Linshang Chemical
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3-Chlorobenzene-1,2-Diol
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
804572 |
| Name | 3 - Chlorobenzene - 1,2 - Diol |
| Molecular Formula | C6H5ClO2 |
| Molecular Weight | 144.56 g/mol |
| Appearance | Solid |
As an accredited 3-Chlorobenzene-1,2-Diol factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 100g of 3 - chlorobenzene - 1,2 - diol packaged in a sealed chemical - grade container. |
| Storage | 3 - Chlorobenzene - 1,2 - diol should be stored in a cool, dry, well - ventilated area. Keep it away from heat sources, open flames, and oxidizing agents. Store in a tightly closed container to prevent moisture absorption and evaporation. Label the container clearly to avoid misidentification, and ensure storage is in accordance with local safety and environmental regulations. |
| Shipping | 3 - Chlorobenzene - 1,2 - diol is shipped in sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. These are carefully packaged to prevent leakage. Shipments follow strict chemical transportation regulations to ensure safety during transit. |
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What are the chemical properties of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol?
3-Chlorobenzene-1,2-diol, this is an organic compound. Its chemical properties are unique and valuable for investigation.
Let's talk about its acidity first. Because there are two hydroxyl groups in the molecule, the hydrogen atoms in the hydroxyl group can be dissociated, so it presents a certain acidity. When it encounters a base, it can undergo a neutralization reaction, just like the action of a weak acid and a base, resulting in the corresponding salt and water.
Furthermore, it has the typical properties of phenolic compounds. Since the hydroxyl group is directly connected to the benzene ring, the electron cloud of the benzene ring will interact with the hydroxyl group. When it comes to ferric chloride solution, it can exhibit a characteristic color reaction, usually showing a purple color. This is a common method for identifying phenolic compounds.
From the perspective of electrophilic substitution reaction, the benzene ring is activated due to the presence of hydroxyl groups. The hydroxyl group is the power supply group, which increases the electron cloud density on the benzene ring and makes it more vulnerable to the attack of electrophilic reagents. For example, under suitable conditions, halogenation, nitrification, sulfonation and other electrophilic substitution reactions can occur, and the reactions mainly occur in the ortho and para-positions of the hydroxyl group.
In addition, the chlorine atom of this compound also has certain reactivity. Under appropriate reagents and conditions, the chlorine atom can be replaced to form new compounds and expand the possibility of chemical derivation. In conclusion, the chemical properties of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol are rich and diverse, and it may have potential application value in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and other fields.
Let's talk about its acidity first. Because there are two hydroxyl groups in the molecule, the hydrogen atoms in the hydroxyl group can be dissociated, so it presents a certain acidity. When it encounters a base, it can undergo a neutralization reaction, just like the action of a weak acid and a base, resulting in the corresponding salt and water.
Furthermore, it has the typical properties of phenolic compounds. Since the hydroxyl group is directly connected to the benzene ring, the electron cloud of the benzene ring will interact with the hydroxyl group. When it comes to ferric chloride solution, it can exhibit a characteristic color reaction, usually showing a purple color. This is a common method for identifying phenolic compounds.
From the perspective of electrophilic substitution reaction, the benzene ring is activated due to the presence of hydroxyl groups. The hydroxyl group is the power supply group, which increases the electron cloud density on the benzene ring and makes it more vulnerable to the attack of electrophilic reagents. For example, under suitable conditions, halogenation, nitrification, sulfonation and other electrophilic substitution reactions can occur, and the reactions mainly occur in the ortho and para-positions of the hydroxyl group.
In addition, the chlorine atom of this compound also has certain reactivity. Under appropriate reagents and conditions, the chlorine atom can be replaced to form new compounds and expand the possibility of chemical derivation. In conclusion, the chemical properties of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol are rich and diverse, and it may have potential application value in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and other fields.
What are the common uses of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol?
3-Chlorobenzene-1,2-diol, also known as 3-chloro-catechol, is widely used. In the field of medicine, it can be a key intermediate for the synthesis of many drugs. For example, in the preparation of some antibacterial drugs, 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol participates in the reaction. With its special chemical structure, it endows the drug with unique antibacterial properties, helps resist bacterial intrusion, and protects human health.
In the chemical industry, its role is also crucial. As a raw material for the synthesis of specific polymer materials, it can optimize the properties of materials. For example, when manufacturing high-molecular polymers with special stability and corrosion resistance, the addition of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol can form a more stable connection between polymer molecules, thereby improving the performance of materials in harsh environments. It is widely used in the manufacture of chemical equipment, pipelines, etc.
Furthermore, in the production of pesticides, 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol plays an indispensable role. It is an important component in the synthesis of some high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides. With its chemical properties, it can enhance the targeted killing effect of pesticides on pests, reduce the harm to the environment and non-target organisms, and effectively promote the sustainable development of agriculture to ensure that crops are free from pests and achieve a bumper harvest.
In the chemical industry, its role is also crucial. As a raw material for the synthesis of specific polymer materials, it can optimize the properties of materials. For example, when manufacturing high-molecular polymers with special stability and corrosion resistance, the addition of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol can form a more stable connection between polymer molecules, thereby improving the performance of materials in harsh environments. It is widely used in the manufacture of chemical equipment, pipelines, etc.
Furthermore, in the production of pesticides, 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol plays an indispensable role. It is an important component in the synthesis of some high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides. With its chemical properties, it can enhance the targeted killing effect of pesticides on pests, reduce the harm to the environment and non-target organisms, and effectively promote the sustainable development of agriculture to ensure that crops are free from pests and achieve a bumper harvest.
What is the synthesis method of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol?
The synthesis of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol is an important topic in the field of organic synthesis. The synthesis method can be achieved through multiple methods.
First, chlorine atoms can be introduced by halogenation starting with catechol. In a suitable reaction medium, such as a specific organic solvent as a medium, accompanied by a suitable catalyst, catechol and halogenated reagents, such as chlorine-containing halogenating agents, are added to the reaction system in a certain ratio. Controlled with suitable temperature, pressure and reaction time, the chlorine atoms in the halogenating agent can replace the hydrogen atoms at specific positions on the benzene ring, thereby obtaining 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol. In this process, temperature control is extremely important. If the temperature is too high, it may cause the formation of polyhalogenated products, which affects the purity and yield of the target product; if the temperature is too low, the reaction rate will be slow and time-consuming.
Second, chlorine-containing benzene derivatives can also be used as starting materials and obtained through hydroxylation. First, take a chlorobenzene-containing compound with a suitable substituent, and under specific reaction conditions, use a suitable hydroxylation reagent to introduce hydroxyl groups into the benzene ring. Among them, fine regulation of reaction conditions is indispensable, such as the choice of reaction solvent, the pH of the reaction system, and the type and amount of catalyst, all of which have a significant impact on the reaction process and the generation of products. Selecting the appropriate solvent can help the dissolution and mass transfer of the reactants, and promote the smooth progress of the reaction; precise control of pH can affect the activity and selectivity of the reaction, so that the hydroxylation reaction orientation occurs at the target position.
Third, some more complex synthesis paths can be used, such as multi-step reaction to construct a benzene ring structure, and then chlorine atoms and hydroxyl groups can be introduced in sequence. Although this path has many steps, the position of the substituent and the selectivity of the reaction can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs. In each step of the reaction, careful consideration of the reaction conditions, the purity and dosage of the reactants is required to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of each step of the reaction, and then 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol is successfully synthesized.
All these synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In practical applications, the appropriate synthesis path should be carefully selected according to factors such as the availability of raw materials, cost considerations, product purity and yield requirements, etc., in order to achieve efficient, economical and environmentally friendly synthesis purposes.
First, chlorine atoms can be introduced by halogenation starting with catechol. In a suitable reaction medium, such as a specific organic solvent as a medium, accompanied by a suitable catalyst, catechol and halogenated reagents, such as chlorine-containing halogenating agents, are added to the reaction system in a certain ratio. Controlled with suitable temperature, pressure and reaction time, the chlorine atoms in the halogenating agent can replace the hydrogen atoms at specific positions on the benzene ring, thereby obtaining 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol. In this process, temperature control is extremely important. If the temperature is too high, it may cause the formation of polyhalogenated products, which affects the purity and yield of the target product; if the temperature is too low, the reaction rate will be slow and time-consuming.
Second, chlorine-containing benzene derivatives can also be used as starting materials and obtained through hydroxylation. First, take a chlorobenzene-containing compound with a suitable substituent, and under specific reaction conditions, use a suitable hydroxylation reagent to introduce hydroxyl groups into the benzene ring. Among them, fine regulation of reaction conditions is indispensable, such as the choice of reaction solvent, the pH of the reaction system, and the type and amount of catalyst, all of which have a significant impact on the reaction process and the generation of products. Selecting the appropriate solvent can help the dissolution and mass transfer of the reactants, and promote the smooth progress of the reaction; precise control of pH can affect the activity and selectivity of the reaction, so that the hydroxylation reaction orientation occurs at the target position.
Third, some more complex synthesis paths can be used, such as multi-step reaction to construct a benzene ring structure, and then chlorine atoms and hydroxyl groups can be introduced in sequence. Although this path has many steps, the position of the substituent and the selectivity of the reaction can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs. In each step of the reaction, careful consideration of the reaction conditions, the purity and dosage of the reactants is required to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of each step of the reaction, and then 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol is successfully synthesized.
All these synthesis methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. In practical applications, the appropriate synthesis path should be carefully selected according to factors such as the availability of raw materials, cost considerations, product purity and yield requirements, etc., in order to achieve efficient, economical and environmentally friendly synthesis purposes.
What are the precautions for 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol during storage and transportation?
3-Chlorobenzene-1,2-diol is an organic compound. During storage and transportation, many matters need to be paid attention to to to ensure its safety and quality.
First storage environment. It should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. This compound is afraid of heat, moisture, and high temperature and humid places, which can easily cause it to decompose and deteriorate. If it is heated or initiates a chemical reaction, it will damage its chemical structure; if it is exposed to moisture, it will absorb moisture or agglomerate, which will affect its performance. Therefore, the temperature and humidity of the warehouse should be properly controlled. The temperature should be maintained between 15 ° C and 25 ° C, and the relative humidity should be lower than 60%.
The second time is the packaging. It must be packed in a sealed and corrosion-resistant container. Because it has a certain chemical activity, or reacts with certain materials. Common glass bottles and plastic drums can be used if they have good sealing and stable materials. Do not use metal containers to prevent them from chemically reacting with metals. Packaging must be tight to prevent leakage.
When transporting, safety is also the key. It should be transported separately from oxidants, acids, alkalis, etc. Because of its active chemical properties, contact with these substances, or react violently, causing dangerous accidents. And during transportation, it should be protected from exposure to the sun, rain, and high temperature. Transportation vehicles need to have good shock absorbers to avoid package damage due to bumps and collisions.
The loading and unloading process also needs to be cautious. Operators should wear appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, etc., to avoid direct contact. Loading and unloading actions should be gentle, do not make the container subject to violent impact or fall.
Storage and transportation of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol must be carried out in accordance with regulations in terms of environment, packaging, transportation and handling to ensure its safety, avoid accidents and ensure its quality.
First storage environment. It should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. This compound is afraid of heat, moisture, and high temperature and humid places, which can easily cause it to decompose and deteriorate. If it is heated or initiates a chemical reaction, it will damage its chemical structure; if it is exposed to moisture, it will absorb moisture or agglomerate, which will affect its performance. Therefore, the temperature and humidity of the warehouse should be properly controlled. The temperature should be maintained between 15 ° C and 25 ° C, and the relative humidity should be lower than 60%.
The second time is the packaging. It must be packed in a sealed and corrosion-resistant container. Because it has a certain chemical activity, or reacts with certain materials. Common glass bottles and plastic drums can be used if they have good sealing and stable materials. Do not use metal containers to prevent them from chemically reacting with metals. Packaging must be tight to prevent leakage.
When transporting, safety is also the key. It should be transported separately from oxidants, acids, alkalis, etc. Because of its active chemical properties, contact with these substances, or react violently, causing dangerous accidents. And during transportation, it should be protected from exposure to the sun, rain, and high temperature. Transportation vehicles need to have good shock absorbers to avoid package damage due to bumps and collisions.
The loading and unloading process also needs to be cautious. Operators should wear appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, etc., to avoid direct contact. Loading and unloading actions should be gentle, do not make the container subject to violent impact or fall.
Storage and transportation of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol must be carried out in accordance with regulations in terms of environment, packaging, transportation and handling to ensure its safety, avoid accidents and ensure its quality.
What are the effects of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol on the environment and human health?
3-Chlorobenzene-1,2-diol, the impact of this substance on the environment and human health is related to many parties, and this is for you to state in detail.
At the environmental level, it may have many effects. If released in water bodies, it may cause harm to aquatic organisms. Because of its chemical properties, it may interfere with the physiological functions of aquatic organisms, such as hindering their normal development and reproduction. Algae growth in water may be inhibited due to it, and algae are the foundation of aquatic ecosystems, and its ecological chain of changes is affected. And it may also accumulate in soil, affecting the structure and function of soil microbial communities, hindering normal soil ecological processes, causing changes in soil fertility, aeration, etc., and affecting plant growth.
As for human health, there is also a potential threat. Inhalation through the respiratory tract, or irritation of respiratory mucosa, causing cough, asthma and other discomfort. If skin contact, some people may have allergic reactions, such as rash, itching. Long-term exposure is more worrying, or carcinogenic, interfering with normal cell metabolism and genetic information transmission in the human body, causing abnormal cell proliferation and eventually cancer. And it may damage the nervous system, affect nerve conduction, cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, etc., especially in children in critical periods of nervous system development, or cause mental and behavioral development retardation.
Therefore, 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol has a significant impact on the environment and human health. When handled with caution, it should be prevented from escaping and causing harm.
At the environmental level, it may have many effects. If released in water bodies, it may cause harm to aquatic organisms. Because of its chemical properties, it may interfere with the physiological functions of aquatic organisms, such as hindering their normal development and reproduction. Algae growth in water may be inhibited due to it, and algae are the foundation of aquatic ecosystems, and its ecological chain of changes is affected. And it may also accumulate in soil, affecting the structure and function of soil microbial communities, hindering normal soil ecological processes, causing changes in soil fertility, aeration, etc., and affecting plant growth.
As for human health, there is also a potential threat. Inhalation through the respiratory tract, or irritation of respiratory mucosa, causing cough, asthma and other discomfort. If skin contact, some people may have allergic reactions, such as rash, itching. Long-term exposure is more worrying, or carcinogenic, interfering with normal cell metabolism and genetic information transmission in the human body, causing abnormal cell proliferation and eventually cancer. And it may damage the nervous system, affect nerve conduction, cause headaches, dizziness, fatigue, etc., especially in children in critical periods of nervous system development, or cause mental and behavioral development retardation.
Therefore, 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol has a significant impact on the environment and human health. When handled with caution, it should be prevented from escaping and causing harm.
What are the main uses of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol?
3-Bromo-1,2-dichloropropane is an organic compound. Its main uses are as follows:
First, in the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key intermediate. Because the halogen atom in the molecule is active, it can be converted into other organic compounds through many chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions and elimination reactions. For example, under the action of suitable nucleophiles, bromine atoms or chlorine atoms can be replaced by other functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups, etc., to synthesize more complex organic compounds, laying the foundation for the preparation of fine chemicals such as drugs, pesticides, and fragrances.
Second, in the field of materials science, it can be used to synthesize polymer materials with specific properties. By polymerizing with other monomers, its structural units are introduced into the polymer chain, giving the polymer material unique properties, such as improving the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the material. Because it contains halogen atoms, it may improve the flame retardant ability of the material, so that the material can be used in scenes with high fire safety requirements.
Third, in chemical research, it is often used as a model compound. Researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the chemical properties and reaction laws related to halogenated hydrocarbons by studying their chemical reaction mechanisms and reaction conditions, providing reference and reference for the study of other halogenated hydrocarbon compounds, and promoting the development and improvement of organic chemistry theory.
To sum up, 3-bromo-1,2-dichloropropane has important uses in organic synthesis, materials science, and chemical research due to its unique chemical structure, and plays an indispensable role in the development of the chemical industry.
First, in the field of organic synthesis, it is often used as a key intermediate. Because the halogen atom in the molecule is active, it can be converted into other organic compounds through many chemical reactions, such as nucleophilic substitution reactions and elimination reactions. For example, under the action of suitable nucleophiles, bromine atoms or chlorine atoms can be replaced by other functional groups, such as hydroxyl groups, amino groups, etc., to synthesize more complex organic compounds, laying the foundation for the preparation of fine chemicals such as drugs, pesticides, and fragrances.
Second, in the field of materials science, it can be used to synthesize polymer materials with specific properties. By polymerizing with other monomers, its structural units are introduced into the polymer chain, giving the polymer material unique properties, such as improving the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the material. Because it contains halogen atoms, it may improve the flame retardant ability of the material, so that the material can be used in scenes with high fire safety requirements.
Third, in chemical research, it is often used as a model compound. Researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the chemical properties and reaction laws related to halogenated hydrocarbons by studying their chemical reaction mechanisms and reaction conditions, providing reference and reference for the study of other halogenated hydrocarbon compounds, and promoting the development and improvement of organic chemistry theory.
To sum up, 3-bromo-1,2-dichloropropane has important uses in organic synthesis, materials science, and chemical research due to its unique chemical structure, and plays an indispensable role in the development of the chemical industry.
What are the physical properties of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol?
3-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a special odor. Its physical properties are described as follows:
1. ** Properties **: Under normal conditions, it is a colorless to light yellow flowing liquid. Its appearance is bright and transparent, and it visually presents the unique fluidity of the liquid.
2. ** Odor **: emits a special odor. Although it is difficult to accurately compare common odors, people can perceive it with a keen sense of smell.
3. ** Density **: The density is higher than that of water, about 1.93 g/cm ³. When mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. This property is due to the influence of molecular structure and constituent elements on the relationship between mass and volume.
4. ** Boiling point **: The boiling point is about 197 ° C. At this temperature, 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is violently converted from liquid to gaseous, and boiling occurs. Due to the increase in temperature, the molecular thermal movement is intensified, and the intermolecular force is overcome to escape from the liquid level.
5. ** Melting point **: Melting point is about -56 ° C. When the temperature drops to this point, the substance solidifies from liquid to solid, and the molecular movement slows down, and the arrangement tends to be orderly.
6. ** Solubility **: Slightly soluble in water, but can be miscible with most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. in any ratio. Due to its molecular structure having both polar and non-polar parts, it interacts weakly with strong polar solvents such as water, while it can be well mixed with organic solvents through the principle of similar miscibility.
7. ** Refractive index **: The refractive index is about 1.517 (20 ° C). When light passes through the substance, the degree of propagation direction change is characterized by this numerical value, reflecting the influence of the internal structure of the substance on the light propagation characteristics.
1. ** Properties **: Under normal conditions, it is a colorless to light yellow flowing liquid. Its appearance is bright and transparent, and it visually presents the unique fluidity of the liquid.
2. ** Odor **: emits a special odor. Although it is difficult to accurately compare common odors, people can perceive it with a keen sense of smell.
3. ** Density **: The density is higher than that of water, about 1.93 g/cm ³. When mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. This property is due to the influence of molecular structure and constituent elements on the relationship between mass and volume.
4. ** Boiling point **: The boiling point is about 197 ° C. At this temperature, 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is violently converted from liquid to gaseous, and boiling occurs. Due to the increase in temperature, the molecular thermal movement is intensified, and the intermolecular force is overcome to escape from the liquid level.
5. ** Melting point **: Melting point is about -56 ° C. When the temperature drops to this point, the substance solidifies from liquid to solid, and the molecular movement slows down, and the arrangement tends to be orderly.
6. ** Solubility **: Slightly soluble in water, but can be miscible with most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. in any ratio. Due to its molecular structure having both polar and non-polar parts, it interacts weakly with strong polar solvents such as water, while it can be well mixed with organic solvents through the principle of similar miscibility.
7. ** Refractive index **: The refractive index is about 1.517 (20 ° C). When light passes through the substance, the degree of propagation direction change is characterized by this numerical value, reflecting the influence of the internal structure of the substance on the light propagation characteristics.
What are the chemical properties of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol?
3-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is an organic compound with unique physical and chemical properties.
Looking at its physical properties, at room temperature, this substance is mostly a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid, with a special smell similar to chloroform. Its density is greater than that of water, and it can be miscible with many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform, in any ratio, but it is difficult to dissolve in water.
In terms of its chemical properties, both bromine and chlorine atoms in this molecule are halogen atoms, which are highly active, so a variety of chemical reactions can occur. Nucleophilic substitution reaction is one of its typical reactions. Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the halogen atom, the carbon atom connected to it is partially positively charged and vulnerable to attack by nucleophiles. For example, under basic conditions, the hydroxyl group ($OH ^ - $) can replace the halogen atom as a nucleophilic reagent to form the corresponding alcohol compound. If 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is treated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, the bromine atom or chlorine atom will be replaced by the hydroxyl group to obtain a product containing hydroxyl groups.
elimination reaction is also an important reaction. Under the action of strong bases such as ethanol solution of sodium ethanol, 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane can undergo elimination reaction, dehalide hydrogen (HBr or HCl), form carbon-carbon double bonds, and form compounds containing unsaturated bonds.
In addition, the halogen atom of 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane can also participate in some other reactions, such as interacting with metal magnesium, which can form Grignard reagents. This Grignard reagent is widely used in organic synthesis and can react with many carbonyl compounds to form carbon-carbon bonds, thereby synthesizing organic compounds with more complex structures. In short, 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is of great significance in the field of organic synthesis due to its existence of halogen atoms and active chemical properties.
Looking at its physical properties, at room temperature, this substance is mostly a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid, with a special smell similar to chloroform. Its density is greater than that of water, and it can be miscible with many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform, in any ratio, but it is difficult to dissolve in water.
In terms of its chemical properties, both bromine and chlorine atoms in this molecule are halogen atoms, which are highly active, so a variety of chemical reactions can occur. Nucleophilic substitution reaction is one of its typical reactions. Due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the halogen atom, the carbon atom connected to it is partially positively charged and vulnerable to attack by nucleophiles. For example, under basic conditions, the hydroxyl group ($OH ^ - $) can replace the halogen atom as a nucleophilic reagent to form the corresponding alcohol compound. If 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is treated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, the bromine atom or chlorine atom will be replaced by the hydroxyl group to obtain a product containing hydroxyl groups.
elimination reaction is also an important reaction. Under the action of strong bases such as ethanol solution of sodium ethanol, 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane can undergo elimination reaction, dehalide hydrogen (HBr or HCl), form carbon-carbon double bonds, and form compounds containing unsaturated bonds.
In addition, the halogen atom of 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane can also participate in some other reactions, such as interacting with metal magnesium, which can form Grignard reagents. This Grignard reagent is widely used in organic synthesis and can react with many carbonyl compounds to form carbon-carbon bonds, thereby synthesizing organic compounds with more complex structures. In short, 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is of great significance in the field of organic synthesis due to its existence of halogen atoms and active chemical properties.
What are the synthesis methods of 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol?
To prepare 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane, the following methods can be followed.
First, ethylene is used as the starting material. The addition reaction of ethylene and bromine occurs first, which is mild and easy to control. The double bond of ethylene is active. When encountering bromine, one of the double bonds breaks, and two bromine atoms are added to the carbon atoms at both ends of the double bond to generate 1,2-dibromoethane. The chemical equation is:\ (CH_ {2} = CH_ {2} + Br_ {2}\ rightarrow CH_ {2} BrCH_ {2} Br\). Then, the substitution reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane with chlorine under light or appropriate catalyst occurs. At this time, chlorine atoms gradually replace hydrogen atoms in 1,2-dibromoethane molecules to produce 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane. However, this substitution reaction has many side reactions, and the product is complex. Fine regulation of reaction conditions is required to improve the yield of the target product.
Second, acetylene can also be used as a starting material. First, acetylene is added to an appropriate amount of hydrogen bromide. Acetylene has a triple bond and can be added to a molecule of hydrogen bromide to produce bromoethylene. The chemical equation is:\ (CH\ equiv CH + HBr\ rightarrow CH_ {2} = CHBr\). Then, vinyl bromide is added to chlorine gas, and the chlorine atom of chlorine gas is added to both ends of the double bond of vinyl bromide to obtain 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane. The reaction is more direct, with relatively few side reactions. The yield is higher than that of the replacement step using ethylene as the raw material, and the purity of the product is easier to ensure.
Third, you can also start from 1,2-dichloroethane. First, 1,2-dichloroethane is reacted with bromine under appropriate conditions with a brominating agent, such as iron bromide, to replace a hydrogen atom in 1,2-dichloroethane with a bromine atom, and then 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is obtained. However, this process requires precise control of the reaction process, because if the reaction is excessive, multiple hydrogen atoms may be replaced to form other complex products.
First, ethylene is used as the starting material. The addition reaction of ethylene and bromine occurs first, which is mild and easy to control. The double bond of ethylene is active. When encountering bromine, one of the double bonds breaks, and two bromine atoms are added to the carbon atoms at both ends of the double bond to generate 1,2-dibromoethane. The chemical equation is:\ (CH_ {2} = CH_ {2} + Br_ {2}\ rightarrow CH_ {2} BrCH_ {2} Br\). Then, the substitution reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane with chlorine under light or appropriate catalyst occurs. At this time, chlorine atoms gradually replace hydrogen atoms in 1,2-dibromoethane molecules to produce 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane. However, this substitution reaction has many side reactions, and the product is complex. Fine regulation of reaction conditions is required to improve the yield of the target product.
Second, acetylene can also be used as a starting material. First, acetylene is added to an appropriate amount of hydrogen bromide. Acetylene has a triple bond and can be added to a molecule of hydrogen bromide to produce bromoethylene. The chemical equation is:\ (CH\ equiv CH + HBr\ rightarrow CH_ {2} = CHBr\). Then, vinyl bromide is added to chlorine gas, and the chlorine atom of chlorine gas is added to both ends of the double bond of vinyl bromide to obtain 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane. The reaction is more direct, with relatively few side reactions. The yield is higher than that of the replacement step using ethylene as the raw material, and the purity of the product is easier to ensure.
Third, you can also start from 1,2-dichloroethane. First, 1,2-dichloroethane is reacted with bromine under appropriate conditions with a brominating agent, such as iron bromide, to replace a hydrogen atom in 1,2-dichloroethane with a bromine atom, and then 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is obtained. However, this process requires precise control of the reaction process, because if the reaction is excessive, multiple hydrogen atoms may be replaced to form other complex products.
What are the precautions for 3-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol in storage and transportation?
3-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is a highly toxic chemical. When storing and transporting, you need to pay great attention to the following things:
First, the storage place must be cool and well ventilated. Because of its volatility, if it is in a high temperature or poorly ventilated place, its volatile gas will accumulate, one may cause the concentration to be too high, and there is a risk of poisoning; second, the gas will accumulate or increase the risk of explosion. As "Tiangong Kaiwu" said, "Where things are stored, you must choose a cool, dry and windy place to prevent them from changing." This principle also applies to the storage of 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane.
Second, it needs to be stored separately from oxidants, acids, bases, etc. 3-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is chemically active, and contact with the above substances is prone to chemical reactions, or serious consequences such as combustion and explosion. This ancient saying "do not mix with different species to prevent their harm", substances with different chemical properties cannot be mixed.
Third, the storage container must be tightly sealed. 3-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is volatile. If the container is not well sealed, it will not only cause its volatilization loss, but also the volatile gas will escape, which will pollute the environment and endanger the health of surrounding people. The ancients also knew to use airtight devices to prevent them from leaking and deteriorating, and the same is true for this chemical.
Fourth, strict regulations must be followed during transportation. Transportation vehicles should be equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. During transportation, ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or damage. And when transporting, follow the specified route and do not stop in densely populated areas and residential areas. If the boat goes through the water, it needs to follow the established channel and do not enter the dangerous place to ensure safety along the way.
First, the storage place must be cool and well ventilated. Because of its volatility, if it is in a high temperature or poorly ventilated place, its volatile gas will accumulate, one may cause the concentration to be too high, and there is a risk of poisoning; second, the gas will accumulate or increase the risk of explosion. As "Tiangong Kaiwu" said, "Where things are stored, you must choose a cool, dry and windy place to prevent them from changing." This principle also applies to the storage of 3-bromo-1,2-dichloroethane.
Second, it needs to be stored separately from oxidants, acids, bases, etc. 3-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is chemically active, and contact with the above substances is prone to chemical reactions, or serious consequences such as combustion and explosion. This ancient saying "do not mix with different species to prevent their harm", substances with different chemical properties cannot be mixed.
Third, the storage container must be tightly sealed. 3-Bromo-1,2-dichloroethane is volatile. If the container is not well sealed, it will not only cause its volatilization loss, but also the volatile gas will escape, which will pollute the environment and endanger the health of surrounding people. The ancients also knew to use airtight devices to prevent them from leaking and deteriorating, and the same is true for this chemical.
Fourth, strict regulations must be followed during transportation. Transportation vehicles should be equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. During transportation, ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or damage. And when transporting, follow the specified route and do not stop in densely populated areas and residential areas. If the boat goes through the water, it needs to follow the established channel and do not enter the dangerous place to ensure safety along the way.
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