Linshang Chemical
PRODUCTS
O-Chloronitrobenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
577312 |
| Chemical Formula | C6H4ClNO2 |
| Molar Mass | 157.55 g/mol |
| Appearance | Yellowish - brown solid |
| Odor | Pungent |
| Density | 1.368 g/cm³ (at 20°C) |
| Melting Point | 32 - 34°C |
| Boiling Point | 245.5°C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Solubility In Organic Solvents | Soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene |
| Vapor Pressure | 0.133 kPa (44.4°C) |
| Flash Point | 110°C |
As an accredited O-Chloronitrobenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 25 - kg drum packaging for O - chloronitrobenzene chemical. |
| Storage | O - chloronitrobenzene should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated warehouse. Keep it away from fire and heat sources. Store it separately from oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and alkalis to prevent reactions. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain spills in case of leakage. Ensure proper labeling for easy identification and safety handling. |
| Shipping | O - chloronitrobenzene is a hazardous chemical. It should be shipped in accordance with strict regulations. Use appropriate packaging to prevent leakage. Ensure proper labeling and documentation for safe transportation. |
Competitive O-Chloronitrobenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
For samples, pricing, or more information, please call us at +8615365006308 or mail to info@alchemist-chem.com.
We will respond to you as soon as possible.
Tel: +8615365006308
Email: info@alchemist-chem.com
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As a leading O-Chloronitrobenzene supplier, we deliver high-quality products across diverse grades to meet evolving needs, empowering global customers with safe, efficient, and compliant chemical solutions.
What are the physical properties of O-chloronitrobenzene?
O-chloronitrobenzene is one of the organic compounds. It has unique physical properties and is described as follows:
- ** Appearance and Properties **: Under normal conditions, this substance is a light yellow to yellow needle-like crystal, which is quite characteristic in appearance. Its crystal shape is regular, and its luster is also unique. Under light, it may have a subtle reflection state.
- ** Melting Point and Boiling Point **: The melting point is 32.5 ° C. At this temperature, the state of matter gradually changes from solid to liquid, just like meltwater of ice, and the shape changes subtly. The boiling point reaches 245.5 ° C. At this temperature, the liquid will turn into a gas state, which is its important physical property.
- ** Solubility **: It is extremely difficult to dissolve in water, just like oil and water, and the two are difficult to blend. However, in most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc., it can dissolve well. This property is like the dissolution of salt in water, showing different affinity between substances.
- ** Density **: The density is 1.572g/cm ³, which is more dense than the density of water. If it is placed in one place with water, it will sink underwater, like a stone falling into an abyss.
- ** Smell **: It emits a special smell. This smell is pungent and unique. If people smell it, it is easy to detect. It is like a pungent fragrance and is deeply impressed.
- ** Volatility **: Although it is not highly volatile, it will slowly dissipate in the air under appropriate conditions, just like the gradual overflow of flowers, but its taste is not pleasant.
- ** Appearance and Properties **: Under normal conditions, this substance is a light yellow to yellow needle-like crystal, which is quite characteristic in appearance. Its crystal shape is regular, and its luster is also unique. Under light, it may have a subtle reflection state.
- ** Melting Point and Boiling Point **: The melting point is 32.5 ° C. At this temperature, the state of matter gradually changes from solid to liquid, just like meltwater of ice, and the shape changes subtly. The boiling point reaches 245.5 ° C. At this temperature, the liquid will turn into a gas state, which is its important physical property.
- ** Solubility **: It is extremely difficult to dissolve in water, just like oil and water, and the two are difficult to blend. However, in most organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc., it can dissolve well. This property is like the dissolution of salt in water, showing different affinity between substances.
- ** Density **: The density is 1.572g/cm ³, which is more dense than the density of water. If it is placed in one place with water, it will sink underwater, like a stone falling into an abyss.
- ** Smell **: It emits a special smell. This smell is pungent and unique. If people smell it, it is easy to detect. It is like a pungent fragrance and is deeply impressed.
- ** Volatility **: Although it is not highly volatile, it will slowly dissipate in the air under appropriate conditions, just like the gradual overflow of flowers, but its taste is not pleasant.
What are the chemical properties of O-chloronitrobenzene?
O-chloronitrobenzene is also an organic compound. It is active and has many chemical characteristics.
In this substance, the chlorine atom and the nitro group co-attach to the benzene ring. The nitro group has strong electron absorption, which causes the electron cloud density of the benzene ring to decrease, and the electrophilic substitution activity of the benzene ring to decrease. However, the chlorine atom in its adjacent position has a unique performance in specific reactions due to space and electronic effects.
In terms of nucleophilic substitution reactions, the electron-absorbing action of the nitro group greatly increases the activity of the chlorine atom in the adjacent position of the benzene ring. When encountering nucleophilic reagents, such as hydroxyl negative ions (OH), substitution can occur, and the hydroxyl group replaces the chlorine atom to form o-nitrophenol. This is because the
During the reduction reaction, the nitro group can be reduced. Using iron and hydrochloric acid as reducing agents, the nitro group can be gradually reduced to an amino group to obtain o-chloroaniline. In this reaction, iron and hydrochloric acid react to generate new hydrogen, which reduces the nitro group.
Because of its chlorine and nitro group, it has certain toxicity and stability. It is difficult to degrade in the environment and has potential harm to organisms. In the field of organic synthesis, O-chloronitrobenzene is an important intermediate, which can be used to construct complex organic molecules through various reactions and is widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes and other industries.
In this substance, the chlorine atom and the nitro group co-attach to the benzene ring. The nitro group has strong electron absorption, which causes the electron cloud density of the benzene ring to decrease, and the electrophilic substitution activity of the benzene ring to decrease. However, the chlorine atom in its adjacent position has a unique performance in specific reactions due to space and electronic effects.
In terms of nucleophilic substitution reactions, the electron-absorbing action of the nitro group greatly increases the activity of the chlorine atom in the adjacent position of the benzene ring. When encountering nucleophilic reagents, such as hydroxyl negative ions (OH), substitution can occur, and the hydroxyl group replaces the chlorine atom to form o-nitrophenol. This is because the
During the reduction reaction, the nitro group can be reduced. Using iron and hydrochloric acid as reducing agents, the nitro group can be gradually reduced to an amino group to obtain o-chloroaniline. In this reaction, iron and hydrochloric acid react to generate new hydrogen, which reduces the nitro group.
Because of its chlorine and nitro group, it has certain toxicity and stability. It is difficult to degrade in the environment and has potential harm to organisms. In the field of organic synthesis, O-chloronitrobenzene is an important intermediate, which can be used to construct complex organic molecules through various reactions and is widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes and other industries.
What are the main uses of O-chloronitrobenzene?
O-chloronitrobenzene is also an organic compound. Its main use is wide, try it for you.
In the preparation of pesticides, its power is great. Cover can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of many pesticides. In terms of insecticidal pesticides, the compounds derived from it can effectively eliminate field pests and protect the flourishing of crops. Because pests eat crops and cause damage to harvests, pesticides based on this can prevent the ravages of pests and ensure the abundance of agricultural products.
In the field of medicine, it is also indispensable. It is a key intermediate for the synthesis of specific drugs. The synthesis path of many drugs depends on O-chloronitrobenzene. After a series of delicate chemical reactions, it is converted into therapeutic drug ingredients to heal diseases and benefit the well-being of the world.
In the dye industry, O-chloronitrobenzene is also very useful. It is an important raw material for the synthesis of colorful dyes. Dyes are used in the textile and other industries to make fabrics colorful and satisfy the world's pursuit of beauty. The dyes they participate in the synthesis have good color fastness and bright color. They can withstand the test of time and washing without losing their beauty.
In addition, in the rubber additives, fragrances and other industries, they are also used as raw materials or as additives, which have the effect of promoting the development of various industries. In the network of the chemical industry, such as key nodes, it affects the whole body and contributes greatly to the prosperity of various industries.
In the preparation of pesticides, its power is great. Cover can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of many pesticides. In terms of insecticidal pesticides, the compounds derived from it can effectively eliminate field pests and protect the flourishing of crops. Because pests eat crops and cause damage to harvests, pesticides based on this can prevent the ravages of pests and ensure the abundance of agricultural products.
In the field of medicine, it is also indispensable. It is a key intermediate for the synthesis of specific drugs. The synthesis path of many drugs depends on O-chloronitrobenzene. After a series of delicate chemical reactions, it is converted into therapeutic drug ingredients to heal diseases and benefit the well-being of the world.
In the dye industry, O-chloronitrobenzene is also very useful. It is an important raw material for the synthesis of colorful dyes. Dyes are used in the textile and other industries to make fabrics colorful and satisfy the world's pursuit of beauty. The dyes they participate in the synthesis have good color fastness and bright color. They can withstand the test of time and washing without losing their beauty.
In addition, in the rubber additives, fragrances and other industries, they are also used as raw materials or as additives, which have the effect of promoting the development of various industries. In the network of the chemical industry, such as key nodes, it affects the whole body and contributes greatly to the prosperity of various industries.
What are the preparation methods of O-chloronitrobenzene?
There are generally two ways to make o-chloronitrobenzene. One is the direct nitration method, and the other is the indirect synthesis method.
First, the direct nitration method. This is a method of making o-chloronitrobenzene by nitration reaction with chlorobenzene as raw material. During the reaction, chlorobenzene and mixed acid (a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid) are co-placed in the reactor. Sulfuric acid has strong water absorption, which can promote the decomposition of nitric acid to produce nitroyl positive ions (NO 2), which is the active intermediate of nitrification reaction. The benzene ring of chlorobenzene is electron-rich, and the positive ion of nitroyl attacks the benzene ring, and through electrophilic substitution reaction, a mixture of o-chloronitrobenzene and p-chloronitrobenzene is formed. Because the chlorine atom is the o- After the reaction is completed, pure o-chloronitrobenzene can be obtained by separation and purification techniques, such as distillation, extraction, crystallization, etc. This method is relatively simple and the raw material is easy to obtain. However, the product is a mixture, and fine separation is required to obtain high-purity o-chloronitrobenzene.
Let's talk about the indirect synthesis method. A common route here is to use benzene as the starting material and sulfonate to obtain benzene sulfonic acid. Benzene is co-heated with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen on the benzene ring is replaced by a sulfonic acid group (-SO 🥰 H). Then, benzene sulfonic acid is nitrified. Because the sulfonic acid group is the meta-site group, the nitro group mainly enters the meta-site to obtain m- Then the sulfonic acid group can be replaced with chlorine atom to obtain m-chloronitrobenzene by substitution reaction of m-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid with chlorine. Finally, m-chloronitrobenzene can be converted into o-chloronitrobenzene through rearrangement reaction. Although there are many steps in this indirect synthesis method, high purity o-chloronitrobenzene can be obtained, and the drawbacks of complex and difficult separation of products in direct nitrification method can be avoided.
In conclusion, these two methods have advantages and disadvantages. In actual preparation, the appropriate method needs to be selected according to specific needs, costs, yields and other factors.
First, the direct nitration method. This is a method of making o-chloronitrobenzene by nitration reaction with chlorobenzene as raw material. During the reaction, chlorobenzene and mixed acid (a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid) are co-placed in the reactor. Sulfuric acid has strong water absorption, which can promote the decomposition of nitric acid to produce nitroyl positive ions (NO 2), which is the active intermediate of nitrification reaction. The benzene ring of chlorobenzene is electron-rich, and the positive ion of nitroyl attacks the benzene ring, and through electrophilic substitution reaction, a mixture of o-chloronitrobenzene and p-chloronitrobenzene is formed. Because the chlorine atom is the o- After the reaction is completed, pure o-chloronitrobenzene can be obtained by separation and purification techniques, such as distillation, extraction, crystallization, etc. This method is relatively simple and the raw material is easy to obtain. However, the product is a mixture, and fine separation is required to obtain high-purity o-chloronitrobenzene.
Let's talk about the indirect synthesis method. A common route here is to use benzene as the starting material and sulfonate to obtain benzene sulfonic acid. Benzene is co-heated with concentrated sulfuric acid, and the hydrogen on the benzene ring is replaced by a sulfonic acid group (-SO 🥰 H). Then, benzene sulfonic acid is nitrified. Because the sulfonic acid group is the meta-site group, the nitro group mainly enters the meta-site to obtain m- Then the sulfonic acid group can be replaced with chlorine atom to obtain m-chloronitrobenzene by substitution reaction of m-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid with chlorine. Finally, m-chloronitrobenzene can be converted into o-chloronitrobenzene through rearrangement reaction. Although there are many steps in this indirect synthesis method, high purity o-chloronitrobenzene can be obtained, and the drawbacks of complex and difficult separation of products in direct nitrification method can be avoided.
In conclusion, these two methods have advantages and disadvantages. In actual preparation, the appropriate method needs to be selected according to specific needs, costs, yields and other factors.
What are the precautions in storage and transportation of O-chloronitrobenzene?
O-chloronitrobenzene is an organic compound. During storage and transportation, many matters must be observed.
First, the storage place must be cool and ventilated. This is because O-chloronitrobenzene is easy to decompose when heated. If it is placed in a high temperature place, it may be dangerous. As "Tiangong Kaiwu" said, "everything has its own nature, and it is safe to follow its nature." This material likes cool and evil heat, so it is necessary to choose a cool and ventilated place to ensure its safety. And the warehouse should be kept away from fire and heat sources, and all fire-inducing objects, such as open flames and static electricity, should be prohibited to avoid fire or explosion.
Second, the storage container must be well sealed. O-chloronitrobenzene is volatile and toxic. If the container is not properly sealed, its gas will escape, which is harmful to human health and the environment. It should be stored in a sturdy and sealed container, such as porcelain jars, iron cans, etc., to prevent leakage.
Third, when transporting, it should be carried out in accordance with the regulations of dangerous chemicals. The transport vehicle must have obvious warning signs to inform others of the danger of this thing. The escort must be familiar with its characteristics and emergency measures. And during transportation, it should not be mixed with oxidants, edible chemicals, etc., to prevent violent chemical reactions.
Fourth, whether it is storage or transportation, it should have complete records. Record its quantity, warehousing time, transportation route and other information for traceability and management. Such as the ancient bookkeeping, detailed records of things can be orderly and prevent problems before they occur. In this way, the storage and transportation of O-chloronitrobenzene can be kept safe.
First, the storage place must be cool and ventilated. This is because O-chloronitrobenzene is easy to decompose when heated. If it is placed in a high temperature place, it may be dangerous. As "Tiangong Kaiwu" said, "everything has its own nature, and it is safe to follow its nature." This material likes cool and evil heat, so it is necessary to choose a cool and ventilated place to ensure its safety. And the warehouse should be kept away from fire and heat sources, and all fire-inducing objects, such as open flames and static electricity, should be prohibited to avoid fire or explosion.
Second, the storage container must be well sealed. O-chloronitrobenzene is volatile and toxic. If the container is not properly sealed, its gas will escape, which is harmful to human health and the environment. It should be stored in a sturdy and sealed container, such as porcelain jars, iron cans, etc., to prevent leakage.
Third, when transporting, it should be carried out in accordance with the regulations of dangerous chemicals. The transport vehicle must have obvious warning signs to inform others of the danger of this thing. The escort must be familiar with its characteristics and emergency measures. And during transportation, it should not be mixed with oxidants, edible chemicals, etc., to prevent violent chemical reactions.
Fourth, whether it is storage or transportation, it should have complete records. Record its quantity, warehousing time, transportation route and other information for traceability and management. Such as the ancient bookkeeping, detailed records of things can be orderly and prevent problems before they occur. In this way, the storage and transportation of O-chloronitrobenzene can be kept safe.
What are the physical properties of O-chloronitrobenzene?
O-chloronitrobenzene is also an organic compound. Its physical properties are worthy of detailed investigation.
Looking at its shape, at room temperature, it is a light yellow to yellow needle-like crystal, like a delicate needle, delicate and unique. Its pungent taste, smell can feel a strong pungent smell, warning everyone that it is dangerous.
When it comes to the melting point, the melting point is about 32.5 ° C, just like something that quietly melts under the warm sun in spring. The boiling point is 245.5 ° C, and a higher temperature is required to make it boil and turn into a gaseous state.
Its density is also fixed, about 1.572g/cm ³, which is heavier than water, so when placed in water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. In terms of solubility, it is extremely difficult to dissolve in water, as if it is incompatible with water. However, in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene, it can dissolve well, just like a wanderer into a suitable environment.
In addition, O-chloronitrobenzene is volatile. Although the volatilization rate is not very fast, it can slowly escape into the air under certain circumstances. And its vapor is heavier than air and accumulates in low places. This physical property needs to be treated with caution when storing and using it to prevent endangering personal and environmental safety.
Looking at its shape, at room temperature, it is a light yellow to yellow needle-like crystal, like a delicate needle, delicate and unique. Its pungent taste, smell can feel a strong pungent smell, warning everyone that it is dangerous.
When it comes to the melting point, the melting point is about 32.5 ° C, just like something that quietly melts under the warm sun in spring. The boiling point is 245.5 ° C, and a higher temperature is required to make it boil and turn into a gaseous state.
Its density is also fixed, about 1.572g/cm ³, which is heavier than water, so when placed in water, it will sink to the bottom of the water. In terms of solubility, it is extremely difficult to dissolve in water, as if it is incompatible with water. However, in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene, it can dissolve well, just like a wanderer into a suitable environment.
In addition, O-chloronitrobenzene is volatile. Although the volatilization rate is not very fast, it can slowly escape into the air under certain circumstances. And its vapor is heavier than air and accumulates in low places. This physical property needs to be treated with caution when storing and using it to prevent endangering personal and environmental safety.
What are the chemical properties of O-chloronitrobenzene?
O-chloronitrobenzene is also an organic compound. It has unique chemical properties, let me tell you in detail.
First of all, it has a certain stability. The structure of the benzene ring gives it a relatively stable framework, but the presence of chlorine atoms and nitro groups changes its activity. Nitro is a strong electron-absorbing group, and although chlorine atoms are weak electron-absorbing groups, the effect of the two makes the electron cloud density of the benzene ring lower, making its electrophilic substitution reaction more difficult than benzene.
In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, O-chloronitrobenzene is quite active. The strong electron-absorbing effect of the nitro group reduces the electron cloud density of carbon atoms connected to the chlorine atom, making it more vulnerable to attack by nucleophiles. Nucleophiles such as hydroxide ions, amines, etc., can replace chlorine atoms to form corresponding phenols or amine compounds.
Furthermore, it can participate in the reduction reaction. Nitro groups can be gradually reduced to obtain nitroso groups first, and then further reduced to amino groups. This process is often an important way to introduce amino groups in organic synthesis.
O-chloronitrobenzene in chemical reactions, due to the synergistic effect of benzene ring, chlorine atom and nitro group, exhibits chemical properties that are both stable and can participate in a variety of reactions, and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis.
First of all, it has a certain stability. The structure of the benzene ring gives it a relatively stable framework, but the presence of chlorine atoms and nitro groups changes its activity. Nitro is a strong electron-absorbing group, and although chlorine atoms are weak electron-absorbing groups, the effect of the two makes the electron cloud density of the benzene ring lower, making its electrophilic substitution reaction more difficult than benzene.
In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, O-chloronitrobenzene is quite active. The strong electron-absorbing effect of the nitro group reduces the electron cloud density of carbon atoms connected to the chlorine atom, making it more vulnerable to attack by nucleophiles. Nucleophiles such as hydroxide ions, amines, etc., can replace chlorine atoms to form corresponding phenols or amine compounds.
Furthermore, it can participate in the reduction reaction. Nitro groups can be gradually reduced to obtain nitroso groups first, and then further reduced to amino groups. This process is often an important way to introduce amino groups in organic synthesis.
O-chloronitrobenzene in chemical reactions, due to the synergistic effect of benzene ring, chlorine atom and nitro group, exhibits chemical properties that are both stable and can participate in a variety of reactions, and is widely used in the field of organic synthesis.
What are the main uses of O-chloronitrobenzene?
O-chloronitrobenzene is o-chloronitrobenzene, and its main uses are quite extensive.
O-chloronitrobenzene is a key raw material in the dye industry. Through many chemical reactions, many dyes with brilliant colors and excellent performance can be derived. Due to the special chemical structure of o-chloronitrobenzene, it can endow dyes with excellent light resistance, washing resistance and other characteristics, making the dye lasting and bright.
In the field of medicine, it also has an indispensable position. A variety of drug intermediates can be prepared through complex synthesis paths. These intermediates can be further reacted and transformed to become drugs for the treatment of various diseases and protect human health.
Furthermore, in the manufacture of pesticides, o-chloronitrobenzene is also an important part. Pesticides made from it as a basic raw material have an efficient pest control effect, can effectively protect crops from pest infestation, and improve crop yield and quality.
In addition, in the production of some fine chemical products, o-chloronitrobenzene also plays an important role. It can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of specific additives, additives and other fine chemicals to meet the needs of different industrial fields for special performance chemicals. In short, o-chloronitrobenzene occupies an important position in many industrial fields due to its unique chemical properties, which is of great significance for promoting industrial development.
O-chloronitrobenzene is a key raw material in the dye industry. Through many chemical reactions, many dyes with brilliant colors and excellent performance can be derived. Due to the special chemical structure of o-chloronitrobenzene, it can endow dyes with excellent light resistance, washing resistance and other characteristics, making the dye lasting and bright.
In the field of medicine, it also has an indispensable position. A variety of drug intermediates can be prepared through complex synthesis paths. These intermediates can be further reacted and transformed to become drugs for the treatment of various diseases and protect human health.
Furthermore, in the manufacture of pesticides, o-chloronitrobenzene is also an important part. Pesticides made from it as a basic raw material have an efficient pest control effect, can effectively protect crops from pest infestation, and improve crop yield and quality.
In addition, in the production of some fine chemical products, o-chloronitrobenzene also plays an important role. It can be used as a starting material for the synthesis of specific additives, additives and other fine chemicals to meet the needs of different industrial fields for special performance chemicals. In short, o-chloronitrobenzene occupies an important position in many industrial fields due to its unique chemical properties, which is of great significance for promoting industrial development.
What is O-chloronitrobenzene production method?
The method of making o-chloronitrobenzene has been used in ancient times. The common ones have two ways.
One is the direct nitrification method. First take chlorobenzene as the base material, which is the starting material of the reaction. In an appropriate reaction vessel, add an appropriate amount of mixed acid, that is, sulfuric acid and nitric acid are mixed in a certain proportion. Sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst in the middle to promote nitric acid to produce nitroyl positive ions, which is the key active species of nitrification reaction. During the reaction, the temperature, the proportion of mixed acid and the reaction time must be strictly controlled. If the temperature is too high, side reactions will occur frequently and the product will be impure; if the temperature is too low, the reaction will be slow and the efficiency will be poor. Generally, the temperature is controlled in the low temperature range, such as 0 Through this reaction, on the benzene ring of chlorobenzene, the hydrogen atom in the ortho-position of the chlorine atom is replaced by the nitro group, and then the o-chloronitrobenzene is obtained. However, in this process, by-products such as p-chloronitrobenzene will also be formed, and subsequent separation and purification processes are required to improve the purity of o-chloronitrobenzene. The main product and by-products can be separated according to their physical properties by distillation, crystallization, etc.
The second is an indirect synthesis method. First, benzene is used as a raw material and chlorinated to obtain chlorobenzene. Under suitable reaction conditions, if iron filings or ferric chloride is used as a catalyst, chlorine gas is introduced, and benzene and chlorine are substituted to form chlorobenzene. Subsequently, chlorobenzene is nitrified, and the process is similar to the nitri The advantage of this indirect method is that the chlorination reaction product chlorobenzene can be separated and purified first, so that the purity of the chlorobenzene participating in the nitration reaction is higher, and the occurrence of side reactions is reduced to a certain extent, thereby improving the yield and purity of o-chloronitrobenzene. However, this process involves more steps, the process is relatively complicated, and the production cost also increases.
One is the direct nitrification method. First take chlorobenzene as the base material, which is the starting material of the reaction. In an appropriate reaction vessel, add an appropriate amount of mixed acid, that is, sulfuric acid and nitric acid are mixed in a certain proportion. Sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst in the middle to promote nitric acid to produce nitroyl positive ions, which is the key active species of nitrification reaction. During the reaction, the temperature, the proportion of mixed acid and the reaction time must be strictly controlled. If the temperature is too high, side reactions will occur frequently and the product will be impure; if the temperature is too low, the reaction will be slow and the efficiency will be poor. Generally, the temperature is controlled in the low temperature range, such as 0 Through this reaction, on the benzene ring of chlorobenzene, the hydrogen atom in the ortho-position of the chlorine atom is replaced by the nitro group, and then the o-chloronitrobenzene is obtained. However, in this process, by-products such as p-chloronitrobenzene will also be formed, and subsequent separation and purification processes are required to improve the purity of o-chloronitrobenzene. The main product and by-products can be separated according to their physical properties by distillation, crystallization, etc.
The second is an indirect synthesis method. First, benzene is used as a raw material and chlorinated to obtain chlorobenzene. Under suitable reaction conditions, if iron filings or ferric chloride is used as a catalyst, chlorine gas is introduced, and benzene and chlorine are substituted to form chlorobenzene. Subsequently, chlorobenzene is nitrified, and the process is similar to the nitri The advantage of this indirect method is that the chlorination reaction product chlorobenzene can be separated and purified first, so that the purity of the chlorobenzene participating in the nitration reaction is higher, and the occurrence of side reactions is reduced to a certain extent, thereby improving the yield and purity of o-chloronitrobenzene. However, this process involves more steps, the process is relatively complicated, and the production cost also increases.
O-chloronitrobenzene need to pay attention to when storing and transporting
O-chloronitrobenzene is also an organic compound. When storing and transporting, many matters need to be paid careful attention.
It is toxic and flammable, and the storage place must be cool and well ventilated. Keep away from fire and heat sources is the first priority. If you are not careful, you may encounter fire or heat, and you may risk fire or even explosion. The temperature of the warehouse should be controlled within an appropriate range to prevent its chemical instability due to excessive temperature.
Furthermore, it should be stored separately from oxidizing agents, reducing agents, alkalis, etc., and must not be mixed. This is because it is easy to react chemically with such substances, endangering safety. And the storage area needs to be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaks to prevent accidental leakage.
During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or damage. Transportation vehicles should be equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. During driving, it should be protected from exposure to the sun, rain, and high temperature. When transporting by road, drive according to the specified route, and do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas. When transporting by rail, do not slip away.
In short, the storage and transportation of O-chloronitrobenzene is a matter of safety. All links need to strictly abide by regulations and operate carefully to ensure safety.
It is toxic and flammable, and the storage place must be cool and well ventilated. Keep away from fire and heat sources is the first priority. If you are not careful, you may encounter fire or heat, and you may risk fire or even explosion. The temperature of the warehouse should be controlled within an appropriate range to prevent its chemical instability due to excessive temperature.
Furthermore, it should be stored separately from oxidizing agents, reducing agents, alkalis, etc., and must not be mixed. This is because it is easy to react chemically with such substances, endangering safety. And the storage area needs to be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaks to prevent accidental leakage.
During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or damage. Transportation vehicles should be equipped with corresponding varieties and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and leakage emergency treatment equipment. During driving, it should be protected from exposure to the sun, rain, and high temperature. When transporting by road, drive according to the specified route, and do not stop in residential areas and densely populated areas. When transporting by rail, do not slip away.
In short, the storage and transportation of O-chloronitrobenzene is a matter of safety. All links need to strictly abide by regulations and operate carefully to ensure safety.
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