Linshang Chemical
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Bromochlorobenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
680494 |
| Chemical Formula | C6H4BrCl |
| Molar Mass | 191.45 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to light yellow liquid |
| Odor | Characteristic aromatic odor |
| Density | 1.616 g/cm³ |
| Boiling Point | 201 - 203 °C |
| Melting Point | -16 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in common organic solvents like ethanol, ether |
| Flash Point | 85 °C |
| Vapor Pressure | Low at room temperature |
| Packing | 100g of Bromochlorobenzene packaged in a tightly - sealed glass bottle. |
| Storage | Bromochlorobenzene should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area, away from heat sources and ignition points. Keep it in a tightly - sealed container to prevent leakage. Store it separately from oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases. Given its potential toxicity, ensure proper labeling and restricted access in a dedicated chemical storage facility. |
| Shipping | Bromochlorobenzene, a hazardous chemical, is shipped in tightly sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. It's transported by specialized carriers following strict safety regulations to prevent leakage and ensure safe transit. |
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What are the main uses of Bromochlorobenzene?
Bromochlorobenzene is one of the organic compounds. It has a wide range of uses and is important in various fields.
In the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, bromochlorobenzene is often a key intermediate. Pharmaceuticals often use it to synthesize a variety of drugs. Because of its unique chemical structure, it can be ingeniously reacted and added to drug molecules, giving drugs specific pharmacological activities and helping to treat diseases. For example, in the preparation of some antibacterial drugs, bromochlorobenzene may be used as a starting material, and after multiple steps of reaction, it eventually becomes a good drug with antibacterial effect.
In the field of materials science, bromochlorobenzene also plays an important role. When synthesizing polymer materials with special properties, it is often required as a raw material. It can participate in the polymerization reaction and introduce special groups into the polymer skeleton, thereby improving the properties of the material, such as improving the heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance of the material. For example, the preparation of high-performance polymer materials for electronic device packaging, bromochlorobenzene may be an indispensable component.
In the field of organic synthetic chemistry, bromochlorobenzene is a very commonly used reagent. Chemists can take advantage of the activity of bromine and chlorine atoms to carry out various substitution reactions, coupling reactions, etc. Through these reactions, complex and diverse organic molecules can be constructed, providing a rich material basis for the development of organic synthetic chemistry.
In addition, in agricultural chemistry, bromochlorobenzene can be properly converted or can be used to prepare some pesticides. Through rational design, it has the control effect on specific pests, helps agricultural production, and ensures the harvest of crops.
Overall, bromochlorobenzene has important uses in many fields such as medicine, materials, organic synthesis, and agriculture, and has made great contributions to the development of related industries.
In the field of pharmaceutical chemistry, bromochlorobenzene is often a key intermediate. Pharmaceuticals often use it to synthesize a variety of drugs. Because of its unique chemical structure, it can be ingeniously reacted and added to drug molecules, giving drugs specific pharmacological activities and helping to treat diseases. For example, in the preparation of some antibacterial drugs, bromochlorobenzene may be used as a starting material, and after multiple steps of reaction, it eventually becomes a good drug with antibacterial effect.
In the field of materials science, bromochlorobenzene also plays an important role. When synthesizing polymer materials with special properties, it is often required as a raw material. It can participate in the polymerization reaction and introduce special groups into the polymer skeleton, thereby improving the properties of the material, such as improving the heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance of the material. For example, the preparation of high-performance polymer materials for electronic device packaging, bromochlorobenzene may be an indispensable component.
In the field of organic synthetic chemistry, bromochlorobenzene is a very commonly used reagent. Chemists can take advantage of the activity of bromine and chlorine atoms to carry out various substitution reactions, coupling reactions, etc. Through these reactions, complex and diverse organic molecules can be constructed, providing a rich material basis for the development of organic synthetic chemistry.
In addition, in agricultural chemistry, bromochlorobenzene can be properly converted or can be used to prepare some pesticides. Through rational design, it has the control effect on specific pests, helps agricultural production, and ensures the harvest of crops.
Overall, bromochlorobenzene has important uses in many fields such as medicine, materials, organic synthesis, and agriculture, and has made great contributions to the development of related industries.
What are the physical properties of Bromochlorobenzene?
Bromochlorobenzene is an organic compound. Its physical properties are quite characteristic, and this is Jun Chenzhi.
Looking at its form, under room temperature and pressure, bromochlorobenzene is mostly colorless to light yellow liquid, pure and clear, like the crystal of autumn dew. Its taste has a special aroma, but there is also a hidden irritation in this aroma, and you must be cautious when smelling.
When it comes to the melting point, the melting point of bromochlorobenzene is low, about -20 ° C, so it can still maintain a liquid state in a normal low temperature environment. Its boiling point is relatively high, roughly between 195 ° C and 211 ° C. This characteristic makes it need a higher temperature to convert into a gaseous state when heated and evaporated.
As for the density, bromochlorobenzene has a higher density than water. When placed in water, such as a stone sinking into the abyss, it will sink to the bottom of the water. It shows good solubility in organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether and other common organic solvents, which can be miscible with it, just like water is emulsion, not mutually exclusive.
The volatility of bromochlorobenzene cannot be ignored. Although its volatility is not extremely strong, it will evaporate slowly when left in an exposed environment for a long time. And its vapor is heavier than air and easy to accumulate in low places, which is what should be paid attention to when using and storing.
In addition, bromochlorobenzene has a stable refractive index and may have its uses in the field of optics. Its conductivity is extremely low, almost insulator, and it shows a unique state in electrical properties.
In summary, the physical properties of bromochlorobenzene make it unique in many fields. However, due to its certain irritation and volatility, protection and proper disposal are indispensable when using it.
Looking at its form, under room temperature and pressure, bromochlorobenzene is mostly colorless to light yellow liquid, pure and clear, like the crystal of autumn dew. Its taste has a special aroma, but there is also a hidden irritation in this aroma, and you must be cautious when smelling.
When it comes to the melting point, the melting point of bromochlorobenzene is low, about -20 ° C, so it can still maintain a liquid state in a normal low temperature environment. Its boiling point is relatively high, roughly between 195 ° C and 211 ° C. This characteristic makes it need a higher temperature to convert into a gaseous state when heated and evaporated.
As for the density, bromochlorobenzene has a higher density than water. When placed in water, such as a stone sinking into the abyss, it will sink to the bottom of the water. It shows good solubility in organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether and other common organic solvents, which can be miscible with it, just like water is emulsion, not mutually exclusive.
The volatility of bromochlorobenzene cannot be ignored. Although its volatility is not extremely strong, it will evaporate slowly when left in an exposed environment for a long time. And its vapor is heavier than air and easy to accumulate in low places, which is what should be paid attention to when using and storing.
In addition, bromochlorobenzene has a stable refractive index and may have its uses in the field of optics. Its conductivity is extremely low, almost insulator, and it shows a unique state in electrical properties.
In summary, the physical properties of bromochlorobenzene make it unique in many fields. However, due to its certain irritation and volatility, protection and proper disposal are indispensable when using it.
What are the chemical properties of Bromochlorobenzene?
Bromochlorobenzene is an organic compound, and its molecules contain bromine, chlorine and benzene rings. The chemical properties of this substance are determined by the atoms and functional groups in its structure.
The benzene ring has a conjugated system, which shows special stability and electron cloud distribution. Bromine and chlorine atoms are connected to the benzene ring, which has a great influence on its chemical properties.
As far as electrophilic substitution reactions are concerned, bromine and chlorine are ortho-para-position groups. The edge of it has lone pairs of electrons, which can be conjugated with the benzene ring, resulting in a slight increase in the density of the ortho-and para-position electron clouds. Therefore, electrophilic reagents tend to attack the ortho-and para-position However, the electronegativity of bromine and chlorine is greater than that of carbon, and it has an electron-absorbing induction effect, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, which is slightly less active than that of benzene itself.
Bromochlorobenzene can also participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions. Under appropriate conditions, bromine and chlorine atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic reagents. For example, under conditions such as strong bases and high temperatures, halogen atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic groups such as hydroxyl and amino groups.
In addition, bromochlorobenzene can undergo reduction reactions. If treated with appropriate reducing agents, bromine and chlorine atoms can be removed by reduction to obtain corresponding benzene derivatives.
And because it contains halogen atoms, it degrades in the environment or has a special way. Some microorganisms may use it as a carbon source and energy source, and gradually convert and decompose this compound through complex metabolic processes.
The benzene ring has a conjugated system, which shows special stability and electron cloud distribution. Bromine and chlorine atoms are connected to the benzene ring, which has a great influence on its chemical properties.
As far as electrophilic substitution reactions are concerned, bromine and chlorine are ortho-para-position groups. The edge of it has lone pairs of electrons, which can be conjugated with the benzene ring, resulting in a slight increase in the density of the ortho-and para-position electron clouds. Therefore, electrophilic reagents tend to attack the ortho-and para-position However, the electronegativity of bromine and chlorine is greater than that of carbon, and it has an electron-absorbing induction effect, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, which is slightly less active than that of benzene itself.
Bromochlorobenzene can also participate in nucleophilic substitution reactions. Under appropriate conditions, bromine and chlorine atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic reagents. For example, under conditions such as strong bases and high temperatures, halogen atoms can be replaced by nucleophilic groups such as hydroxyl and amino groups.
In addition, bromochlorobenzene can undergo reduction reactions. If treated with appropriate reducing agents, bromine and chlorine atoms can be removed by reduction to obtain corresponding benzene derivatives.
And because it contains halogen atoms, it degrades in the environment or has a special way. Some microorganisms may use it as a carbon source and energy source, and gradually convert and decompose this compound through complex metabolic processes.
What are the synthesis methods of Bromochlorobenzene?
There are several ways to make bromochlorobenzene. One is to use benzene as the base and perform halogenation first. To obtain bromochlorobenzene, benzene can react with bromine and chlorine in a specific order and conditions.
First, benzene and bromine are substituted with the help of catalysts such as iron tribromide. In this reaction, bromine atoms replace hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring to obtain bromobenzene. The reaction is as follows:
benzene + bromine $\ stackrel {FeBr_ {3}} {→} $bromobenzene + hydrogen bromide
Then, the resulting bromobenzene is reacted with chlorine. This reaction also requires catalysts, such as ferric chloride. The chlorine atom can replace the hydrogen atom on the bromobenzene ring to obtain bromochlorobenzene. The reaction formula is:
bromobenzene + chlorine $\ stackrel {FeCl_ {3}} {→} $bromochlorobenzene + hydrogen chloride
Another method can make benzene react with chlorine to obtain chlorobenzene. Chlorobenzene reacts with bromine under the action of a catalyst to obtain bromochlorobenzene. The first step is:
benzene + chlorine $\ stackrel {FeCl_ {3}} {→} $chlorobenzene + hydrogen chloride
The second step is:
chlorobenzene + bromine $\ stackrel {FeBr_ {3}} {→} $bromochlorobenzene + hydrogen bromide
The reaction conditions, such as temperature, reactant ratio, catalyst dosage, etc., all have a significant impact on the yield and purity of the product. Properly controlled, bromochlorobenzene with higher yield and purity can be obtained.
First, benzene and bromine are substituted with the help of catalysts such as iron tribromide. In this reaction, bromine atoms replace hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring to obtain bromobenzene. The reaction is as follows:
benzene + bromine $\ stackrel {FeBr_ {3}} {→} $bromobenzene + hydrogen bromide
Then, the resulting bromobenzene is reacted with chlorine. This reaction also requires catalysts, such as ferric chloride. The chlorine atom can replace the hydrogen atom on the bromobenzene ring to obtain bromochlorobenzene. The reaction formula is:
bromobenzene + chlorine $\ stackrel {FeCl_ {3}} {→} $bromochlorobenzene + hydrogen chloride
Another method can make benzene react with chlorine to obtain chlorobenzene. Chlorobenzene reacts with bromine under the action of a catalyst to obtain bromochlorobenzene. The first step is:
benzene + chlorine $\ stackrel {FeCl_ {3}} {→} $chlorobenzene + hydrogen chloride
The second step is:
chlorobenzene + bromine $\ stackrel {FeBr_ {3}} {→} $bromochlorobenzene + hydrogen bromide
The reaction conditions, such as temperature, reactant ratio, catalyst dosage, etc., all have a significant impact on the yield and purity of the product. Properly controlled, bromochlorobenzene with higher yield and purity can be obtained.
What are the precautions for using Bromochlorobenzene?
Bromochlorobenzene, in the process of use, all kinds of precautions must not be ignored.
The first to bear the brunt is related to safety protection. Bromochlorobenzene has certain toxicity and irritation, and it may hurt the skin and mucous membranes when it is touched. Therefore, when handling, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of protection. Wear protective clothing, which is a barrier to protect the whole body; wear protective gloves to prevent the skin from touching it; cover the face with a protective mask to protect the facial features from damage. In this way, you can avoid the body from being harmed by it.
The second rule is related to storage. Bromochlorobenzene should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Avoid direct sunlight, hot sunlight, or cause its properties to change, causing accidents. Keep away from fire and heat sources, both of which are the beginning of the disaster. Bromochlorobenzene will catch fire, cause combustion, and even explode, endangering life and property.
Furthermore, it is related to the operating specifications. Operating in a fume hood can quickly discharge exhaust gas and reduce the concentration of harmful gases in the room to ensure the health of the operator. When operating, the action should be steady and careful to prevent the container from tipping over and causing leakage of bromochlorobenzene. If it is unfortunate to leak, it should be done according to the established law. Small leaks can be adsorbed by inert materials such as sand and vermiculite; large leaks need to be blocked by embankments, and then recycled and disposed of by professional means.
Repeat, it is related to waste disposal. Bromochlorobenzene should not be discarded at will, and must comply with environmental protection regulations Submit it to a professional disposal agency, and in accordance with its laws, carry out harmless treatment, free from pollution to the environment, and harm to nature.
All of these are the key points to pay attention to when using bromochlorobenzene. Practitioners should keep it in mind and act carefully to ensure safety and protect the environment.
The first to bear the brunt is related to safety protection. Bromochlorobenzene has certain toxicity and irritation, and it may hurt the skin and mucous membranes when it is touched. Therefore, when handling, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of protection. Wear protective clothing, which is a barrier to protect the whole body; wear protective gloves to prevent the skin from touching it; cover the face with a protective mask to protect the facial features from damage. In this way, you can avoid the body from being harmed by it.
The second rule is related to storage. Bromochlorobenzene should be placed in a cool, dry and well-ventilated place. Avoid direct sunlight, hot sunlight, or cause its properties to change, causing accidents. Keep away from fire and heat sources, both of which are the beginning of the disaster. Bromochlorobenzene will catch fire, cause combustion, and even explode, endangering life and property.
Furthermore, it is related to the operating specifications. Operating in a fume hood can quickly discharge exhaust gas and reduce the concentration of harmful gases in the room to ensure the health of the operator. When operating, the action should be steady and careful to prevent the container from tipping over and causing leakage of bromochlorobenzene. If it is unfortunate to leak, it should be done according to the established law. Small leaks can be adsorbed by inert materials such as sand and vermiculite; large leaks need to be blocked by embankments, and then recycled and disposed of by professional means.
Repeat, it is related to waste disposal. Bromochlorobenzene should not be discarded at will, and must comply with environmental protection regulations Submit it to a professional disposal agency, and in accordance with its laws, carry out harmless treatment, free from pollution to the environment, and harm to nature.
All of these are the key points to pay attention to when using bromochlorobenzene. Practitioners should keep it in mind and act carefully to ensure safety and protect the environment.
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