of medicine. For example, in the preparation of some antibacterial drugs, the nitro and chlorine atoms can be replaced and reduced to gradually form complex structures with specific pharmacological activities. First, the chlorine atom is replaced by a nucleophilic reagent, the required group is introduced, and then the nitro group is treated, or reduced to an amino group, which becomes an important part of the pharmaceutical active ingredient.
Second, in the dye industry, it is also important. It can be converted into a dye intermediate with a specific color and properties through a series of reactions. Nitro can affect the color depth and stability of the dye, and chlorine atoms can participate in subsequent reactions to adjust the structure and properties of the dye, making it suitable for dyeing different fiber materials, such as cotton, wool, silk, etc., so that the fabric has a bright and long-lasting color.
Third, in the field of pesticides, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is also used. With its structural modification, pesticides with insecticidal, bactericidal or herbicidal effects can be synthesized. For example, by adjusting the substituent, its biological activity against specific pests or weeds can be enhanced, and its environmental compatibility and sustainability can be optimized to achieve the purpose of efficient and safe agricultural protection.
In short, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is an important basic raw material in the chemical industry, medicine, dyes, pesticides and other industries. Its unique structure opens up the possibility of diverse synthesis and promotes the development of various industries.
1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is used in the field of chemical industry and is often used as a raw material for organic synthesis. Because of its unique molecular structure, it contains nitro and chlorine atoms, both of which have active chemical properties and can lead to various chemical reactions.
First, it is often used as a key intermediate in the synthesis of medicine. For example, in the preparation of some antibacterial drugs, the nitro and chlorine atoms can be replaced and reduced to gradually form complex structures with specific pharmacological activities. First, the chlorine atom is replaced by a nucleophilic reagent, the required group is introduced, and then the nitro group is treated, or reduced to an amino group, which becomes an important part of the pharmaceutical active ingredient.
Second, in the dye industry, it is also important. It can be converted into a dye intermediate with a specific color and properties through a series of reactions. Nitro can affect the color depth and stability of the dye, and chlorine atoms can participate in subsequent reactions to adjust the structure and properties of the dye, making it suitable for dyeing different fiber materials, such as cotton, wool, silk, etc., so that the fabric has a bright and long-lasting color.
Third, in the field of pesticides, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is also used. With its structural modification, pesticides with insecticidal, bactericidal or herbicidal effects can be synthesized. For example, by adjusting the substituent, its biological activity against specific pests or weeds can be enhanced, and its environmental compatibility and sustainability can be optimized to achieve the purpose of efficient and safe agricultural protection.
In short, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is an important basic raw material in the chemical industry, medicine, dyes, pesticides and other industries. Its unique structure opens up the possibility of diverse synthesis and promotes the development of various industries.
What are the physical properties of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene?
1-Nitro-3-chlorobenzene, Chinese name 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene, also known as nitrochlorobenzene. The physical rationality of this substance is important, and I will describe it to you today.
Its outer surface is light-colored or prismatic. Under normal conditions, this is determined. Its melting temperature is specific, and it is at 46 ° C, which means that when the ambient temperature rises to about 46 ° C, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene will be melted from the solid solution. And its boiling temperature is 235 ° C, that is, at this degree, the liquid of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene will be melted.
The density of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene also needs to be paid attention to, which is 1.348g/cm ³, the density of water is slightly larger, so if placed in water, the substance will sink to the bottom.
In terms of solubility, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is slightly soluble in water. Due to the solubility of water, the solubility of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is weak. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", the two are mutually soluble. However, it is soluble in many kinds of soluble substances, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. This property is very important in the synthesis of polymers and the technical process, because it can be dissolved, extracted or used as a catalyst by some polymers.
In addition, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene has certain properties. Under normal conditions, it can be slowly released into the air. Because of its certain toxicity, it is necessary to pay special attention to the use and storage of benzene to avoid harm to human health.
In addition, the physical properties of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene are of great significance in its application in chemical, chemical, and other fields.
Its outer surface is light-colored or prismatic. Under normal conditions, this is determined. Its melting temperature is specific, and it is at 46 ° C, which means that when the ambient temperature rises to about 46 ° C, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene will be melted from the solid solution. And its boiling temperature is 235 ° C, that is, at this degree, the liquid of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene will be melted.
The density of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene also needs to be paid attention to, which is 1.348g/cm ³, the density of water is slightly larger, so if placed in water, the substance will sink to the bottom.
In terms of solubility, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is slightly soluble in water. Due to the solubility of water, the solubility of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is weak. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", the two are mutually soluble. However, it is soluble in many kinds of soluble substances, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. This property is very important in the synthesis of polymers and the technical process, because it can be dissolved, extracted or used as a catalyst by some polymers.
In addition, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene has certain properties. Under normal conditions, it can be slowly released into the air. Because of its certain toxicity, it is necessary to pay special attention to the use and storage of benzene to avoid harm to human health.
In addition, the physical properties of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene are of great significance in its application in chemical, chemical, and other fields.
What are the chemical properties of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene?
1-Nitro-3-chlorobenzene is an organic compound. Its unique chemical properties are described as follows:
First of all, its reactivity. Due to the presence of nitro and chlorine atoms in the molecule, its reactivity is different from that of ordinary benzene compounds. Nitro has strong electron-absorbing properties, which can reduce the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, making the benzene ring more vulnerable to attack by nucleophiles. Although chlorine atoms are also electron-absorbing groups, their influence on the electron cloud of the benzene ring is different from that of the nitro group. The two work together to shape the unique reactivity of the compound.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is one of its important chemical properties. Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of nitro groups, the electron cloud density of the ortho and para-position of the benzene ring decreases, and nucleophilic reagents are easy to attack this part. For example, when reacting with nucleophilic reagents such as alkoxides and amines, chlorine atoms can be replaced to form new organic compounds. In this process, the nucleophilic nature of the nucleophilic reagent, reaction conditions such as temperature, solvent, etc. have a significant impact on the reaction rate and product formation.
Furthermore, it can participate in the reduction reaction. Nitro groups can be reduced to amino groups, which is common in organic synthesis. By selecting suitable reducing agents, such as iron and hydrochloric acid, lithium aluminum hydride, etc., the gradual reduction of nitro groups can be achieved, thereby preparing compounds containing amino groups. The chemical properties of this reduction product are quite different from those of the original 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene due to the electron-powering properties of the amino group, and can further participate in various organic reactions, such as amidation, alkylation, etc.
In addition, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is less reactive than benzene in the electrophilic substitution reaction due to the strong electron-absorbing action of the nitro group, and the reaction mainly occurs in the meso-site. However, due to the presence of chlorine atoms, the selectivity of the meso-substitution products is also affected. When reacting with conventional electrophilic reagents such as the mixed acid system of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, the proportion of meso-substitution products formed has a specific law, which is closely related to the electronic and spatial effects of the substituents on the benzene ring.
In summary, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene exhibits diverse and characteristic chemical properties due to its unique combination of nitro and chlorine atoms, which has attracted much attention in the field of organic synthetic chemistry and provides important starting materials and reaction intermediates for the preparation of various organic compounds.
First of all, its reactivity. Due to the presence of nitro and chlorine atoms in the molecule, its reactivity is different from that of ordinary benzene compounds. Nitro has strong electron-absorbing properties, which can reduce the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, making the benzene ring more vulnerable to attack by nucleophiles. Although chlorine atoms are also electron-absorbing groups, their influence on the electron cloud of the benzene ring is different from that of the nitro group. The two work together to shape the unique reactivity of the compound.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is one of its important chemical properties. Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of nitro groups, the electron cloud density of the ortho and para-position of the benzene ring decreases, and nucleophilic reagents are easy to attack this part. For example, when reacting with nucleophilic reagents such as alkoxides and amines, chlorine atoms can be replaced to form new organic compounds. In this process, the nucleophilic nature of the nucleophilic reagent, reaction conditions such as temperature, solvent, etc. have a significant impact on the reaction rate and product formation.
Furthermore, it can participate in the reduction reaction. Nitro groups can be reduced to amino groups, which is common in organic synthesis. By selecting suitable reducing agents, such as iron and hydrochloric acid, lithium aluminum hydride, etc., the gradual reduction of nitro groups can be achieved, thereby preparing compounds containing amino groups. The chemical properties of this reduction product are quite different from those of the original 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene due to the electron-powering properties of the amino group, and can further participate in various organic reactions, such as amidation, alkylation, etc.
In addition, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is less reactive than benzene in the electrophilic substitution reaction due to the strong electron-absorbing action of the nitro group, and the reaction mainly occurs in the meso-site. However, due to the presence of chlorine atoms, the selectivity of the meso-substitution products is also affected. When reacting with conventional electrophilic reagents such as the mixed acid system of nitric acid and sulfuric acid, the proportion of meso-substitution products formed has a specific law, which is closely related to the electronic and spatial effects of the substituents on the benzene ring.
In summary, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene exhibits diverse and characteristic chemical properties due to its unique combination of nitro and chlorine atoms, which has attracted much attention in the field of organic synthetic chemistry and provides important starting materials and reaction intermediates for the preparation of various organic compounds.
What is 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene production method?
1-Nitro-3-chlorobenzene is m-nitrochlorobenzene. The preparation method is as follows:
First take an appropriate amount of benzene and place it in a special reactor. The kettle is pre-filled with an appropriate amount of catalyst. This catalyst is commonly used in anhydrous ferric chloride. Under stirring, slowly add chlorine dropwise to the kettle, and at the same time maintain a certain temperature range, about 30 ° C - 60 ° C. This reaction is a chlorination reaction of benzene. The principle is that the chlorine atom replaces the hydrogen atom on the benzene ring to form chlorobenzene.
After chlorobenzene is formed, the temperature of the reaction system is appropriately increased to about 50 ° C - 80 ° C. The mixed acid is slowly added. The so-called mixed acid is made of nitric acid and sulfuric acid in a certain proportion. Nitric acid acts as a nitrifying agent in this reaction, while sulfuric acid plays a catalytic and dehydrating role. In this process, the nitro group (-NO ²) produced by the decomposition of nitric acid replaces the hydrogen atom on the chlorobenzene ring, and mainly undergoes a substitution reaction between the chlorine atoms, and finally produces 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene, that is, m-nitrochlorobenzene.
During the preparation process, the reaction temperature, the proportion of reactants and the reaction time must be strictly controlled. If the temperature is too high, side reactions will easily occur, resulting in impure products; if the temperature is too low, the reaction rate will be slow, which will affect the production efficiency. Improper proportion of reactants can also make the reaction incomplete or generate too many impurities. Precise regulation of each reaction condition can improve the yield and purity of m-nitrochlorobenzene.
First take an appropriate amount of benzene and place it in a special reactor. The kettle is pre-filled with an appropriate amount of catalyst. This catalyst is commonly used in anhydrous ferric chloride. Under stirring, slowly add chlorine dropwise to the kettle, and at the same time maintain a certain temperature range, about 30 ° C - 60 ° C. This reaction is a chlorination reaction of benzene. The principle is that the chlorine atom replaces the hydrogen atom on the benzene ring to form chlorobenzene.
After chlorobenzene is formed, the temperature of the reaction system is appropriately increased to about 50 ° C - 80 ° C. The mixed acid is slowly added. The so-called mixed acid is made of nitric acid and sulfuric acid in a certain proportion. Nitric acid acts as a nitrifying agent in this reaction, while sulfuric acid plays a catalytic and dehydrating role. In this process, the nitro group (-NO ²) produced by the decomposition of nitric acid replaces the hydrogen atom on the chlorobenzene ring, and mainly undergoes a substitution reaction between the chlorine atoms, and finally produces 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene, that is, m-nitrochlorobenzene.
During the preparation process, the reaction temperature, the proportion of reactants and the reaction time must be strictly controlled. If the temperature is too high, side reactions will easily occur, resulting in impure products; if the temperature is too low, the reaction rate will be slow, which will affect the production efficiency. Improper proportion of reactants can also make the reaction incomplete or generate too many impurities. Precise regulation of each reaction condition can improve the yield and purity of m-nitrochlorobenzene.
1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene what are the precautions during use
1 - nitro - 3 - chlorobenzene is an organic compound. During use, many key matters need to be paid attention to.
First, it is related to safety protection. This compound is toxic and irritating. When operating, you must wear appropriate protective equipment. Wear protective clothing to avoid contact with the skin. If the skin is accidentally contaminated, you should immediately rinse with a lot of water and seek medical attention in time. Wear protective gloves, the material should be resistant to the corrosion of this substance to prevent hand damage. Goggles are also indispensable to protect the eyes from splashing damage. If the eyes come into contact, you should immediately rinse with a lot of water and seek medical attention.
Second, it involves operating norms. When taking 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene, the action should be gentle to prevent it from spilling or volatilizing. Because of its volatility, the operation should be carried out in a well-ventilated place, such as a fume hood, to reduce the concentration in the air and avoid inhalation hazards. After use, the remaining substances should be properly stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, and should also be stored separately from oxidants and acids to prevent dangerous reactions.
Third, about emergency treatment. In the event of a leak, personnel in the contaminated area of the leak should be quickly evacuated to a safe area and isolated. Emergency responders should wear gas masks and protective gloves, and do not directly contact the leak. When a small amount of leakage, it can be absorbed by inert materials such as sand and vermiculite; if a large amount of leakage needs to be built embankment or excavated for containment, and then transferred to a tank car or a special collector by pump, recycled or transported to a waste treatment site for disposal.
Fourth, about storage management. The container for storing 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene must be well sealed to prevent leakage. There are also requirements for the temperature and humidity of the storage environment. The temperature should be controlled within a certain range to avoid volatile or dangerous reactions caused by too high. The humidity should be kept low to prevent it from deteriorating due to moisture. At the same time, the storage container should be regularly inspected to check for corrosion, leakage and other conditions to ensure storage safety.
First, it is related to safety protection. This compound is toxic and irritating. When operating, you must wear appropriate protective equipment. Wear protective clothing to avoid contact with the skin. If the skin is accidentally contaminated, you should immediately rinse with a lot of water and seek medical attention in time. Wear protective gloves, the material should be resistant to the corrosion of this substance to prevent hand damage. Goggles are also indispensable to protect the eyes from splashing damage. If the eyes come into contact, you should immediately rinse with a lot of water and seek medical attention.
Second, it involves operating norms. When taking 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene, the action should be gentle to prevent it from spilling or volatilizing. Because of its volatility, the operation should be carried out in a well-ventilated place, such as a fume hood, to reduce the concentration in the air and avoid inhalation hazards. After use, the remaining substances should be properly stored in a cool, dry and ventilated place, away from fire and heat sources, and should also be stored separately from oxidants and acids to prevent dangerous reactions.
Third, about emergency treatment. In the event of a leak, personnel in the contaminated area of the leak should be quickly evacuated to a safe area and isolated. Emergency responders should wear gas masks and protective gloves, and do not directly contact the leak. When a small amount of leakage, it can be absorbed by inert materials such as sand and vermiculite; if a large amount of leakage needs to be built embankment or excavated for containment, and then transferred to a tank car or a special collector by pump, recycled or transported to a waste treatment site for disposal.
Fourth, about storage management. The container for storing 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene must be well sealed to prevent leakage. There are also requirements for the temperature and humidity of the storage environment. The temperature should be controlled within a certain range to avoid volatile or dangerous reactions caused by too high. The humidity should be kept low to prevent it from deteriorating due to moisture. At the same time, the storage container should be regularly inspected to check for corrosion, leakage and other conditions to ensure storage safety.
What are the main uses of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene?
1-Nitro-3-chlorobenzene is m-nitrochlorobenzene, which has a wide range of uses.
In the dye industry, it is a key intermediate. It can be chemically converted to produce a variety of beautiful dyes. For example, after reduction, nitro can be converted into amino groups to obtain m-chloroaniline, which is an important raw material for the synthesis of azo dyes. Through diazotization, coupling and other reactions, m-chloroaniline can be coupled with different compounds to produce colorful dyes, which are widely used in fabric printing and dyeing, making fabrics show a variety of colors.
In the field of pesticides, m-nitrochlorobenzene also plays an important role. Using it as a starting material, through a series of reactions, a variety of pesticides can be synthesized. The structure of some chlorine and nitro groups imparts good insecticidal, bactericidal or herbicidal activities to pesticides. For example, by reacting with specific reagents and introducing other active groups, pesticides with high inhibitory effect on specific pests or weeds can be prepared, providing strong support for pest control in agricultural production.
In the pharmaceutical industry, m-nitrochlorobenzene also plays an important role. Although not directly used as a drug, it is a key raw material for the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical intermediates. Through fine chemical synthesis steps, it can be converted into structural units with specific pharmacological activities, which can be used to synthesize drugs for the treatment of specific diseases and help human health.
In addition, m-nitrochlorobenzene is also often used as a starting material in the manufacture of other fine chemical products. Flavors, additives and other products can be prepared through various reactions, providing a variety of products for people's daily life and industrial production.
In the dye industry, it is a key intermediate. It can be chemically converted to produce a variety of beautiful dyes. For example, after reduction, nitro can be converted into amino groups to obtain m-chloroaniline, which is an important raw material for the synthesis of azo dyes. Through diazotization, coupling and other reactions, m-chloroaniline can be coupled with different compounds to produce colorful dyes, which are widely used in fabric printing and dyeing, making fabrics show a variety of colors.
In the field of pesticides, m-nitrochlorobenzene also plays an important role. Using it as a starting material, through a series of reactions, a variety of pesticides can be synthesized. The structure of some chlorine and nitro groups imparts good insecticidal, bactericidal or herbicidal activities to pesticides. For example, by reacting with specific reagents and introducing other active groups, pesticides with high inhibitory effect on specific pests or weeds can be prepared, providing strong support for pest control in agricultural production.
In the pharmaceutical industry, m-nitrochlorobenzene also plays an important role. Although not directly used as a drug, it is a key raw material for the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical intermediates. Through fine chemical synthesis steps, it can be converted into structural units with specific pharmacological activities, which can be used to synthesize drugs for the treatment of specific diseases and help human health.
In addition, m-nitrochlorobenzene is also often used as a starting material in the manufacture of other fine chemical products. Flavors, additives and other products can be prepared through various reactions, providing a variety of products for people's daily life and industrial production.
What are the physical properties of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene?
1-Nitro-3-chlorobenzene is an organic compound. Its physical properties are as follows:
Viewed, this compound is a pale yellow needle-like crystal that exists stably at room temperature and pressure. Its melting point is critical, about 46 ° C. This temperature causes solid matter to turn into a liquid state, just as ice melts water when it is warm. The boiling point cannot be ignored, about 235 ° C. At that time, the liquid state will turn into a gas state, just like water boiling and evaporating.
Solubility is also an important property. 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is insoluble in water, just like oil floating on water, the two are difficult to mix. However, it shows good solubility in most organic solvents, such as alcohols, ethers, benzene, etc., just as salt dissolves in water.
Density is also one of the characteristics, its relative density (water = 1) is about 1.33, slightly heavier than water, so if placed in water, it will sink to the bottom. In addition, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene has a certain vapor pressure, although the volatilization is not significant at room temperature, the temperature rises and the volatilization accelerates. In places with poor ventilation, it is necessary to prevent its accumulation. In terms of odor, this object has a special aromatic odor, but it is not a pleasant fragrance and has a certain irritation. If inhaled or exposed to too much, it may be harmful to the human body. Therefore, when operating, be cautious.
Viewed, this compound is a pale yellow needle-like crystal that exists stably at room temperature and pressure. Its melting point is critical, about 46 ° C. This temperature causes solid matter to turn into a liquid state, just as ice melts water when it is warm. The boiling point cannot be ignored, about 235 ° C. At that time, the liquid state will turn into a gas state, just like water boiling and evaporating.
Solubility is also an important property. 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is insoluble in water, just like oil floating on water, the two are difficult to mix. However, it shows good solubility in most organic solvents, such as alcohols, ethers, benzene, etc., just as salt dissolves in water.
Density is also one of the characteristics, its relative density (water = 1) is about 1.33, slightly heavier than water, so if placed in water, it will sink to the bottom. In addition, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene has a certain vapor pressure, although the volatilization is not significant at room temperature, the temperature rises and the volatilization accelerates. In places with poor ventilation, it is necessary to prevent its accumulation. In terms of odor, this object has a special aromatic odor, but it is not a pleasant fragrance and has a certain irritation. If inhaled or exposed to too much, it may be harmful to the human body. Therefore, when operating, be cautious.
What are the chemical properties of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene?
1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene, that is, m-chloronitrobenzene. It has the following chemical properties:
In this compound, the nitro group and the chlorine atom have a great influence on the electron cloud distribution of the benzene ring. Nitro is a strong electron-absorbing group, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, decreases the activity of the benzene ring, and increases the difficulty of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Although the chlorine atom also has an electron-withdrawing induction effect, it has a lone pair-electron, which can be conjugated with the benzene ring, and has a certain electron-giving conjugation effect, but the overall electron-withdrawing is the main one.
In the electrophilic substitution reaction, the reactivity of m-chloronitrobenzene is lower than that of benzene. Due to the And the substitution reaction mainly occurs in the meta-site, because the electron cloud density between the nitro groups is slightly higher than that of the adjacent and para-sites. The positioning effect of nitro and chlorine atoms superimposes, so that electrophilic substitution is easy to occur in the meta-site.
It can undergo a reduction reaction, and the nitro group can be reduced to an amino group to obtain m-chloroaniline. This is a common conversion in organic synthesis, which can be achieved by appropriate reducing agents, such as iron and hydrochloric acid system, catalytic hydrogenation and other methods.
Hydrolysis reaction is also one of its important reactions. Under appropriate conditions, chlorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups to obtain m-nitrophenol. However, due to the influence of the chlorine atom on the benzene ring by the benzene ring and the nitro group, the hydrolysis activity is lower than that of the halogen The chemical properties of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene are determined by the properties of nitro and chlorine atoms in its molecules. It is of great significance in the field of organic synthesis and can be converted into various valuable organic compounds through various reactions.
In this compound, the nitro group and the chlorine atom have a great influence on the electron cloud distribution of the benzene ring. Nitro is a strong electron-absorbing group, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, decreases the activity of the benzene ring, and increases the difficulty of the electrophilic substitution reaction. Although the chlorine atom also has an electron-withdrawing induction effect, it has a lone pair-electron, which can be conjugated with the benzene ring, and has a certain electron-giving conjugation effect, but the overall electron-withdrawing is the main one.
In the electrophilic substitution reaction, the reactivity of m-chloronitrobenzene is lower than that of benzene. Due to the And the substitution reaction mainly occurs in the meta-site, because the electron cloud density between the nitro groups is slightly higher than that of the adjacent and para-sites. The positioning effect of nitro and chlorine atoms superimposes, so that electrophilic substitution is easy to occur in the meta-site.
It can undergo a reduction reaction, and the nitro group can be reduced to an amino group to obtain m-chloroaniline. This is a common conversion in organic synthesis, which can be achieved by appropriate reducing agents, such as iron and hydrochloric acid system, catalytic hydrogenation and other methods.
Hydrolysis reaction is also one of its important reactions. Under appropriate conditions, chlorine atoms can be replaced by hydroxyl groups to obtain m-nitrophenol. However, due to the influence of the chlorine atom on the benzene ring by the benzene ring and the nitro group, the hydrolysis activity is lower than that of the halogen The chemical properties of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene are determined by the properties of nitro and chlorine atoms in its molecules. It is of great significance in the field of organic synthesis and can be converted into various valuable organic compounds through various reactions.
What is the preparation method of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene?
The method for preparing 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene is based on m-chloroaniline as the starting material, which is prepared by diazotization and Sandmeier reaction.
First, m-chloroaniline interacts with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperature to undergo a diazotization reaction. In this step, the amino group (-NH ²) in the molecule of m-chloroaniline reacts with nitrous acid to transform into diazonium salts. This reaction requires strict temperature control, usually between 0 and 5 ° C, to prevent the decomposition of diazonium salts. The reaction formula is as follows: m-chloroaniline + NaNO 2O + 2HCl → m-chlorobenzene diazoate + NaCl + 2H 2O O.
The resulting isochlorobenzene diazonate is then co-heated with a solution of cuprous chloride (CuCl) hydrochloric acid to undergo a Sandmeier reaction. In this step, the diazonium group (-N ³) is replaced by a chlorine atom (-Cl) to generate 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene. The reaction formula is: m-chlorobenzene diazonate + CuCl → 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene + N ³ ↑ + CuCl.
In another way, benzene can be chlorinated first to obtain chlorobenzene, and then nitrified with a mixed acid (a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid). However, the selectivity of this route is not good. When chlorobenzene is nitrified, in addition to the target product 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene, ortho and para-isomers will be formed, and the purer 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene can be obtained after separation.
During preparation, many factors affect the yield and purity. The temperature of the diazotization reaction, the proportion of the reactants, and the reaction time are all critical. If the temperature is too high, the diazonium salt is easy to decompose; if the ratio is improper, the reaction may be incomplete. In the Sandmeier reaction, the activity, reaction temperature, and time of cuprous chloride also have a significant impact on the formation of the product.
First, m-chloroaniline interacts with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid at low temperature to undergo a diazotization reaction. In this step, the amino group (-NH ²) in the molecule of m-chloroaniline reacts with nitrous acid to transform into diazonium salts. This reaction requires strict temperature control, usually between 0 and 5 ° C, to prevent the decomposition of diazonium salts. The reaction formula is as follows: m-chloroaniline + NaNO 2O + 2HCl → m-chlorobenzene diazoate + NaCl + 2H 2O O.
The resulting isochlorobenzene diazonate is then co-heated with a solution of cuprous chloride (CuCl) hydrochloric acid to undergo a Sandmeier reaction. In this step, the diazonium group (-N ³) is replaced by a chlorine atom (-Cl) to generate 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene. The reaction formula is: m-chlorobenzene diazonate + CuCl → 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene + N ³ ↑ + CuCl.
In another way, benzene can be chlorinated first to obtain chlorobenzene, and then nitrified with a mixed acid (a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid). However, the selectivity of this route is not good. When chlorobenzene is nitrified, in addition to the target product 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene, ortho and para-isomers will be formed, and the purer 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene can be obtained after separation.
During preparation, many factors affect the yield and purity. The temperature of the diazotization reaction, the proportion of the reactants, and the reaction time are all critical. If the temperature is too high, the diazonium salt is easy to decompose; if the ratio is improper, the reaction may be incomplete. In the Sandmeier reaction, the activity, reaction temperature, and time of cuprous chloride also have a significant impact on the formation of the product.
What are the precautions in storage and transportation of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene?
1-Nitro-3-chlorobenzene is a toxic and harmful chemical substance. During storage and transportation, care must be taken to ensure safety.
When storing it, first choose a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Because of its flammability, be sure to keep away from fire and heat sources, and avoid open flames and hot topics to prevent accidents. The warehouse temperature should also be strictly controlled, not too high, to prevent material properties from changing and causing danger.
Furthermore, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene should be separated from oxidizing agents, acids, bases and other substances, and must not be mixed in storage and transportation. This is because of its active chemical properties, which are prone to chemical reactions with many substances, causing fires, explosions and other disasters. The storage area must be equipped with suitable materials to contain possible leaks, and there must be clear warning signs to remind everyone of its danger.
When transporting, the carrier must have the corresponding qualifications, and the transportation vehicle must also meet the safety standards. When loading, it should be lightly loaded and unloaded, and do not operate brutally to prevent damage to the packaging and leakage of substances. During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container is well sealed and free of leakage. Drivers and escorts should also be familiar with its dangerous characteristics and emergency response methods, and be careful along the way and not slack.
If the transportation process encounters bad weather, such as heavy rain, high temperature, etc., the transportation plan should be properly adjusted according to the actual situation. If necessary, the transportation should be suspended and a safe place should be found for temporary shelter to ensure that the transportation process is foolproof. In this way, the safety of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene storage and transportation can be guaranteed.
When storing it, first choose a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Because of its flammability, be sure to keep away from fire and heat sources, and avoid open flames and hot topics to prevent accidents. The warehouse temperature should also be strictly controlled, not too high, to prevent material properties from changing and causing danger.
Furthermore, 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene should be separated from oxidizing agents, acids, bases and other substances, and must not be mixed in storage and transportation. This is because of its active chemical properties, which are prone to chemical reactions with many substances, causing fires, explosions and other disasters. The storage area must be equipped with suitable materials to contain possible leaks, and there must be clear warning signs to remind everyone of its danger.
When transporting, the carrier must have the corresponding qualifications, and the transportation vehicle must also meet the safety standards. When loading, it should be lightly loaded and unloaded, and do not operate brutally to prevent damage to the packaging and leakage of substances. During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container is well sealed and free of leakage. Drivers and escorts should also be familiar with its dangerous characteristics and emergency response methods, and be careful along the way and not slack.
If the transportation process encounters bad weather, such as heavy rain, high temperature, etc., the transportation plan should be properly adjusted according to the actual situation. If necessary, the transportation should be suspended and a safe place should be found for temporary shelter to ensure that the transportation process is foolproof. In this way, the safety of 1-nitro-3-chlorobenzene storage and transportation can be guaranteed.
Scan to WhatsApp
