Linshang Chemical
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P-Chlorofluorobenzene
Linshang Chemical
|
HS Code |
302304 |
| Chemical Formula | C6H4ClF |
| Molecular Weight | 116.546 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Characteristic aromatic odor |
| Density | 1.213 g/cm³ at 25 °C |
| Boiling Point | 124 - 125 °C |
| Melting Point | -45 °C |
| Solubility In Water | Insoluble |
| Vapor Pressure | 1.33 kPa at 20.6 °C |
| Flash Point | 27 °C |
As an accredited P-Chlorofluorobenzene factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | P - chlorofluorobenzene packaged in 500 - gram bottles. |
| Storage | P - chlorofluorobenzene should be stored in a cool, well - ventilated area away from heat and ignition sources. Keep it in a tightly closed container made of suitable materials, like steel or high - density polyethylene, to prevent leakage. Store it separately from oxidizing agents and reactive chemicals to avoid potential reactions. |
| Shipping | P - chlorofluorobenzene, a hazardous chemical, is shipped in tightly sealed, corrosion - resistant containers. These are then placed in sturdy outer packaging. Shipments follow strict regulations to ensure safe transport due to its potential risks. |
Competitive P-Chlorofluorobenzene prices that fit your budget—flexible terms and customized quotes for every order.
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What are the main uses of P-chlorofluorobenzene?
P-chlorofluorobenzene is also an organic compound. It has many main uses and is important in the fields of industry and scientific research.
First, it is a key intermediate in the synthesis of medicine. Due to its unique structure, it can be derived from a variety of bioactive compounds through many chemical reactions. For example, in the synthesis of some antibacterial drugs and nervous system drugs, P-chlorofluorobenzene is often used as a starting material. After fine chemical reactions, complex drug molecular structures can be constructed, which helps to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects.
Second, it also plays an important role in the creation of pesticides. It can be used as a basic raw material for the synthesis of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides. After chemical modification, pesticide products that target specific pests or diseases can be developed, which helps agricultural production, improves crop yield and quality, and is less harmful to the environment.
Third, in the field of materials science, P-chlorofluorobenzene is also used. It can participate in the synthesis of special polymer materials, such as engineering plastics with special properties, liquid crystal materials, etc. The introduction of this compound can endow the material with unique physical and chemical properties, such as enhancing the heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance of the material, and optimizing the display properties of liquid crystal materials.
Fourth, in the study of organic synthetic chemistry, P-chlorofluorobenzene is a commonly used model compound. By studying its chemical reaction mechanism and optimizing reaction conditions, researchers can expand the methods and strategies of organic synthesis, provide theoretical and practical basis for the synthesis of new organic compounds, and promote the development of organic chemistry.
First, it is a key intermediate in the synthesis of medicine. Due to its unique structure, it can be derived from a variety of bioactive compounds through many chemical reactions. For example, in the synthesis of some antibacterial drugs and nervous system drugs, P-chlorofluorobenzene is often used as a starting material. After fine chemical reactions, complex drug molecular structures can be constructed, which helps to improve drug efficacy and reduce side effects.
Second, it also plays an important role in the creation of pesticides. It can be used as a basic raw material for the synthesis of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides. After chemical modification, pesticide products that target specific pests or diseases can be developed, which helps agricultural production, improves crop yield and quality, and is less harmful to the environment.
Third, in the field of materials science, P-chlorofluorobenzene is also used. It can participate in the synthesis of special polymer materials, such as engineering plastics with special properties, liquid crystal materials, etc. The introduction of this compound can endow the material with unique physical and chemical properties, such as enhancing the heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance of the material, and optimizing the display properties of liquid crystal materials.
Fourth, in the study of organic synthetic chemistry, P-chlorofluorobenzene is a commonly used model compound. By studying its chemical reaction mechanism and optimizing reaction conditions, researchers can expand the methods and strategies of organic synthesis, provide theoretical and practical basis for the synthesis of new organic compounds, and promote the development of organic chemistry.
What are the physical properties of P-chlorofluorobenzene?
P-chlorofluorobenzene is also an organic compound. Its unique physical properties are listed below:
- ** Appearance and Properties **: Under normal conditions, P-chlorofluorobenzene is a colorless and transparent liquid, and it looks clear, like a clear spring. Its liquid texture is uniform, and there are no impurities visible to the naked eye.
- ** Odor **: Smell it, there is an aromatic smell, but this fragrance is not as rich and sweet as the fragrance of flowers, but has a special chemical aroma, which is slightly pungent.
- ** Melting point and boiling point **: The melting point is -45.6 ° C. When the ambient temperature drops to this value, P-chlorofluorobenzene will gradually change from liquid to solid. The boiling point is 124-125 ° C. If it is heated to this temperature, the liquid will boil into a gaseous state.
- ** Solubility **: In water, P-chlorofluorobenzene has very little solubility. Because it is an organic compound, it is difficult to blend with water, so the two are difficult to blend, and oil floats in water. However, organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc., have good solubility and can be uniformly dispersed in them.
- ** Density **: The density is about 1.298g/cm ³, which is higher than that of water. If it is mixed with water, P-chlorofluorobenzene will sink to the bottom of the water.
- ** Volatility **: P-chlorofluorobenzene is volatile to a certain extent. At room temperature and pressure, its molecules constantly move and escape from the liquid surface into the air. However, its volatility is not extremely fast, and the volatilization rate is relatively slow compared to some low-boiling organic compounds.
- ** Appearance and Properties **: Under normal conditions, P-chlorofluorobenzene is a colorless and transparent liquid, and it looks clear, like a clear spring. Its liquid texture is uniform, and there are no impurities visible to the naked eye.
- ** Odor **: Smell it, there is an aromatic smell, but this fragrance is not as rich and sweet as the fragrance of flowers, but has a special chemical aroma, which is slightly pungent.
- ** Melting point and boiling point **: The melting point is -45.6 ° C. When the ambient temperature drops to this value, P-chlorofluorobenzene will gradually change from liquid to solid. The boiling point is 124-125 ° C. If it is heated to this temperature, the liquid will boil into a gaseous state.
- ** Solubility **: In water, P-chlorofluorobenzene has very little solubility. Because it is an organic compound, it is difficult to blend with water, so the two are difficult to blend, and oil floats in water. However, organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc., have good solubility and can be uniformly dispersed in them.
- ** Density **: The density is about 1.298g/cm ³, which is higher than that of water. If it is mixed with water, P-chlorofluorobenzene will sink to the bottom of the water.
- ** Volatility **: P-chlorofluorobenzene is volatile to a certain extent. At room temperature and pressure, its molecules constantly move and escape from the liquid surface into the air. However, its volatility is not extremely fast, and the volatilization rate is relatively slow compared to some low-boiling organic compounds.
What is the chemistry of P-chlorofluorobenzene?
P-chlorofluorobenzene is also an organic compound. In its molecular structure, the chlorine and fluorine atoms above the benzene ring are in opposite positions. The chemical properties of this compound are very interesting, and it has a wide range of uses in the fields of chemical industry and medicine.
As far as its chemical activity is concerned, the benzene ring has a conjugated system, which gives it a certain stability. However, the existence of chlorine and fluorine atoms has an impact on the distribution of the electron cloud of the benzene ring. The fluorine atom is extremely electronegative and has an electron-withdrawing induction effect, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, making the electrophilic substitution reaction more difficult than that of benzene. Although the chlorine atom also has an electron-withdrawing induction effect, its conjugation effect is slightly electron-donning, which can
In the electrophilic substitution reaction, the reactivity of P-chlorofluorobenzene is lower than that of benzene. For example, in the halogenation reaction, more severe conditions are required to make the electrophilic reagent attack the benzene ring. During the nitrification reaction, due to the decrease in the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, it is difficult for the nitro cation to bind to it, so the reaction rate is slow.
The nucleophilic substitution reaction of P-chlorofluorobenzene has another characteristic. Due to the strong electron-absorbing ability of fluorine atoms, the electron cloud density of o and para-carbon atoms decreases, which is conducive to the attack of nucleophilic reagents. If there are suitable nucleophilic reagents, such as sodium alcohol, amines, etc., nucleophilic
In the redox reaction, P-chlorofluorobenzene is relatively stable and is not easy to be oxidized by general oxidants. In case of strong oxidants, the benzene ring may be destroyed, and oxidation products containing chlorine and fluorine will be formed. In the reduction reaction, under specific conditions, the benzene ring can be hydrogenated and reduced, and the chlorine and fluorine atoms may also change accordingly. However, this process needs to be suitable for catalysts and reaction conditions.
In summary, the chemical properties of P-chlorofluorobenzene are influenced by the interaction of the benzene ring with chlorine and fluorine atoms. It exhibits unique activity and selectivity in various reactions and is of great value in organic synthesis and other fields
As far as its chemical activity is concerned, the benzene ring has a conjugated system, which gives it a certain stability. However, the existence of chlorine and fluorine atoms has an impact on the distribution of the electron cloud of the benzene ring. The fluorine atom is extremely electronegative and has an electron-withdrawing induction effect, which reduces the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, making the electrophilic substitution reaction more difficult than that of benzene. Although the chlorine atom also has an electron-withdrawing induction effect, its conjugation effect is slightly electron-donning, which can
In the electrophilic substitution reaction, the reactivity of P-chlorofluorobenzene is lower than that of benzene. For example, in the halogenation reaction, more severe conditions are required to make the electrophilic reagent attack the benzene ring. During the nitrification reaction, due to the decrease in the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, it is difficult for the nitro cation to bind to it, so the reaction rate is slow.
The nucleophilic substitution reaction of P-chlorofluorobenzene has another characteristic. Due to the strong electron-absorbing ability of fluorine atoms, the electron cloud density of o and para-carbon atoms decreases, which is conducive to the attack of nucleophilic reagents. If there are suitable nucleophilic reagents, such as sodium alcohol, amines, etc., nucleophilic
In the redox reaction, P-chlorofluorobenzene is relatively stable and is not easy to be oxidized by general oxidants. In case of strong oxidants, the benzene ring may be destroyed, and oxidation products containing chlorine and fluorine will be formed. In the reduction reaction, under specific conditions, the benzene ring can be hydrogenated and reduced, and the chlorine and fluorine atoms may also change accordingly. However, this process needs to be suitable for catalysts and reaction conditions.
In summary, the chemical properties of P-chlorofluorobenzene are influenced by the interaction of the benzene ring with chlorine and fluorine atoms. It exhibits unique activity and selectivity in various reactions and is of great value in organic synthesis and other fields
What are P-chlorofluorobenzene synthesis methods?
The synthesis of P-chlorofluorobenzene has different paths, and the most common ones are listed as follows.
First, fluorobenzene is the method of chlorination. When fluorobenzene encounters chlorine, it is catalyzed by trichloride and the like. The two are in phase, and the chlorine atom can be added to the benzene to obtain P-chlorofluorobenzene. In this case, the role of catalysis is to reduce the energy of reaction and promote its production. However, there may be isotope production, so it is necessary to improve the production and increase the production rate of P-chlorofluorobenzene. If the temperature is controlled and the reaction rate is low, it is beneficial to the production of P-chlorofluorobenzene.
Second, the chlorophenyl group, the line of fluorination. Chlorobenzene fluoride, such as fluoride and the like, in solution, such as dimethyl chloride, etc., to add energy, chlorine atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms, P-chlorofluorobenzene can be obtained. This, the solubility, to the best, need to be able to dissolve fluoride, and help the reaction. However, fluorination activity is not high, or need to help, such as crown ether, to increase its reaction activity.
Third, with benzene as a starting material, first fluorinated, then chlorinated. Benzene fluoride, under a specific catalyst, into fluorobenzene, such as the above chlorination, also obtained P-chlorofluorobenzene. In this way, the steps are a little more complicated, but the raw materials are easy to use, and each step can be used to achieve good results.
Where this method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this method, it is necessary to balance the general factors such as the cost of raw materials, the ease of operation, the high rate of efficiency, and the requirements of protection, etc., and determine a comprehensive strategy to synthesize P-chlorofluorobenzene.
First, fluorobenzene is the method of chlorination. When fluorobenzene encounters chlorine, it is catalyzed by trichloride and the like. The two are in phase, and the chlorine atom can be added to the benzene to obtain P-chlorofluorobenzene. In this case, the role of catalysis is to reduce the energy of reaction and promote its production. However, there may be isotope production, so it is necessary to improve the production and increase the production rate of P-chlorofluorobenzene. If the temperature is controlled and the reaction rate is low, it is beneficial to the production of P-chlorofluorobenzene.
Second, the chlorophenyl group, the line of fluorination. Chlorobenzene fluoride, such as fluoride and the like, in solution, such as dimethyl chloride, etc., to add energy, chlorine atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms, P-chlorofluorobenzene can be obtained. This, the solubility, to the best, need to be able to dissolve fluoride, and help the reaction. However, fluorination activity is not high, or need to help, such as crown ether, to increase its reaction activity.
Third, with benzene as a starting material, first fluorinated, then chlorinated. Benzene fluoride, under a specific catalyst, into fluorobenzene, such as the above chlorination, also obtained P-chlorofluorobenzene. In this way, the steps are a little more complicated, but the raw materials are easy to use, and each step can be used to achieve good results.
Where this method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In this method, it is necessary to balance the general factors such as the cost of raw materials, the ease of operation, the high rate of efficiency, and the requirements of protection, etc., and determine a comprehensive strategy to synthesize P-chlorofluorobenzene.
P-chlorofluorobenzene what are the precautions during use
P-chlorofluorobenzene, when using, many things must be observed.
The first to bear the brunt is a matter of safety. P-chlorofluorobenzene has certain toxicity and irritation, contact, or hurt the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Therefore, when handling this object, you should strictly follow safety procedures, wear protective clothing, goggles, gloves, and a respirator to prevent it from touching the body, entering the eyes, and inhaling into the lungs. And this object is flammable, and in case of open flames and hot topics, there is a risk of explosion. Store in a cool, ventilated place, away from fire, heat sources, and separate from oxidants and acids, and avoid mixed storage.
Furthermore, it is related to the environment. If P-chlorofluorobenzene enters the environment, it may pollute soil, water and air. When it is used up for disposal, it should be handed over to a professional organization in accordance with relevant laws and regulations for harmless treatment, and should not be discarded at will, so as not to harm the ecology.
Repeat, is the standard of operation. Before use, read the manual and operating procedures carefully to learn about its nature, use and precautions. In the operation room, ensure good ventilation and reduce its concentration in the air. Weighing, transfer and other steps, the methods need to be fine to prevent leakage. In the event of leakage, take emergency measures quickly, contain, adsorb, collect the residual liquid, and hand it over to professional treatment.
In addition, analysis and testing are also important. In use, always check its purity and content to ensure that it meets the standards and needs of use. When analyzing the instrument, operate according to the specifications and obtain accurate data.
In short, with P-chlorofluorobenzene, safety is the top priority, taking into account the environment, standardized operation, and frequent testing can achieve the goal and avoid it.
The first to bear the brunt is a matter of safety. P-chlorofluorobenzene has certain toxicity and irritation, contact, or hurt the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. Therefore, when handling this object, you should strictly follow safety procedures, wear protective clothing, goggles, gloves, and a respirator to prevent it from touching the body, entering the eyes, and inhaling into the lungs. And this object is flammable, and in case of open flames and hot topics, there is a risk of explosion. Store in a cool, ventilated place, away from fire, heat sources, and separate from oxidants and acids, and avoid mixed storage.
Furthermore, it is related to the environment. If P-chlorofluorobenzene enters the environment, it may pollute soil, water and air. When it is used up for disposal, it should be handed over to a professional organization in accordance with relevant laws and regulations for harmless treatment, and should not be discarded at will, so as not to harm the ecology.
Repeat, is the standard of operation. Before use, read the manual and operating procedures carefully to learn about its nature, use and precautions. In the operation room, ensure good ventilation and reduce its concentration in the air. Weighing, transfer and other steps, the methods need to be fine to prevent leakage. In the event of leakage, take emergency measures quickly, contain, adsorb, collect the residual liquid, and hand it over to professional treatment.
In addition, analysis and testing are also important. In use, always check its purity and content to ensure that it meets the standards and needs of use. When analyzing the instrument, operate according to the specifications and obtain accurate data.
In short, with P-chlorofluorobenzene, safety is the top priority, taking into account the environment, standardized operation, and frequent testing can achieve the goal and avoid it.
What are the main uses of P-chlorofluorobenzene?
P-chlorofluorobenzene is also an organic compound. Its main use can be used as an intermediary in the synthesis of medicine and pesticides. In the field of medicine, it is the key raw material for the synthesis of various special drugs. For example, some antibacterial drugs, with the special structure of P-chlorofluorobenzene, can optimize the antibacterial activity of drugs, increase their efficacy and reduce their side effects.
In the field of pesticides, P-chlorofluorobenzene also plays a crucial role. It can participate in the synthesis of high-efficiency insecticides, and with its chemical properties, it can accurately act on the physiological functions of pests to achieve the purpose of killing pests and protecting plants. And because of its stable structure, it can increase the shelf life of pesticides, reduce the frequency of application, and reduce agricultural production costs.
Furthermore, P-chlorofluorobenzene is also used in the field of materials science. Or it can be used to synthesize polymer materials with special properties, such as materials with excellent heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. These materials are in great demand in high-end fields such as aerospace and electronics, and can meet their strict requirements for high performance of materials.
From this perspective, P-chlorofluorobenzene has a wide range of uses and is of great value in many fields such as medicine, pesticides, and materials science. It plays a crucial role in promoting the development of related industries.
In the field of pesticides, P-chlorofluorobenzene also plays a crucial role. It can participate in the synthesis of high-efficiency insecticides, and with its chemical properties, it can accurately act on the physiological functions of pests to achieve the purpose of killing pests and protecting plants. And because of its stable structure, it can increase the shelf life of pesticides, reduce the frequency of application, and reduce agricultural production costs.
Furthermore, P-chlorofluorobenzene is also used in the field of materials science. Or it can be used to synthesize polymer materials with special properties, such as materials with excellent heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. These materials are in great demand in high-end fields such as aerospace and electronics, and can meet their strict requirements for high performance of materials.
From this perspective, P-chlorofluorobenzene has a wide range of uses and is of great value in many fields such as medicine, pesticides, and materials science. It plays a crucial role in promoting the development of related industries.
What are the physical properties of P-chlorofluorobenzene?
P-chlorofluorobenzene is also an organic compound. It has specific physical properties and is used in various fields such as chemical industry and medicine.
In terms of its properties, under normal conditions, P-chlorofluorobenzene is a colorless and transparent liquid with a special smell. Looking at its color, it is colorless when pure, but it contains impurities or after a long time, or changes color slightly. Although its smell is not strongly irritating, it can be detected in a closed space.
As for the boiling point, it is between 128-129 ° C. This boiling point makes it change from liquid to gaseous at a specific temperature. Because the boiling point is not very high, it is easier to control in chemical distillation, separation and other operations.
The melting point is about -29 ° C. At this low temperature, P-chlorofluorobenzene condenses from liquid to solid. The characteristics of the melting point are important for temperature control of storage, transportation and related reactions.
P-chlorofluorobenzene has a slightly higher density than water, about 1.298 (g/mL, 20 ° C). Mixing it with water can sink underwater. This density characteristic must be taken into account when liquid-liquid separation and related reaction systems are constructed.
In terms of solubility, P-chlorofluorobenzene is insoluble in water, because water is a polar solvent, while P-chlorofluorobenzene molecules have weaker polarity. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", the two are insoluble. However, it is soluble in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. In organic synthesis reactions, such solvents are often selected to assist the reaction.
The vapor pressure of P-chlorofluorobenzene has a specific value at a specific temperature. The vapor pressure reflects the difficulty of volatilization. Because the vapor pressure is not extremely low, it can evaporate slowly at room temperature. When storing, pay attention to sealing to prevent volatilization loss and impact on the environment.
In addition, the refractive index of P-chlorofluorobenzene is also one of its important physical properties, about 1.474 (20 ℃). The refractive index is quite useful in the identification of its purity and related optical properties.
In terms of its properties, under normal conditions, P-chlorofluorobenzene is a colorless and transparent liquid with a special smell. Looking at its color, it is colorless when pure, but it contains impurities or after a long time, or changes color slightly. Although its smell is not strongly irritating, it can be detected in a closed space.
As for the boiling point, it is between 128-129 ° C. This boiling point makes it change from liquid to gaseous at a specific temperature. Because the boiling point is not very high, it is easier to control in chemical distillation, separation and other operations.
The melting point is about -29 ° C. At this low temperature, P-chlorofluorobenzene condenses from liquid to solid. The characteristics of the melting point are important for temperature control of storage, transportation and related reactions.
P-chlorofluorobenzene has a slightly higher density than water, about 1.298 (g/mL, 20 ° C). Mixing it with water can sink underwater. This density characteristic must be taken into account when liquid-liquid separation and related reaction systems are constructed.
In terms of solubility, P-chlorofluorobenzene is insoluble in water, because water is a polar solvent, while P-chlorofluorobenzene molecules have weaker polarity. According to the principle of "similar miscibility", the two are insoluble. However, it is soluble in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether, acetone, etc. In organic synthesis reactions, such solvents are often selected to assist the reaction.
The vapor pressure of P-chlorofluorobenzene has a specific value at a specific temperature. The vapor pressure reflects the difficulty of volatilization. Because the vapor pressure is not extremely low, it can evaporate slowly at room temperature. When storing, pay attention to sealing to prevent volatilization loss and impact on the environment.
In addition, the refractive index of P-chlorofluorobenzene is also one of its important physical properties, about 1.474 (20 ℃). The refractive index is quite useful in the identification of its purity and related optical properties.
What is the chemistry of P-chlorofluorobenzene?
P-chlorofluorobenzene is an organic compound whose molecules contain chlorine, fluorine and benzene rings. This substance has unique chemical properties and is related to many chemical reactions, which is of great significance for its application.
In terms of reactivity, the benzene ring has aromatic and stable properties. However, due to the presence of chlorine and fluorine, the density of its adjacent and para-position electron clouds changes. Both chlorine and fluorine are electron-withdrawing groups, which reduce the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, and the activity of the electrophilic substitution reaction is inferior to that of benzene. However, both have lone pair electrons, which can conjugate with the benzene ring, so that the electron cloud density of the ortho and para-position is slightly higher. In the electrophilic substitution reaction, the substituent is easy to enter the ortho and para-position.
< br If nitrification occurs, the nitro group tends to enter the chlorine, fluorine o-site and para-site. Due to the coexistence of the electron-absorbing induction effect of chlorine and fluorine and the conjugation effect of the electron supply, the conjugation effect makes the electron cloud density of the o-site and para-site relatively high, which is conducive to the attack of electrophilic reagents. However, due to the electron-absorbing induction effect, the reaction activity is lower than that of benzene, and the reaction conditions may be more severe, so a suitable catalyst and reaction temperature are required.
In addition, chlorine and fluorine atoms in P-chlorofluorobenzene can undergo substitution reactions. If under appropriate nucleophilic reagents and reaction conditions, chlorine or fluorine atoms can be replaced by other groups. It depends on the activity of nucleophilic reagents, reaction temperatures, solvents and other factors
P-chlorofluorobenzene has unique chemical properties and can be used as an intermediate in the field of organic synthesis to participate in various reactions and prepare complex organic compounds. Studying its chemical properties is of great significance for expanding organic synthesis methods and developing new compounds.
In terms of reactivity, the benzene ring has aromatic and stable properties. However, due to the presence of chlorine and fluorine, the density of its adjacent and para-position electron clouds changes. Both chlorine and fluorine are electron-withdrawing groups, which reduce the electron cloud density of the benzene ring, and the activity of the electrophilic substitution reaction is inferior to that of benzene. However, both have lone pair electrons, which can conjugate with the benzene ring, so that the electron cloud density of the ortho and para-position is slightly higher. In the electrophilic substitution reaction, the substituent is easy to enter the ortho and para-position.
< br If nitrification occurs, the nitro group tends to enter the chlorine, fluorine o-site and para-site. Due to the coexistence of the electron-absorbing induction effect of chlorine and fluorine and the conjugation effect of the electron supply, the conjugation effect makes the electron cloud density of the o-site and para-site relatively high, which is conducive to the attack of electrophilic reagents. However, due to the electron-absorbing induction effect, the reaction activity is lower than that of benzene, and the reaction conditions may be more severe, so a suitable catalyst and reaction temperature are required.
In addition, chlorine and fluorine atoms in P-chlorofluorobenzene can undergo substitution reactions. If under appropriate nucleophilic reagents and reaction conditions, chlorine or fluorine atoms can be replaced by other groups. It depends on the activity of nucleophilic reagents, reaction temperatures, solvents and other factors
P-chlorofluorobenzene has unique chemical properties and can be used as an intermediate in the field of organic synthesis to participate in various reactions and prepare complex organic compounds. Studying its chemical properties is of great significance for expanding organic synthesis methods and developing new compounds.
What is P-chlorofluorobenzene production method?
The method of preparing P-chlorofluorobenzene is often achieved by a specific chemical path. In the past, benzene was mostly used as the starting material, and it was prepared by chlorination and fluorination.
First, benzene and chlorine are reacted under suitable conditions, such as ferric chloride as the catalyst, at a suitable temperature, to obtain chlorobenzene. The chemical formula of this reaction is: $C_ {6} H_ {6} + Cl_ {2}\ xrightarrow [] {FeCl_ {3}} C_ {6} H_ {5} Cl + HCl $. The formation of chlorobenzene depends on the activation of chlorine molecules by the catalyst ferric chloride, which can interact with the π electron cloud of the benzene ring and perform electrophilic substitution.
The obtained chlorobenzene is then reacted with fluoride. Usually anhydrous potassium fluoride is used as the fluorine source, and in a specific organic solvent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), under heating and specific pressure, a halogen exchange reaction is carried out to obtain P-chlorofluorobenzene. The formula for this reaction is approximately: $C_ {6} H_ {5} Cl + KF\ xrightarrow [] {DMSO,\ Delta} C_ {6} H_ {4} ClF + KCl $. In this reaction, the organic solvent DMSO is very powerful, which can increase the solubility of potassium fluoride and promote the reaction to generate P-chlorofluorobenzene.
There is another method, using p-chloroaniline as the starting material, through the steps of diazotization and fluorine replacement. First, p-chloroaniline and sodium nitrite are diazotized in an acidic environment at low temperature to obtain diazonium salts. The formula is roughly: $C_ {6} H_ {4} ClNH_ {2} + NaNO_ {2} + 2HCl\ xrightarrow [] {0 - 5 ^ {\ circ} C} C_ {6} H_ {4} ClN_ {2} ^ {+} C l ^{-} + Na C l + 2H_ {2} O $. The diazonium salt is extremely active. After being treated with fluoroboronic acid, p-chlorobenzene diazonium fluoroborate is obtained, and then it is decomposed by heating to obtain P-chlorofluorobenzene.
Today's methods strive to be green and efficient. There are endless measures to develop new catalysts and optimize reaction conditions. There are methods to use transition metal catalysts, which can reduce the reaction steps, increase the selectivity and yield of the product, reduce energy consumption and less pollution, and are beneficial to the promotion of industrial production.
First, benzene and chlorine are reacted under suitable conditions, such as ferric chloride as the catalyst, at a suitable temperature, to obtain chlorobenzene. The chemical formula of this reaction is: $C_ {6} H_ {6} + Cl_ {2}\ xrightarrow [] {FeCl_ {3}} C_ {6} H_ {5} Cl + HCl $. The formation of chlorobenzene depends on the activation of chlorine molecules by the catalyst ferric chloride, which can interact with the π electron cloud of the benzene ring and perform electrophilic substitution.
The obtained chlorobenzene is then reacted with fluoride. Usually anhydrous potassium fluoride is used as the fluorine source, and in a specific organic solvent, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), under heating and specific pressure, a halogen exchange reaction is carried out to obtain P-chlorofluorobenzene. The formula for this reaction is approximately: $C_ {6} H_ {5} Cl + KF\ xrightarrow [] {DMSO,\ Delta} C_ {6} H_ {4} ClF + KCl $. In this reaction, the organic solvent DMSO is very powerful, which can increase the solubility of potassium fluoride and promote the reaction to generate P-chlorofluorobenzene.
There is another method, using p-chloroaniline as the starting material, through the steps of diazotization and fluorine replacement. First, p-chloroaniline and sodium nitrite are diazotized in an acidic environment at low temperature to obtain diazonium salts. The formula is roughly: $C_ {6} H_ {4} ClNH_ {2} + NaNO_ {2} + 2HCl\ xrightarrow [] {0 - 5 ^ {\ circ} C} C_ {6} H_ {4} ClN_ {2} ^ {+} C l ^{-} + Na C l + 2H_ {2} O $. The diazonium salt is extremely active. After being treated with fluoroboronic acid, p-chlorobenzene diazonium fluoroborate is obtained, and then it is decomposed by heating to obtain P-chlorofluorobenzene.
Today's methods strive to be green and efficient. There are endless measures to develop new catalysts and optimize reaction conditions. There are methods to use transition metal catalysts, which can reduce the reaction steps, increase the selectivity and yield of the product, reduce energy consumption and less pollution, and are beneficial to the promotion of industrial production.
What are the precautions in storage and transportation of P-chlorofluorobenzene?
P-chlorofluorobenzene is also an organic compound. When storing and transporting, many matters should be carefully paid attention to.
First words storage. This material is more active and should be placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Because the temperature is too high or it causes its chemical reaction, it is dangerous. The temperature of the warehouse should be controlled in a specific range to prevent it from being exacerbated by thermal decomposition or volatilization. And it needs to be kept away from fires, heat sources, and pyrotechnics, which can cause the risk of explosion. And because of its toxicity, it should be placed separately from edible chemicals, oxidants and other substances to prevent mixed reactions and harmful substances.
As for transportation, it is also necessary to strictly abide by regulations. Transportation vehicles should be qualified and equipped with fire extinguishing and leakage emergency treatment equipment. During transportation, ensure that the container is free of leakage and damage. Driving should be stable to avoid bumps and vibrations, and prevent the container from breaking and causing leakage of P-chlorofluorobenzene. When loading and unloading, operators must wear protective equipment, such as gas masks, protective gloves, etc., to prevent it from coming into contact with the human body and harming health. If it is unfortunate to leak, isolate the scene as soon as possible, evacuate the crowd, and emergency responders wear protective equipment to collect and clean up the leakage in the correct way, so as not to pollute the environment.
All of these are matters that should be paid attention to in the storage and transportation of P-chlorofluorobenzene, and must not be ignored to ensure safety.
First words storage. This material is more active and should be placed in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Because the temperature is too high or it causes its chemical reaction, it is dangerous. The temperature of the warehouse should be controlled in a specific range to prevent it from being exacerbated by thermal decomposition or volatilization. And it needs to be kept away from fires, heat sources, and pyrotechnics, which can cause the risk of explosion. And because of its toxicity, it should be placed separately from edible chemicals, oxidants and other substances to prevent mixed reactions and harmful substances.
As for transportation, it is also necessary to strictly abide by regulations. Transportation vehicles should be qualified and equipped with fire extinguishing and leakage emergency treatment equipment. During transportation, ensure that the container is free of leakage and damage. Driving should be stable to avoid bumps and vibrations, and prevent the container from breaking and causing leakage of P-chlorofluorobenzene. When loading and unloading, operators must wear protective equipment, such as gas masks, protective gloves, etc., to prevent it from coming into contact with the human body and harming health. If it is unfortunate to leak, isolate the scene as soon as possible, evacuate the crowd, and emergency responders wear protective equipment to collect and clean up the leakage in the correct way, so as not to pollute the environment.
All of these are matters that should be paid attention to in the storage and transportation of P-chlorofluorobenzene, and must not be ignored to ensure safety.
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