Linshang Chemical
SUPPLEMENTS
Chlorination of Benzene under UV Light
The chlorination reaction of benzene under ultraviolet light
The benzene is also an organic compound with unique properties and stable cyclic structure. When ultraviolet light is used as a guide, chlorine and chlorine meet, and the transformation occurs.
At the beginning, ultraviolet light shines, which can excite chlorine molecules ($Cl_2 $), cause their covalent bond cracking, and generate two active chlorine radicals ($Cl\ cdot $). This radical is extremely active and has the ability to seize electrons.
The benzene ring, although it has a stable structure of conjugation, also reacts when it encounters this chlorine radical. Its chlorine radical approaches the benzene ring, grabs a hydrogen atom, and forms hydrogen chloride ($HCl $), while the benzene ring produces a phenyl radical. The phenyl radical reacts with the chlorine molecule to obtain a chlorine atom, forming chlorobenzene ($C_6H_5Cl $), and releasing another chlorine radical. This new chlorine radical can continue to interact with benzene, causing the reaction cycle to continue.
The reaction process is not achieved overnight, and the product is not monochlorobenzene. Or due to different reaction conditions, or by-products such as dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene are generated. The intensity of ultraviolet light, the length of reaction time, and the ratio of chlorine to benzene are all important factors affecting the product. If the light intensity is long and the amount of chlorine is abundant, the polychlorinated substitute will gradually increase; conversely, if the light control is weak, the time is short, and the chlorine is appropriate, the yield of chlorobenzene is expected to increase. Therefore, the chlorination reaction of benzene under ultraviolet light has a delicate mechanism and complex conditions. To achieve good production, it must be carefully studied and controlled.
The benzene is also an organic compound with unique properties and stable cyclic structure. When ultraviolet light is used as a guide, chlorine and chlorine meet, and the transformation occurs.
At the beginning, ultraviolet light shines, which can excite chlorine molecules ($Cl_2 $), cause their covalent bond cracking, and generate two active chlorine radicals ($Cl\ cdot $). This radical is extremely active and has the ability to seize electrons.
The benzene ring, although it has a stable structure of conjugation, also reacts when it encounters this chlorine radical. Its chlorine radical approaches the benzene ring, grabs a hydrogen atom, and forms hydrogen chloride ($HCl $), while the benzene ring produces a phenyl radical. The phenyl radical reacts with the chlorine molecule to obtain a chlorine atom, forming chlorobenzene ($C_6H_5Cl $), and releasing another chlorine radical. This new chlorine radical can continue to interact with benzene, causing the reaction cycle to continue.
The reaction process is not achieved overnight, and the product is not monochlorobenzene. Or due to different reaction conditions, or by-products such as dichlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene are generated. The intensity of ultraviolet light, the length of reaction time, and the ratio of chlorine to benzene are all important factors affecting the product. If the light intensity is long and the amount of chlorine is abundant, the polychlorinated substitute will gradually increase; conversely, if the light control is weak, the time is short, and the chlorine is appropriate, the yield of chlorobenzene is expected to increase. Therefore, the chlorination reaction of benzene under ultraviolet light has a delicate mechanism and complex conditions. To achieve good production, it must be carefully studied and controlled.
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