Linshang Chemical
PRODUCTS
4-Fluorochlorobenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
254140 |
| Chemical Formula | C6H4ClF |
| Molar Mass | 128.547 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Aromatic odor |
| Density | 1.251 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | 116 - 117 °C |
| Melting Point | -27 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in many organic solvents like ethanol, ether |
| Flash Point | 18 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | 2.7 kPa at 20 °C |
As an accredited 4-Fluorochlorobenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 1 - kg bottle of 4 - fluorochlorobenzene, well - sealed for chemical storage. |
| Storage | 4 - fluorochlorobenzene should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area, away from heat sources and ignition points. Keep it in a tightly closed container to prevent vapor leakage. Store it separately from oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and other reactive chemicals. Ensure the storage facility has proper spill - containment measures to handle any potential leaks safely. |
| Shipping | 4 - fluorochlorobenzene is shipped in tightly - sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. It's transported under proper regulatory compliance, ensuring temperature control during transit to maintain its stability and prevent any potential leakage or hazards. |
Competitive 4-Fluorochlorobenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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As a leading 4-Fluorochlorobenzene supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.
What are the main uses of 4-fluorochlorobenzene?
4-Fluorochlorobenzene is also an organic compound. It has a wide range of uses and is involved in various fields of chemical industry.
First, it is often an important raw material in the synthesis of medicine. It can be transformed into drug molecules with specific pharmacological activities through a series of delicate chemical reactions. Taking some antibacterial drugs as an example, 4-fluorochlorobenzene participates in the construction of its core chemical structure, helping the drug to exert its antibacterial effect and protect the health of living beings.
Second, it also plays a key role in the creation of pesticides. From it, a variety of highly efficient pesticide ingredients can be derived. Such pesticides can effectively resist the invasion of pests, protect crops from pests, improve crop yield and quality, and contribute greatly to the prosperity of farmers.
Third, in the field of materials science, 4-fluorochlorobenzene also has extraordinary performance. Can be used as the basic raw material for synthesizing special polymer materials. After clever polymerization, the resulting polymer materials may have unique physical and chemical properties, such as excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., and are widely used in high-end fields such as aerospace and electronics.
Fourth, in the dye synthesis industry, 4-fluorochlorobenzene is also a useful material. With a specific synthesis path, it can be converted into brightly colored and stable dyes, adding color to the printing, dyeing, textile and other industries.
In short, 4-fluorochlorobenzene is an indispensable raw material in many fields such as medicine, pesticides, materials, dyes, etc., and has contributed greatly to the development of various industries.
First, it is often an important raw material in the synthesis of medicine. It can be transformed into drug molecules with specific pharmacological activities through a series of delicate chemical reactions. Taking some antibacterial drugs as an example, 4-fluorochlorobenzene participates in the construction of its core chemical structure, helping the drug to exert its antibacterial effect and protect the health of living beings.
Second, it also plays a key role in the creation of pesticides. From it, a variety of highly efficient pesticide ingredients can be derived. Such pesticides can effectively resist the invasion of pests, protect crops from pests, improve crop yield and quality, and contribute greatly to the prosperity of farmers.
Third, in the field of materials science, 4-fluorochlorobenzene also has extraordinary performance. Can be used as the basic raw material for synthesizing special polymer materials. After clever polymerization, the resulting polymer materials may have unique physical and chemical properties, such as excellent heat resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., and are widely used in high-end fields such as aerospace and electronics.
Fourth, in the dye synthesis industry, 4-fluorochlorobenzene is also a useful material. With a specific synthesis path, it can be converted into brightly colored and stable dyes, adding color to the printing, dyeing, textile and other industries.
In short, 4-fluorochlorobenzene is an indispensable raw material in many fields such as medicine, pesticides, materials, dyes, etc., and has contributed greatly to the development of various industries.
What are the physical properties of 4-fluorochlorobenzene?
4-Fluorochlorobenzene is also an organic compound. It has unique physical properties, as detailed below:
- ** Properties **: Under normal temperature and pressure, 4-fluorochlorobenzene is a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid. Viewed, it is clear and translucent, similar to many common organic solvents, and has no impurities or suspended solids visible to the naked eye.
- ** Odor **: This substance emits a special aromatic odor, but the odor is relatively mild compared to some aromatic hydrocarbons. Although it has some volatility, at low concentrations, its odor is not unpleasant.
- ** Boiling point **: The boiling point of 4-fluorochlorobenzene is about 128-130 ° C. The boiling point value shows that 4-fluorochlorobenzene will change from liquid to gaseous state when heated to this temperature range in an atmospheric pressure environment. Its boiling point is slightly higher than the boiling point of water at 100 ° C. This is due to differences in intermolecular forces.
- ** Melting point **: The melting point is about -27 ° C. This means that when the ambient temperature drops to this temperature and below, 4-fluorochlorobenzene will solidify from liquid to solid. When storing or transporting under low temperature ambient conditions, this characteristic should be paid attention to to to prevent its solidification from affecting the use.
- ** Density **: The density is about 1.22 g/cm ³, which is slightly higher than the density of water at 1 g/cm ³. If 4-fluorochlorobenzene is mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. This property has an important impact in processes such as liquid-liquid separation or material distribution.
- ** Solubility **: 4-fluorochlorobenzene is insoluble in water because water is a polar molecule, while 4-fluorochlorobenzene molecules are relatively weak in polarity. According to the principle of "similar compatibility", the two are insoluble. However, it can be miscible with most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc., and can form a uniform solution system with these organic solvents. It is widely used in organic synthesis, extraction and other fields.
- ** Volatility **: 4-fluorochlorobenzene is volatile. At room temperature, the molecules continue to move out of the liquid surface, causing its concentration in the air to gradually increase. In poorly ventilated environments, care should be taken to prevent its volatile accumulation, so as not to cause safety or health problems.
- ** Properties **: Under normal temperature and pressure, 4-fluorochlorobenzene is a colorless to light yellow transparent liquid. Viewed, it is clear and translucent, similar to many common organic solvents, and has no impurities or suspended solids visible to the naked eye.
- ** Odor **: This substance emits a special aromatic odor, but the odor is relatively mild compared to some aromatic hydrocarbons. Although it has some volatility, at low concentrations, its odor is not unpleasant.
- ** Boiling point **: The boiling point of 4-fluorochlorobenzene is about 128-130 ° C. The boiling point value shows that 4-fluorochlorobenzene will change from liquid to gaseous state when heated to this temperature range in an atmospheric pressure environment. Its boiling point is slightly higher than the boiling point of water at 100 ° C. This is due to differences in intermolecular forces.
- ** Melting point **: The melting point is about -27 ° C. This means that when the ambient temperature drops to this temperature and below, 4-fluorochlorobenzene will solidify from liquid to solid. When storing or transporting under low temperature ambient conditions, this characteristic should be paid attention to to to prevent its solidification from affecting the use.
- ** Density **: The density is about 1.22 g/cm ³, which is slightly higher than the density of water at 1 g/cm ³. If 4-fluorochlorobenzene is mixed with water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. This property has an important impact in processes such as liquid-liquid separation or material distribution.
- ** Solubility **: 4-fluorochlorobenzene is insoluble in water because water is a polar molecule, while 4-fluorochlorobenzene molecules are relatively weak in polarity. According to the principle of "similar compatibility", the two are insoluble. However, it can be miscible with most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc., and can form a uniform solution system with these organic solvents. It is widely used in organic synthesis, extraction and other fields.
- ** Volatility **: 4-fluorochlorobenzene is volatile. At room temperature, the molecules continue to move out of the liquid surface, causing its concentration in the air to gradually increase. In poorly ventilated environments, care should be taken to prevent its volatile accumulation, so as not to cause safety or health problems.
What is the chemistry of 4-fluorochlorobenzene?
4-Fluorochlorobenzene is also an organic compound. It has the commonality of halogenated aromatics. In terms of its chemical properties, the presence of fluorine and chlorine atoms endows this compound with unique reactivity.
Fluorine atoms have strong electronegativity, which can reduce the electron cloud density of the benzene ring and reduce the electrophilic substitution reactivity of the benzene ring. However, the electron cloud density of the adjacent and para-position is relatively high, so the electrophilic reagents are easy to attack these two positions. In case of electrophilic reagents, substitution reactions often occur in the adjacent and para-position. Although the chlorine atom also reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, it is slightly weaker than the fluorine atom. In many reactions, the two work together to influence the reaction direction and rate of 4-fluorochlorobenzene.
In nucleophilic substitution reactions, fluorine and chlorine atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic reagents. Due to the high carbon-fluorine bond energy of fluorine atoms, it is difficult to replace; chlorine atoms are relatively easy to be replaced. If treated with alcohol solutions of strong bases, chlorine atoms may be replaced first to generate corresponding replacement products.
4-Fluorochlorobenzene can also participate in metal-catalyzed reactions. For example, under palladium catalysis, it can couple with boron-containing reagents to form carbon-carbon bonds, which is an important means to construct complex molecular structures in organic synthesis.
In addition, the chemical properties of 4-fluorochlorobenzene are of great significance in the fields of drug synthesis and materials science. In drug development, specific functional groups can be introduced to optimize the activity and properties of drug molecules due to their reaction characteristics. In the field of materials, polymer materials with special properties can be prepared through the reactions they participate in.
Fluorine atoms have strong electronegativity, which can reduce the electron cloud density of the benzene ring and reduce the electrophilic substitution reactivity of the benzene ring. However, the electron cloud density of the adjacent and para-position is relatively high, so the electrophilic reagents are easy to attack these two positions. In case of electrophilic reagents, substitution reactions often occur in the adjacent and para-position. Although the chlorine atom also reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, it is slightly weaker than the fluorine atom. In many reactions, the two work together to influence the reaction direction and rate of 4-fluorochlorobenzene.
In nucleophilic substitution reactions, fluorine and chlorine atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic reagents. Due to the high carbon-fluorine bond energy of fluorine atoms, it is difficult to replace; chlorine atoms are relatively easy to be replaced. If treated with alcohol solutions of strong bases, chlorine atoms may be replaced first to generate corresponding replacement products.
4-Fluorochlorobenzene can also participate in metal-catalyzed reactions. For example, under palladium catalysis, it can couple with boron-containing reagents to form carbon-carbon bonds, which is an important means to construct complex molecular structures in organic synthesis.
In addition, the chemical properties of 4-fluorochlorobenzene are of great significance in the fields of drug synthesis and materials science. In drug development, specific functional groups can be introduced to optimize the activity and properties of drug molecules due to their reaction characteristics. In the field of materials, polymer materials with special properties can be prepared through the reactions they participate in.
What is 4-fluorochlorobenzene production method?
For 4-fluorochlorobenzene, organic compounds are also prepared by various methods in the past.
First, chlorobenzene is used as the starting material and is replaced by electrophilic substitution. In a suitable reaction environment, if a specific catalyst is selected, iron or aluminum compounds are often used to introduce fluorine sources. Fluorine sources, such as hydrogen fluoride or its salts. At a certain temperature and pressure, on the benzene ring of chlorobenzene, the ortho or para-position of the chlorine atom is replaced by an electrophilic substitution reaction, and the fluorine atom is replaced to obtain 4-fluorochlorobenzene. However, in this reaction, the selective control is difficult, and it is often accompanied by by by-products of other position substitutions. Therefore, it is necessary to fine-tune the reaction conditions, such as temperature, catalyst dosage, and reactant ratio, to increase the yield of 4-fluorochlorobenzene.
Second, p-chloroaniline is used as raw material. First, p-chloroaniline is reacted by diazotization to obtain diazonium salt. Then the diazonium salt is treated with fluoroboronic acid to form p-chlorobenzene diazofluoroborate. Then the salt is decomposed by heating, and through a series of reactions, nitrogen gas is released to generate 4-fluorochlorobenzene. This approach is a bit complicated, but the diazotization reaction and the subsequent conversion reaction are relatively mild, the product selectivity is quite high, and the diazotization reaction can be carried out at low temperature, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of side reactions. Therefore, in a certain scale of production, it is also a commonly used method.
Third, 4-chlorophenol is used as raw material. First, 4-chlorophenol is converted into the corresponding phenol salt, such as reacting with alkali to form sodium phenol salt. Then, fluorinated reagents, such as potassium fluoride, are added to an organic solvent, heated and reacted. After nucleophilic substitution, the hydroxyl group is replaced by a fluorine atom to obtain 4-fluorochlorobenzene. In this process, the choice of organic solvent is very critical. It is necessary to choose the one with good solubility of the reactants and no adverse effect on the reaction. At the same time, the control of temperature and reaction time is related to the purity and yield of the product.
Various production methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The production needs to be carefully selected according to the actual situation, such as the availability of raw materials, cost considerations, and product purity requirements.
First, chlorobenzene is used as the starting material and is replaced by electrophilic substitution. In a suitable reaction environment, if a specific catalyst is selected, iron or aluminum compounds are often used to introduce fluorine sources. Fluorine sources, such as hydrogen fluoride or its salts. At a certain temperature and pressure, on the benzene ring of chlorobenzene, the ortho or para-position of the chlorine atom is replaced by an electrophilic substitution reaction, and the fluorine atom is replaced to obtain 4-fluorochlorobenzene. However, in this reaction, the selective control is difficult, and it is often accompanied by by by-products of other position substitutions. Therefore, it is necessary to fine-tune the reaction conditions, such as temperature, catalyst dosage, and reactant ratio, to increase the yield of 4-fluorochlorobenzene.
Second, p-chloroaniline is used as raw material. First, p-chloroaniline is reacted by diazotization to obtain diazonium salt. Then the diazonium salt is treated with fluoroboronic acid to form p-chlorobenzene diazofluoroborate. Then the salt is decomposed by heating, and through a series of reactions, nitrogen gas is released to generate 4-fluorochlorobenzene. This approach is a bit complicated, but the diazotization reaction and the subsequent conversion reaction are relatively mild, the product selectivity is quite high, and the diazotization reaction can be carried out at low temperature, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of side reactions. Therefore, in a certain scale of production, it is also a commonly used method.
Third, 4-chlorophenol is used as raw material. First, 4-chlorophenol is converted into the corresponding phenol salt, such as reacting with alkali to form sodium phenol salt. Then, fluorinated reagents, such as potassium fluoride, are added to an organic solvent, heated and reacted. After nucleophilic substitution, the hydroxyl group is replaced by a fluorine atom to obtain 4-fluorochlorobenzene. In this process, the choice of organic solvent is very critical. It is necessary to choose the one with good solubility of the reactants and no adverse effect on the reaction. At the same time, the control of temperature and reaction time is related to the purity and yield of the product.
Various production methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The production needs to be carefully selected according to the actual situation, such as the availability of raw materials, cost considerations, and product purity requirements.
4-fluorochlorobenzene what are the precautions during use
4-Fluorochlorobenzene is also an organic compound. When using it, many things must be observed.
The first thing to pay attention to is its toxicity. This substance may be toxic and can harm human health. If it comes into contact with it, it may cause skin irritation, causing redness, swelling and itching. Accidentally entering the eyes can damage the eye tissue, so when operating, it is necessary to wear protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, etc., to prevent it from contacting the body surface. And it should be used in a well-ventilated place to avoid inhaling its volatile gas, causing damage to the respiratory tract, causing cough, asthma and other diseases.
The second is its flammability. 4-Fluorochlorobenzene is flammable. In case of open flame or hot topic, there is a risk of ignition and explosion. The place of use should be kept away from fire and heat sources, and fireworks should be prohibited. When storing, it should also be placed in a cool and ventilated place, and stored separately from oxidants and flammable substances to prevent interaction and cause fire and explosion.
In addition, its chemical activity also needs attention. 4-Fluorochlorobenzene can chemically react with a variety of substances. Before mixing other chemicals, it is necessary to know the reaction characteristics of the two in detail to prevent adverse reactions, such as the generation of toxic gases, violent exothermic, etc. During the experiment or production, the operation sequence and reaction conditions must be precisely controlled to ensure the safety and control of the process.
In addition, waste after use should not be disposed of at will. Because of its certain hazards, it needs to be properly disposed of in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, or handed over to professional disposal institutions to avoid polluting the environment and harming the ecology.
In short, when using 4-fluorochlorobenzene, it should be treated with caution in terms of toxicity, flammability, chemical activity and waste disposal, and safety procedures should be strictly followed to ensure personal safety and environmental integrity.
The first thing to pay attention to is its toxicity. This substance may be toxic and can harm human health. If it comes into contact with it, it may cause skin irritation, causing redness, swelling and itching. Accidentally entering the eyes can damage the eye tissue, so when operating, it is necessary to wear protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, etc., to prevent it from contacting the body surface. And it should be used in a well-ventilated place to avoid inhaling its volatile gas, causing damage to the respiratory tract, causing cough, asthma and other diseases.
The second is its flammability. 4-Fluorochlorobenzene is flammable. In case of open flame or hot topic, there is a risk of ignition and explosion. The place of use should be kept away from fire and heat sources, and fireworks should be prohibited. When storing, it should also be placed in a cool and ventilated place, and stored separately from oxidants and flammable substances to prevent interaction and cause fire and explosion.
In addition, its chemical activity also needs attention. 4-Fluorochlorobenzene can chemically react with a variety of substances. Before mixing other chemicals, it is necessary to know the reaction characteristics of the two in detail to prevent adverse reactions, such as the generation of toxic gases, violent exothermic, etc. During the experiment or production, the operation sequence and reaction conditions must be precisely controlled to ensure the safety and control of the process.
In addition, waste after use should not be disposed of at will. Because of its certain hazards, it needs to be properly disposed of in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, or handed over to professional disposal institutions to avoid polluting the environment and harming the ecology.
In short, when using 4-fluorochlorobenzene, it should be treated with caution in terms of toxicity, flammability, chemical activity and waste disposal, and safety procedures should be strictly followed to ensure personal safety and environmental integrity.
What is the chemical structure of 4-fluorochlorobenzene?
The chemical structure of 4-fluorochlorobenzene can be regarded as above the benzene ring, at the opposite position, one is replaced by the fluorine atom and the other is replaced by the chlorine atom. The benzene ring is a six-membered carbon ring with a unique conjugate system, which makes the benzene ring stable.
fluorine atoms have high electronegativity and strong electron-withdrawing effect. When connected to the benzene ring, the electron cloud distribution of the benzene ring is affected by the induction effect and the conjugation effect. This effect can reduce the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, especially in the adjacent and para-position.
Chlorine atoms also have certain electronegativity, but they are slightly inferior to fluorine atoms. When it is connected to the benzene ring, it also acts on the benzene ring electron cloud by induction effect and conjugation effect. The induction effect of chlorine atom is electron absorption, and the conjugation effect is electron supply. Under the combination of the two, the effect on the electron cloud density of the benzene ring is slightly different from that of the fluorine atom.
In the structure of 4-fluorochlorobenzene, the spatial position of fluorine and chlorine atoms is established, on both sides of the benzene ring plane. The interaction of the different electronic effects between the two results in the unique physical and chemical properties of 4-fluorochlorobenzene. In the chemical reaction, due to the change of electron cloud density of benzene ring, the activity check point and reactivity are affected, and the activity of electrophilic substitution reaction or meta-site is different from that of benzene itself due to the decrease of electron cloud density in adjacent and para-sites. And due to the existence of fluorine and chlorine atoms, its molecular polarity is also different from that of benzene, affecting its solubility, boiling point and other physical properties.
fluorine atoms have high electronegativity and strong electron-withdrawing effect. When connected to the benzene ring, the electron cloud distribution of the benzene ring is affected by the induction effect and the conjugation effect. This effect can reduce the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, especially in the adjacent and para-position.
Chlorine atoms also have certain electronegativity, but they are slightly inferior to fluorine atoms. When it is connected to the benzene ring, it also acts on the benzene ring electron cloud by induction effect and conjugation effect. The induction effect of chlorine atom is electron absorption, and the conjugation effect is electron supply. Under the combination of the two, the effect on the electron cloud density of the benzene ring is slightly different from that of the fluorine atom.
In the structure of 4-fluorochlorobenzene, the spatial position of fluorine and chlorine atoms is established, on both sides of the benzene ring plane. The interaction of the different electronic effects between the two results in the unique physical and chemical properties of 4-fluorochlorobenzene. In the chemical reaction, due to the change of electron cloud density of benzene ring, the activity check point and reactivity are affected, and the activity of electrophilic substitution reaction or meta-site is different from that of benzene itself due to the decrease of electron cloud density in adjacent and para-sites. And due to the existence of fluorine and chlorine atoms, its molecular polarity is also different from that of benzene, affecting its solubility, boiling point and other physical properties.
What are the main uses of 4-fluorochlorobenzene?
4-Fluorochlorobenzene, as well as organic compounds, is widely used in various fields of chemical industry. Its main uses are as follows.
First, 4-fluorochlorobenzene is a key intermediate in the synthesis of medicine. The preparation of many drugs depends on its participation, such as some antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. Due to its specific chemical structure, it can introduce target molecules, endow drugs with unique physiological activities, help improve the efficacy and specificity of drugs, and help human health.
Second, it is also common in the field of pesticides. After a specific chemical reaction, 4-fluorochlorobenzene can be converted into high-efficiency pesticide ingredients. Such pesticides have good insecticidal and herbicidal properties, and have significant effects on the control of crop diseases and insect pests and yield protection.
Third, in the field of materials science, 4-fluorochlorobenzene also contributes. It can be used to synthesize special polymer materials, giving excellent properties such as high temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. Such materials are in high demand in high-end fields such as aerospace and electronics industries, contributing to the research and development of advanced materials.
Fourth, in the dye industry, 4-fluorochlorobenzene can be used as raw materials to participate in the synthesis of dyes with bright colors and excellent fastness. It can meet the needs of high-quality dyes in textile, printing and dyeing industries, making dyeing products lasting and beautiful.
In summary, although 4-fluorochlorobenzene is an organic small molecule, it plays an indispensable role in the fields of medicine, pesticides, materials, dyes, and other industries, and plays a significant role in promoting technological progress and development in various industries.
First, 4-fluorochlorobenzene is a key intermediate in the synthesis of medicine. The preparation of many drugs depends on its participation, such as some antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. Due to its specific chemical structure, it can introduce target molecules, endow drugs with unique physiological activities, help improve the efficacy and specificity of drugs, and help human health.
Second, it is also common in the field of pesticides. After a specific chemical reaction, 4-fluorochlorobenzene can be converted into high-efficiency pesticide ingredients. Such pesticides have good insecticidal and herbicidal properties, and have significant effects on the control of crop diseases and insect pests and yield protection.
Third, in the field of materials science, 4-fluorochlorobenzene also contributes. It can be used to synthesize special polymer materials, giving excellent properties such as high temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. Such materials are in high demand in high-end fields such as aerospace and electronics industries, contributing to the research and development of advanced materials.
Fourth, in the dye industry, 4-fluorochlorobenzene can be used as raw materials to participate in the synthesis of dyes with bright colors and excellent fastness. It can meet the needs of high-quality dyes in textile, printing and dyeing industries, making dyeing products lasting and beautiful.
In summary, although 4-fluorochlorobenzene is an organic small molecule, it plays an indispensable role in the fields of medicine, pesticides, materials, dyes, and other industries, and plays a significant role in promoting technological progress and development in various industries.
What are the physical properties of 4-fluorochlorobenzene?
4-Fluorochlorobenzene is one of the organic compounds. It has unique physical properties and is relevant to its application in various fields.
Looking at its appearance, under room temperature and pressure, 4-fluorochlorobenzene is a colorless and transparent liquid, with a pure and clear texture and a delicate luster. Smell it, it has a specific aromatic smell. Although this smell is not pungent, it is also significantly recognizable, giving a specific impression on the senses.
When it comes to boiling point, it is between 128 ° C and 130 ° C. At this temperature, 4-fluorochlorobenzene gradually changes from liquid to gaseous state, which is a key property in chemical operations such as distillation and separation. Its melting point is about -27 ° C, which means that when the temperature drops below this point, 4-fluorochlorobenzene will solidify from liquid to solid, and this melting point characteristic also affects its storage and transportation conditions.
The density of 4-fluorochlorobenzene is about 1.22 g/cm ³, which is heavier than that of water. When mixed with water, due to the difference in density, the two will be stratified, and 4-fluorochlorobenzene will occupy the lower layer.
Furthermore, 4-fluorochlorobenzene has good solubility in organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, and other common organic solvents. This solubility makes it an excellent solvent in organic synthesis reactions, which can effectively promote the contact and reaction between reactants. In water, 4-fluorochlorobenzene has little solubility, and this property also helps to separate it from aqueous substances.
In addition, 4-fluorochlorobenzene has a certain degree of volatility, and it will gradually evaporate into the air in an open environment. However, its volatilization rate is not extremely fast. This property not only affects the operating environment when it is used, but also relates to the need to seal it properly during storage to prevent volatilization loss and environmental pollution.
In summary, the physical properties of 4-fluorochlorobenzene are diverse and unique, and each property is interrelated, which together determine its use and treatment in chemical, pharmaceutical and other fields.
Looking at its appearance, under room temperature and pressure, 4-fluorochlorobenzene is a colorless and transparent liquid, with a pure and clear texture and a delicate luster. Smell it, it has a specific aromatic smell. Although this smell is not pungent, it is also significantly recognizable, giving a specific impression on the senses.
When it comes to boiling point, it is between 128 ° C and 130 ° C. At this temperature, 4-fluorochlorobenzene gradually changes from liquid to gaseous state, which is a key property in chemical operations such as distillation and separation. Its melting point is about -27 ° C, which means that when the temperature drops below this point, 4-fluorochlorobenzene will solidify from liquid to solid, and this melting point characteristic also affects its storage and transportation conditions.
The density of 4-fluorochlorobenzene is about 1.22 g/cm ³, which is heavier than that of water. When mixed with water, due to the difference in density, the two will be stratified, and 4-fluorochlorobenzene will occupy the lower layer.
Furthermore, 4-fluorochlorobenzene has good solubility in organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, and other common organic solvents. This solubility makes it an excellent solvent in organic synthesis reactions, which can effectively promote the contact and reaction between reactants. In water, 4-fluorochlorobenzene has little solubility, and this property also helps to separate it from aqueous substances.
In addition, 4-fluorochlorobenzene has a certain degree of volatility, and it will gradually evaporate into the air in an open environment. However, its volatilization rate is not extremely fast. This property not only affects the operating environment when it is used, but also relates to the need to seal it properly during storage to prevent volatilization loss and environmental pollution.
In summary, the physical properties of 4-fluorochlorobenzene are diverse and unique, and each property is interrelated, which together determine its use and treatment in chemical, pharmaceutical and other fields.
What are the preparation methods of 4-fluorochlorobenzene?
4-Fluorochlorobenzene, as well as organic compounds, is widely used in various fields of chemical industry. The common methods for its preparation include the following:
First, the halogen exchange method. Choose the appropriate halogenated benzene as the raw material, and under specific conditions, make the halogen atoms exchange with each other. If chlorobenzene is used as the starting point, it is co-placed in a suitable solvent with the fluorinating agent, and a catalyst is added to control the temperature so that the chlorine atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms to form 4-fluorochlorobenzene. Among them, the fluorinating agent can be potassium fluoride, etc., the solvent or dimethyl sulfoxide, and the catalyst such as quaternary ammonium salts can promote the reaction to go faster. The key to the reaction is to precisely control the temperature, select the appropriate reagent and solvent, and increase the yield and purity of the product.
Second, the diazotization method. First, the diazonium salt is prepared by the diazotization reaction of p-chloroaniline. Then the diazonium salt is treated with a fluorine-containing reagent, so that the diazoyl group is replaced by a fluorine atom, and then 4-fluorochlorobenzene is obtained. During diazotization, sodium nitrite and inorganic acid are often used to prepare nitrous acid, which reacts with p-chloroaniline to form a diazosalt. Then it is treated with fluoroboric acid or other fluorine-containing reagents, and the fluorination reaction is completed by heating and other steps. This process requires careful management of diazonium salts, because of its active nature, easy to explode, and the reaction conditions of each step need to be carefully regulated.
Third, the direct fluorination method. With a specific fluorination The fluorinated reagents used, such as Selectfluor, have high selectivity and mild reaction conditions. Reacted in an organic solvent, under the action of a catalyst, the fluorinated reagent fluorinates at a specific position on the chlorobenzene-benzene ring to obtain 4-fluorochlorobenzene. This approach requires in-depth study of the catalyst and reaction conditions to achieve optimal regional selectivity and yield.
Preparation of 4-fluorochlorobenzene, each method has its own length and length. According to the availability of raw materials, cost, yield and purity, the optimal method should be selected to achieve efficient, economical and environmentally friendly preparation.
First, the halogen exchange method. Choose the appropriate halogenated benzene as the raw material, and under specific conditions, make the halogen atoms exchange with each other. If chlorobenzene is used as the starting point, it is co-placed in a suitable solvent with the fluorinating agent, and a catalyst is added to control the temperature so that the chlorine atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms to form 4-fluorochlorobenzene. Among them, the fluorinating agent can be potassium fluoride, etc., the solvent or dimethyl sulfoxide, and the catalyst such as quaternary ammonium salts can promote the reaction to go faster. The key to the reaction is to precisely control the temperature, select the appropriate reagent and solvent, and increase the yield and purity of the product.
Second, the diazotization method. First, the diazonium salt is prepared by the diazotization reaction of p-chloroaniline. Then the diazonium salt is treated with a fluorine-containing reagent, so that the diazoyl group is replaced by a fluorine atom, and then 4-fluorochlorobenzene is obtained. During diazotization, sodium nitrite and inorganic acid are often used to prepare nitrous acid, which reacts with p-chloroaniline to form a diazosalt. Then it is treated with fluoroboric acid or other fluorine-containing reagents, and the fluorination reaction is completed by heating and other steps. This process requires careful management of diazonium salts, because of its active nature, easy to explode, and the reaction conditions of each step need to be carefully regulated.
Third, the direct fluorination method. With a specific fluorination The fluorinated reagents used, such as Selectfluor, have high selectivity and mild reaction conditions. Reacted in an organic solvent, under the action of a catalyst, the fluorinated reagent fluorinates at a specific position on the chlorobenzene-benzene ring to obtain 4-fluorochlorobenzene. This approach requires in-depth study of the catalyst and reaction conditions to achieve optimal regional selectivity and yield.
Preparation of 4-fluorochlorobenzene, each method has its own length and length. According to the availability of raw materials, cost, yield and purity, the optimal method should be selected to achieve efficient, economical and environmentally friendly preparation.
4-fluorochlorobenzene what are the precautions during storage and transportation?
4-Fluorochlorobenzene is also an organic compound. During storage and transportation, many matters cannot be ignored.
First of all, storage, this substance needs to be placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Because of its certain volatility and chemical activity, high temperature or volatilization intensifies, and even causes chemical reactions, endangering safety. The temperature of the warehouse should be controlled within a specific range to prevent the temperature from being too high. And keep away from fire and heat sources. Open flames and hot topics can cause it to burn or explode, which is dangerous.
Furthermore, it should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, bases, etc., and must not be mixed. This is because 4-fluorochlorobenzene and other such substances are prone to chemical reactions, or cause fires, explosions and other disasters. The storage place also needs to be equipped with suitable materials to contain the leakage, in case of leakage, it can be dealt with in time, so as not to spread and cause greater harm.
As for transportation, the transportation vehicle must ensure that the vehicle is in good condition and has corresponding safety facilities. During transportation, it is necessary to protect against sun exposure, rain exposure, and avoid high temperature and humid environment. Exposure to the sun can cause the temperature to rise, which can cause danger; rain exposure may cause the substance to react with water, which can also cause accidents. And when transporting, you need to follow the specified route and do not stop in densely populated areas or major traffic roads.
During loading and unloading, operators should handle light and beware of damage to packaging and containers. If the packaging is damaged, the leakage of 4-fluorochlorobenzene will not only pollute the environment, but also cause safety accidents. Therefore, the storage and transportation of 4-fluorochlorobenzene are all about safety and cannot be slack at all.
First of all, storage, this substance needs to be placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Because of its certain volatility and chemical activity, high temperature or volatilization intensifies, and even causes chemical reactions, endangering safety. The temperature of the warehouse should be controlled within a specific range to prevent the temperature from being too high. And keep away from fire and heat sources. Open flames and hot topics can cause it to burn or explode, which is dangerous.
Furthermore, it should be stored separately from oxidants, acids, bases, etc., and must not be mixed. This is because 4-fluorochlorobenzene and other such substances are prone to chemical reactions, or cause fires, explosions and other disasters. The storage place also needs to be equipped with suitable materials to contain the leakage, in case of leakage, it can be dealt with in time, so as not to spread and cause greater harm.
As for transportation, the transportation vehicle must ensure that the vehicle is in good condition and has corresponding safety facilities. During transportation, it is necessary to protect against sun exposure, rain exposure, and avoid high temperature and humid environment. Exposure to the sun can cause the temperature to rise, which can cause danger; rain exposure may cause the substance to react with water, which can also cause accidents. And when transporting, you need to follow the specified route and do not stop in densely populated areas or major traffic roads.
During loading and unloading, operators should handle light and beware of damage to packaging and containers. If the packaging is damaged, the leakage of 4-fluorochlorobenzene will not only pollute the environment, but also cause safety accidents. Therefore, the storage and transportation of 4-fluorochlorobenzene are all about safety and cannot be slack at all.
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