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Chlorination of Benzene Reaction
Chlorination of benzene
Benzene is an essential organic substance, and its properties are stable. It can also respond to chlorination agents.
The reaction of chlorinated benzene requires a specific environment and agent. Iron filings or their halides are often used as catalysts to pass chlorine into benzene. Chlorine, an active halogen element, has strong oxidizing properties. Above the benzene ring, the electron cloud is densely spread, attracting the electrophilic attack of chlorine.
At the beginning of the reaction, the chlorine molecule is attracted by the catalyst, polarized and cracked, and its chlorine atom is positively charged, which is an electrophilic agent, approaching the electron cloud of the benzene ring. The π electron cloud of the benzene ring welcomes it, forming an unstable intermediate. This intermediate quickly loses a proton, and chlorobenzene is obtained.
Its reaction process also has side effects. If the amount of chlorine is too much, or for a long time, chlorobenzene can react with chlorine again to produce dichlorobenzene, and there are three isomers: ortho, meta, and para. This side effect, in the industrial production of chlorobenzene, needs to be well controlled to reduce its rate and increase the yield of the main product.
The reaction of chlorinated benzene is crucial in organic synthesis. Chlorobenzene can be used as a raw material to make pesticides, medicines, dyes and other substances. It is widely used in the field of chemical industry.
Benzene is an essential organic substance, and its properties are stable. It can also respond to chlorination agents.
The reaction of chlorinated benzene requires a specific environment and agent. Iron filings or their halides are often used as catalysts to pass chlorine into benzene. Chlorine, an active halogen element, has strong oxidizing properties. Above the benzene ring, the electron cloud is densely spread, attracting the electrophilic attack of chlorine.
At the beginning of the reaction, the chlorine molecule is attracted by the catalyst, polarized and cracked, and its chlorine atom is positively charged, which is an electrophilic agent, approaching the electron cloud of the benzene ring. The π electron cloud of the benzene ring welcomes it, forming an unstable intermediate. This intermediate quickly loses a proton, and chlorobenzene is obtained.
Its reaction process also has side effects. If the amount of chlorine is too much, or for a long time, chlorobenzene can react with chlorine again to produce dichlorobenzene, and there are three isomers: ortho, meta, and para. This side effect, in the industrial production of chlorobenzene, needs to be well controlled to reduce its rate and increase the yield of the main product.
The reaction of chlorinated benzene is crucial in organic synthesis. Chlorobenzene can be used as a raw material to make pesticides, medicines, dyes and other substances. It is widely used in the field of chemical industry.
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