Linshang Chemical
PRODUCTS
2-Chloro-1-Hydroxybenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
936401 |
| Chemical Formula | C6H5ClO |
| Molar Mass | 128.556 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to light yellow liquid |
| Odor | Phenolic odor |
| Density | 1.263 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | 174 - 175 °C |
| Melting Point | 7 - 9 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Slightly soluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in ethanol, ether, etc. |
| Flash Point | 73 °C |
As an accredited 2-Chloro-1-Hydroxybenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 2 - chloro - 1 - hydroxybenzene: Packed in 5 - kg drums for secure storage and transport. |
| Storage | 2 - chloro - 1 - hydroxybenzene, also known as 2 - chlorophenol, should be stored in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area away from heat and ignition sources. Keep it in a tightly closed container to prevent vapor release. Store it separately from oxidizing agents, strong bases, and reactive metals as it can react with them. This helps ensure safety and maintain its chemical integrity. |
| Shipping | 2 - chloro - 1 - hydroxybenzene should be shipped in tightly sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. Ensure proper labeling indicating it's a chemical. Ship via approved carriers following all hazardous material shipping regulations. |
Competitive 2-Chloro-1-Hydroxybenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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What are the chemical properties of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene?
2-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzene, also known as o-chlorophenol, has many chemical properties. It is acidic, because the hydrogen in the hydroxyl group can be partially ionized, and can react with the base to form the corresponding phenate salt and water.
The benzene ring of o-chlorophenol has a unique electron cloud distribution due to the influence of hydroxyl groups and chlorine atoms. Hydroxyl groups are electron-absorbing groups, which cause the electron cloud density of the benzene ring to change, and electrophilic substitution reactions are prone to occur on the benzene ring. It can react with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid to form nitro substitutes; it can also react with halogens under the action of catalysts.
Because it contains chlorine atoms, substitution reactions can occur under specific conditions. For example, when interacting with nucleophiles in an alkaline environment, chlorine atoms can be replaced by other groups. And hydroxyl groups can participate in many reactions, and can react with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides to form ester compounds.
In addition, o-chlorophenol has a certain volatility and special odor, and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. It can be used as intermediates in medicine, pesticides, dyes, etc., and plays an important role in chemical production. However, it is toxic and corrosive, and it needs to be handled with caution and protective measures when using it to avoid harming the human body and the environment.
The benzene ring of o-chlorophenol has a unique electron cloud distribution due to the influence of hydroxyl groups and chlorine atoms. Hydroxyl groups are electron-absorbing groups, which cause the electron cloud density of the benzene ring to change, and electrophilic substitution reactions are prone to occur on the benzene ring. It can react with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid to form nitro substitutes; it can also react with halogens under the action of catalysts.
Because it contains chlorine atoms, substitution reactions can occur under specific conditions. For example, when interacting with nucleophiles in an alkaline environment, chlorine atoms can be replaced by other groups. And hydroxyl groups can participate in many reactions, and can react with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides to form ester compounds.
In addition, o-chlorophenol has a certain volatility and special odor, and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis. It can be used as intermediates in medicine, pesticides, dyes, etc., and plays an important role in chemical production. However, it is toxic and corrosive, and it needs to be handled with caution and protective measures when using it to avoid harming the human body and the environment.
What are the common uses of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene?
2-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzene, commonly known as o-chlorophenol. Its common uses are as follows:
o-chlorophenol is used in the field of medicine and can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of drugs. Due to the special structure of phenyl ring and chlorine and hydroxyl groups, it has certain biological activities. For example, when synthesizing some antibacterial drugs, o-chlorophenol can be used as the starting reactant. Through a series of chemical reactions, key structural fragments are introduced, and the electron absorption of chlorine atoms and the reactivity of hydroxyl groups can be used to construct complex drug molecules to fight specific pathogens and seek well-being for human health.
In the pesticide industry, it is also an important synthesis intermediate. Due to its active chemical properties, it can participate in For example, the preparation of chlorine-containing organic pesticides can enhance the stability and biological activity of pesticides, help crops resist pests and diseases, and ensure a bumper grain harvest, which is of great significance to agricultural production.
In the dye industry, it can be used to synthesize dyes with specific structures. Its benzene ring structure is the basis of the dye color system, and chlorine and hydroxyl groups can adjust the color and fastness of dyes. After chemical modification, it can synthesize dyes with bright color, light resistance and heat resistance, which can meet the needs of textile, printing and dyeing industries and add brilliant colors to life.
In the field of organic synthesis, o-chlorophenol is often used as a building block for organic synthesis. Due to the fact that chlorine atoms can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions, and hydroxyl groups can be esterified and oxidized, chemists can use this to construct complex organic molecular structures, providing key raw materials for the development of new materials and the preparation of fine chemicals, and promoting the continuous progress of organic synthetic chemistry.
o-chlorophenol is used in the field of medicine and can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of drugs. Due to the special structure of phenyl ring and chlorine and hydroxyl groups, it has certain biological activities. For example, when synthesizing some antibacterial drugs, o-chlorophenol can be used as the starting reactant. Through a series of chemical reactions, key structural fragments are introduced, and the electron absorption of chlorine atoms and the reactivity of hydroxyl groups can be used to construct complex drug molecules to fight specific pathogens and seek well-being for human health.
In the pesticide industry, it is also an important synthesis intermediate. Due to its active chemical properties, it can participate in For example, the preparation of chlorine-containing organic pesticides can enhance the stability and biological activity of pesticides, help crops resist pests and diseases, and ensure a bumper grain harvest, which is of great significance to agricultural production.
In the dye industry, it can be used to synthesize dyes with specific structures. Its benzene ring structure is the basis of the dye color system, and chlorine and hydroxyl groups can adjust the color and fastness of dyes. After chemical modification, it can synthesize dyes with bright color, light resistance and heat resistance, which can meet the needs of textile, printing and dyeing industries and add brilliant colors to life.
In the field of organic synthesis, o-chlorophenol is often used as a building block for organic synthesis. Due to the fact that chlorine atoms can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions, and hydroxyl groups can be esterified and oxidized, chemists can use this to construct complex organic molecular structures, providing key raw materials for the development of new materials and the preparation of fine chemicals, and promoting the continuous progress of organic synthetic chemistry.
What are the preparation methods of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene?
2-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzene, also known as o-chlorophenol, is prepared as follows:
First, it is obtained by diazotization and hydrolysis of o-chloroaniline. Add o-chloroaniline and hydrochloric acid to the reactor, cool to 0-5 ° C, slowly add sodium nitrite solution under stirring, and carry out a diazotization reaction to generate a diazonium salt solution. The diazotization reaction needs to strictly control the temperature and the amount of sodium nitrite to avoid the formation of by-products. After that, the diazo salt solution is added to the mixed solution of dilute sulfuric acid and copper sulfate, heated and hydrolyzed, and the diazo group is replaced by a hydroxyl group to form o-chlorophenol. After the reaction is completed, the product is purified by distillation, extraction, rectifying This method is easy to obtain raw materials, but the risk of diazotization reaction is high, and the reaction conditions need to be strictly controlled.
Second, phenol is used as raw material and prepared by chlorination reaction. The phenol is dissolved in an appropriate solvent, such as dichloromethane, cooled to a certain temperature, and chlorine gas is introduced to carry out the chlorination reaction. During the reaction process, the reaction temperature, chlorine gas entry speed and reaction time need to be strictly controlled, because phenol chlorination may produce a variety of products such as o-chlorophenol, p-chlorophenol and polychlorinated phenol. After the reaction is completed, the o-chlorophenol is separated and purified by distillation, crystallization and other means. The process of this method is relatively simple, but the product selectivity is not good, and the reaction conditions need to be optimized to improve the yield of o-chlorophenol.
Third, using o-chlorobenzoic acid as raw material, it is prepared by decarboxylation reaction. The o-chlorobenzoic acid and appropriate catalysts, such as copper oxide-magnesium oxide, are mixed and heated to a certain temperature, and the decarboxylation reaction occurs to produce o-chlorophenol. This reaction requires high temperature conditions, and requires high catalyst activity and selectivity. After the reaction is completed, pure o-chlorophenol is obtained by cooling, separating the catalyst and rectifying. The raw materials of this method are relatively expensive and the cost is high, but the product purity is good.
Different preparation methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In actual production, the appropriate preparation process should be selected according to the comprehensive consideration of raw material source, cost, product quality requirements and other factors.
First, it is obtained by diazotization and hydrolysis of o-chloroaniline. Add o-chloroaniline and hydrochloric acid to the reactor, cool to 0-5 ° C, slowly add sodium nitrite solution under stirring, and carry out a diazotization reaction to generate a diazonium salt solution. The diazotization reaction needs to strictly control the temperature and the amount of sodium nitrite to avoid the formation of by-products. After that, the diazo salt solution is added to the mixed solution of dilute sulfuric acid and copper sulfate, heated and hydrolyzed, and the diazo group is replaced by a hydroxyl group to form o-chlorophenol. After the reaction is completed, the product is purified by distillation, extraction, rectifying This method is easy to obtain raw materials, but the risk of diazotization reaction is high, and the reaction conditions need to be strictly controlled.
Second, phenol is used as raw material and prepared by chlorination reaction. The phenol is dissolved in an appropriate solvent, such as dichloromethane, cooled to a certain temperature, and chlorine gas is introduced to carry out the chlorination reaction. During the reaction process, the reaction temperature, chlorine gas entry speed and reaction time need to be strictly controlled, because phenol chlorination may produce a variety of products such as o-chlorophenol, p-chlorophenol and polychlorinated phenol. After the reaction is completed, the o-chlorophenol is separated and purified by distillation, crystallization and other means. The process of this method is relatively simple, but the product selectivity is not good, and the reaction conditions need to be optimized to improve the yield of o-chlorophenol.
Third, using o-chlorobenzoic acid as raw material, it is prepared by decarboxylation reaction. The o-chlorobenzoic acid and appropriate catalysts, such as copper oxide-magnesium oxide, are mixed and heated to a certain temperature, and the decarboxylation reaction occurs to produce o-chlorophenol. This reaction requires high temperature conditions, and requires high catalyst activity and selectivity. After the reaction is completed, pure o-chlorophenol is obtained by cooling, separating the catalyst and rectifying. The raw materials of this method are relatively expensive and the cost is high, but the product purity is good.
Different preparation methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In actual production, the appropriate preparation process should be selected according to the comprehensive consideration of raw material source, cost, product quality requirements and other factors.
What are the precautions for 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene in industrial production?
2-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzene, in industrial production, there are many precautions that need to be treated with caution.
The first priority is safety. This substance has certain toxicity and irritation, contact can cause skin and eye discomfort, and inhalation or ingestion will endanger health. Therefore, appropriate protective equipment must be worn during operation, such as protective clothing, gloves, goggles and gas masks, to prevent contact with the human body. And the production site needs to be well ventilated to disperse harmful gases in time and reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the air.
The second is the operating specification. Its chemical properties are active, and under specific conditions, it may participate in the reaction and cause danger. When storing and using, avoid mixing or mixing with strong oxidants, strong acids, strong bases and other substances to prevent violent reactions or even explosions. The operation process must strictly follow the established procedures and precisely control the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, etc. Minor deviations may cause the reaction to go out of control, affect product quality, or even cause safety accidents.
Furthermore, quality control is also crucial. As industrial production raw materials or intermediates, its quality is directly related to the quality of the final product. When purchasing, reputable suppliers should be selected to ensure the purity and quality of raw materials are stable. During production, multiple testing processes should be set up to monitor product quality in real time, and production parameters should be adjusted in time to ensure that products meet Quality Standards.
In addition, environmental protection cannot be ignored. If the wastewater, waste gas and waste residue generated in the production process are not handled properly, it will cause serious pollution to the environment. It is necessary to build and improve environmental protection facilities, properly handle waste, and meet environmental protection emission standards.
Industrial production of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene requires safety, standardized operation, quality control and environmental protection. Only through thorough consideration and strict implementation of relevant measures can we ensure smooth production and achieve a win-win situation between economic and environmental benefits.
The first priority is safety. This substance has certain toxicity and irritation, contact can cause skin and eye discomfort, and inhalation or ingestion will endanger health. Therefore, appropriate protective equipment must be worn during operation, such as protective clothing, gloves, goggles and gas masks, to prevent contact with the human body. And the production site needs to be well ventilated to disperse harmful gases in time and reduce the concentration of harmful substances in the air.
The second is the operating specification. Its chemical properties are active, and under specific conditions, it may participate in the reaction and cause danger. When storing and using, avoid mixing or mixing with strong oxidants, strong acids, strong bases and other substances to prevent violent reactions or even explosions. The operation process must strictly follow the established procedures and precisely control the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, reaction time, etc. Minor deviations may cause the reaction to go out of control, affect product quality, or even cause safety accidents.
Furthermore, quality control is also crucial. As industrial production raw materials or intermediates, its quality is directly related to the quality of the final product. When purchasing, reputable suppliers should be selected to ensure the purity and quality of raw materials are stable. During production, multiple testing processes should be set up to monitor product quality in real time, and production parameters should be adjusted in time to ensure that products meet Quality Standards.
In addition, environmental protection cannot be ignored. If the wastewater, waste gas and waste residue generated in the production process are not handled properly, it will cause serious pollution to the environment. It is necessary to build and improve environmental protection facilities, properly handle waste, and meet environmental protection emission standards.
Industrial production of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene requires safety, standardized operation, quality control and environmental protection. Only through thorough consideration and strict implementation of relevant measures can we ensure smooth production and achieve a win-win situation between economic and environmental benefits.
2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene impact on the environment
2-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzene, also known as o-chlorophenol, has a complex impact on the environment, so let me explain in detail.
This substance has certain toxicity. If released in nature, it will cause significant harm to aquatic ecosystems. Its entry into water bodies can cause poisoning of aquatic organisms, interfere with their physiological functions, or cause abnormal behavior, growth obstruction, and even death of fish and shellfish, causing damage to biodiversity.
In soil environment, 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene can affect the structure and function of soil microbial communities. Microorganisms are essential for soil material circulation and nutrient transformation. Under the interference of this substance, microbial activity changes, or soil fertility decreases, affecting plant growth.
It also has an impact in the atmosphere. If it enters the atmosphere through volatilization and other routes, it will participate in photochemical reactions and affect air quality. Some reaction products may be secondary pollutants, such as ozone, which are harmful to human health and the ecological environment.
In addition, 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene is difficult to degrade. It can remain in the environment for a long time and accumulate through the food chain, eventually endangering human health. Human exposure to or ingestion of food and water containing this substance, or damage to organs such as liver and kidney, may also affect the nervous system and immune system. Therefore, the use and discharge of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene should be strictly regulated to reduce the harm to the environment and humans.
This substance has certain toxicity. If released in nature, it will cause significant harm to aquatic ecosystems. Its entry into water bodies can cause poisoning of aquatic organisms, interfere with their physiological functions, or cause abnormal behavior, growth obstruction, and even death of fish and shellfish, causing damage to biodiversity.
In soil environment, 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene can affect the structure and function of soil microbial communities. Microorganisms are essential for soil material circulation and nutrient transformation. Under the interference of this substance, microbial activity changes, or soil fertility decreases, affecting plant growth.
It also has an impact in the atmosphere. If it enters the atmosphere through volatilization and other routes, it will participate in photochemical reactions and affect air quality. Some reaction products may be secondary pollutants, such as ozone, which are harmful to human health and the ecological environment.
In addition, 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene is difficult to degrade. It can remain in the environment for a long time and accumulate through the food chain, eventually endangering human health. Human exposure to or ingestion of food and water containing this substance, or damage to organs such as liver and kidney, may also affect the nervous system and immune system. Therefore, the use and discharge of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene should be strictly regulated to reduce the harm to the environment and humans.
What are the chemical properties of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene?
2-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzene, its common name is o-chlorophenol. This substance has unique chemical properties, let me tell you one by one.
From the perspective of the properties of phenolic hydroxyl groups, it is weakly acidic. The caustic hydroxyl group is conjugated with the benzene ring, and the oxygen-induced hydrogen bond electron cloud is biased towards the oxygen atom. Hydrogen is easy to dissociate and can react with bases such as sodium hydroxide to form phenolic salts and water. Moreover, this hydroxyl group increases the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, and is more prone to electrophilic substitution reactions on the benzene ring. Taking bromine water as an example, it can react quickly and introduce bromine atoms at the ortho and para-positions of the benzene ring hydroxyl group to obtain brominated products.
< b The connection of chlorine atoms to the benzene ring decreases the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, but due to the induction effect, the electron cloud density of the adjacent and para-position is relatively high, which will also affect the positioning of the electrophilic substitution reaction. At the same time, the chlorine atom can undergo a substitution reaction, and under suitable nucleophilic reagents and conditions, it can be replaced by other groups.
2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene has hydroxyl groups and chlorine atoms, which can participate in many organic synthesis reactions. It can be esterified by hydroxyl groups or nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms to produce a variety of organic compounds, which are widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes and other fields. However, it should be noted that this substance is toxic and corrosive, and it must be handled with caution and in accordance with regulations to prevent harm to people and the
From the perspective of the properties of phenolic hydroxyl groups, it is weakly acidic. The caustic hydroxyl group is conjugated with the benzene ring, and the oxygen-induced hydrogen bond electron cloud is biased towards the oxygen atom. Hydrogen is easy to dissociate and can react with bases such as sodium hydroxide to form phenolic salts and water. Moreover, this hydroxyl group increases the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, and is more prone to electrophilic substitution reactions on the benzene ring. Taking bromine water as an example, it can react quickly and introduce bromine atoms at the ortho and para-positions of the benzene ring hydroxyl group to obtain brominated products.
< b The connection of chlorine atoms to the benzene ring decreases the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, but due to the induction effect, the electron cloud density of the adjacent and para-position is relatively high, which will also affect the positioning of the electrophilic substitution reaction. At the same time, the chlorine atom can undergo a substitution reaction, and under suitable nucleophilic reagents and conditions, it can be replaced by other groups.
2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene has hydroxyl groups and chlorine atoms, which can participate in many organic synthesis reactions. It can be esterified by hydroxyl groups or nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms to produce a variety of organic compounds, which are widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes and other fields. However, it should be noted that this substance is toxic and corrosive, and it must be handled with caution and in accordance with regulations to prevent harm to people and the
What are the common uses of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene?
2-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzene, also known as o-chlorophenol. This substance is commonly used in various fields.
In the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, it is an important raw material. It can be converted into specific drugs through a series of delicate chemical reactions. Due to its unique molecular structure, it contains chlorine and hydroxyl functional groups, giving it special chemical activity and can participate in various reactions to build complex drug molecular structures, laying the foundation for pharmaceutical creation.
It also has extraordinary functions in the preparation of pesticides. With its chemical properties, high-efficiency pesticide ingredients can be derived. The presence of chlorine atoms enhances its effect on harmful organisms, while the hydroxyl group can adjust the polarity and reactivity of molecules, helping them better adhere to target organisms, improve the efficacy of pesticides, and protect crops from diseases and insect pests.
In the field of dye synthesis, 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene is also a key role. It can be used as a starting material and chemically modified to build dye molecules with rich color and excellent performance. Its structure can affect the color, fastness and other key indicators of dyes. Through precise regulation of the reaction, dye products that meet different needs can be obtained for textile, printing and dyeing and other industries, adding brilliant color to fabrics.
In addition, in organic synthetic chemistry, it is often used as an intermediate. Due to its active groups, it can react with a wide range of reagents, such as nucleophilic substitution and electrophilic substitution, build various organic compounds, expand the way of organic synthesis, help scientists explore new organic materials and compounds, and promote the continuous progress of organic chemistry.
In the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, it is an important raw material. It can be converted into specific drugs through a series of delicate chemical reactions. Due to its unique molecular structure, it contains chlorine and hydroxyl functional groups, giving it special chemical activity and can participate in various reactions to build complex drug molecular structures, laying the foundation for pharmaceutical creation.
It also has extraordinary functions in the preparation of pesticides. With its chemical properties, high-efficiency pesticide ingredients can be derived. The presence of chlorine atoms enhances its effect on harmful organisms, while the hydroxyl group can adjust the polarity and reactivity of molecules, helping them better adhere to target organisms, improve the efficacy of pesticides, and protect crops from diseases and insect pests.
In the field of dye synthesis, 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene is also a key role. It can be used as a starting material and chemically modified to build dye molecules with rich color and excellent performance. Its structure can affect the color, fastness and other key indicators of dyes. Through precise regulation of the reaction, dye products that meet different needs can be obtained for textile, printing and dyeing and other industries, adding brilliant color to fabrics.
In addition, in organic synthetic chemistry, it is often used as an intermediate. Due to its active groups, it can react with a wide range of reagents, such as nucleophilic substitution and electrophilic substitution, build various organic compounds, expand the way of organic synthesis, help scientists explore new organic materials and compounds, and promote the continuous progress of organic chemistry.
What are 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene synthesis methods?
To prepare 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene, there are many methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages, and they can be selected according to different needs and situations.
One of them can be started from o-hydroxybenzoic acid. First, thionyl chloride acts on o-hydroxybenzoic acid to convert the carboxyl group into an acid chloride. In this process, the thionyl chloride reacts with the carboxyl group to generate acid chloride, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas. This reaction is more efficient, and the by-products are easy to separate. Subsequently, the obtained acid chloride is reduced in the presence of palladium-carbon catalysts by hydrogen gas, and the acid chloride group can be reduced to methyl group, and then the target product can be obtained. This path step is relatively simple and the yield is relatively impressive.
Second, use o-chloroanisole as raw material. First, the o-chloroanisole is reacted with boron tribromide. Boron tribromide is used as an electrophilic reagent to replace the methoxy group with the hydroxyl group. This reaction condition is mild and has good selectivity, and can accurately realize the conversion of methoxy to hydroxyl, thereby obtaining 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene. However, boron tribromide is expensive and has a certain degree of corrosiveness, so caution is required during operation.
Third, use o-chlorophenol as the starting material. If chlorine atoms are introduced at a specific position on the phenyl ring, an electrophilic substitution reaction can be used. In the presence of a suitable catalyst such as ferric chloride, the reaction is carried out with chlorine gas as the chlorine source. Ferric trichloride can polarize chlorine gas and enhance its electrophilic ability, so that a substitution reaction occurs on the benzene ring to obtain 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene. The raw material of this method is easy to obtain, but the reaction conditions need to be carefully controlled, otherwise it is easy to form polychlorinated by-products, which affects the purity and yield of the product.
In summary, the methods for synthesizing 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene have their own advantages. Experimenters need to carefully choose the appropriate method according to their own conditions, such as raw material availability, cost considerations, equipment conditions, etc., in order to achieve the purpose of efficient synthesis.
One of them can be started from o-hydroxybenzoic acid. First, thionyl chloride acts on o-hydroxybenzoic acid to convert the carboxyl group into an acid chloride. In this process, the thionyl chloride reacts with the carboxyl group to generate acid chloride, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride gas. This reaction is more efficient, and the by-products are easy to separate. Subsequently, the obtained acid chloride is reduced in the presence of palladium-carbon catalysts by hydrogen gas, and the acid chloride group can be reduced to methyl group, and then the target product can be obtained. This path step is relatively simple and the yield is relatively impressive.
Second, use o-chloroanisole as raw material. First, the o-chloroanisole is reacted with boron tribromide. Boron tribromide is used as an electrophilic reagent to replace the methoxy group with the hydroxyl group. This reaction condition is mild and has good selectivity, and can accurately realize the conversion of methoxy to hydroxyl, thereby obtaining 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene. However, boron tribromide is expensive and has a certain degree of corrosiveness, so caution is required during operation.
Third, use o-chlorophenol as the starting material. If chlorine atoms are introduced at a specific position on the phenyl ring, an electrophilic substitution reaction can be used. In the presence of a suitable catalyst such as ferric chloride, the reaction is carried out with chlorine gas as the chlorine source. Ferric trichloride can polarize chlorine gas and enhance its electrophilic ability, so that a substitution reaction occurs on the benzene ring to obtain 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene. The raw material of this method is easy to obtain, but the reaction conditions need to be carefully controlled, otherwise it is easy to form polychlorinated by-products, which affects the purity and yield of the product.
In summary, the methods for synthesizing 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene have their own advantages. Experimenters need to carefully choose the appropriate method according to their own conditions, such as raw material availability, cost considerations, equipment conditions, etc., in order to achieve the purpose of efficient synthesis.
What are the precautions for 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene in industrial production?
2-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzene, that is, o-chlorophenol, in industrial production, many matters need to be paid attention to.
It is toxic and corrosive, touches the human body, can damage the skin, eyes, if inhaled or ingested, it is more dangerous to health. Therefore, when working, protection must be comprehensive. Workers need to wear protective clothing, gloves, goggles and gas masks to prevent contact and inhalation. The workshop should also be well ventilated, and effective ventilation devices should be installed to remove volatile harmful gases in time.
O-chlorophenol is flammable, and can be burned in case of open flames and hot topics. Where stored and used, fireworks are strictly prohibited, and they are kept away from fire and heat sources. They should be properly placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse, and stored separately from oxidants and acids. Mixed storage should not be allowed.
In chemical reactions, o-chlorophenol has special activity. When participating in the reaction, the conditions need to be precisely controlled. Temperature, pH, catalyst and other factors can affect the reaction rate and product purity. R & D and production personnel must know the reaction mechanism in detail, and optimize the conditions through experiments to ensure that the reaction proceeds efficiently and stably.
Furthermore, the wastewater, waste gas, waste residue and harmful substances generated in the production process. Enterprises should set up treatment facilities in accordance with environmental protection regulations to ensure that the "three wastes" are discharged up to standard. Wastewater is treated to remove heavy metals and organic matter; waste gas is purified to reduce the concentration of pollutants; waste residue is reasonably disposed of to avoid polluting the environment.
Transportation of o-chlorophenol should also be compliant. Choose suitable transportation tools and take protective measures to prevent leakage and damage. When handling, light loading and light unloading, free from damage to packaging containers.
In short, industrial production of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene cannot be ignored in terms of safety, environmental protection and production standards. In this way, production can be ensured smoothly and harm to personnel and the environment can be reduced.
It is toxic and corrosive, touches the human body, can damage the skin, eyes, if inhaled or ingested, it is more dangerous to health. Therefore, when working, protection must be comprehensive. Workers need to wear protective clothing, gloves, goggles and gas masks to prevent contact and inhalation. The workshop should also be well ventilated, and effective ventilation devices should be installed to remove volatile harmful gases in time.
O-chlorophenol is flammable, and can be burned in case of open flames and hot topics. Where stored and used, fireworks are strictly prohibited, and they are kept away from fire and heat sources. They should be properly placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse, and stored separately from oxidants and acids. Mixed storage should not be allowed.
In chemical reactions, o-chlorophenol has special activity. When participating in the reaction, the conditions need to be precisely controlled. Temperature, pH, catalyst and other factors can affect the reaction rate and product purity. R & D and production personnel must know the reaction mechanism in detail, and optimize the conditions through experiments to ensure that the reaction proceeds efficiently and stably.
Furthermore, the wastewater, waste gas, waste residue and harmful substances generated in the production process. Enterprises should set up treatment facilities in accordance with environmental protection regulations to ensure that the "three wastes" are discharged up to standard. Wastewater is treated to remove heavy metals and organic matter; waste gas is purified to reduce the concentration of pollutants; waste residue is reasonably disposed of to avoid polluting the environment.
Transportation of o-chlorophenol should also be compliant. Choose suitable transportation tools and take protective measures to prevent leakage and damage. When handling, light loading and light unloading, free from damage to packaging containers.
In short, industrial production of 2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene cannot be ignored in terms of safety, environmental protection and production standards. In this way, production can be ensured smoothly and harm to personnel and the environment can be reduced.
2-chloro-1-hydroxybenzene impact on the environment and human health
2-Chloro-1-hydroxybenzene, also known as o-chlorophenol, has a significant impact on the environment and human health.
In the environment, it is quite stable and difficult to degrade naturally. If released into water bodies, it will cause water pollution. Aquatic organisms are quite sensitive to it, and even low concentrations may affect its growth, reproduction and survival. Such as fish or abnormal behavior and physiological disorders, in the long run, it will disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems and reduce biodiversity. If it enters the soil, it will be adsorbed by soil particles, affecting soil microbial activity and soil fertility, and then affecting plant growth.
As for human health, o-chlorophenol can enter the human body through respiratory tract, skin contact and digestive tract. It is strongly irritating to the skin and eyes. After contact, the skin may be red, swollen, painful, and burned, and the eyes may feel tingling, tearing, and blurred vision. Inhalation of its vapor will irritate the respiratory tract, causing cough, asthma, and breathing difficulties. Long-term exposure will endanger the nervous system, liver, kidneys and other important organs. The nervous system is involved, or symptoms such as headache, dizziness, fatigue, and insomnia may occur; liver and kidneys are damaged, or the liver and kidneys are abnormal, affecting the body's normal metabolism and detoxification functions.
Furthermore, o-chlorophenol may have potential carcinogenicity. Although relevant studies have not yet been conclusive, in order to protect the environment and personal safety, its use and discharge must be strictly controlled to prevent irreversible damage to the ecology and human body.
In the environment, it is quite stable and difficult to degrade naturally. If released into water bodies, it will cause water pollution. Aquatic organisms are quite sensitive to it, and even low concentrations may affect its growth, reproduction and survival. Such as fish or abnormal behavior and physiological disorders, in the long run, it will disrupt the balance of aquatic ecosystems and reduce biodiversity. If it enters the soil, it will be adsorbed by soil particles, affecting soil microbial activity and soil fertility, and then affecting plant growth.
As for human health, o-chlorophenol can enter the human body through respiratory tract, skin contact and digestive tract. It is strongly irritating to the skin and eyes. After contact, the skin may be red, swollen, painful, and burned, and the eyes may feel tingling, tearing, and blurred vision. Inhalation of its vapor will irritate the respiratory tract, causing cough, asthma, and breathing difficulties. Long-term exposure will endanger the nervous system, liver, kidneys and other important organs. The nervous system is involved, or symptoms such as headache, dizziness, fatigue, and insomnia may occur; liver and kidneys are damaged, or the liver and kidneys are abnormal, affecting the body's normal metabolism and detoxification functions.
Furthermore, o-chlorophenol may have potential carcinogenicity. Although relevant studies have not yet been conclusive, in order to protect the environment and personal safety, its use and discharge must be strictly controlled to prevent irreversible damage to the ecology and human body.
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